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} } } // Return false if there's not if (phone.charAt(i) != "-") return false; // Else there should be a digit here... else { } // Return false if there's not if (!isDigit(phone.charAt(i))) return true; return false; This is a lot of code for such a seemingly simple task. The code is far from elegant, and just imagine how much more complicated it would have to be if you wanted to validate other formats—for example, phone numbers with extensions, international numbers, or numbers with the dashes or area code omitted. Regular expressions simplify tasks like this considerably by allowing programmers to specify a pattern against which a string is ―matched.‖ This frees developers from having to write complicated and error-prone text matching code like we did in the preceding example. But regular expressions are not just limited to determining whether a string matches a particular pattern (like our NNN-NNN-NNNN in the preceeding listing); if the string does match, it is possible to locate, extract, or even replace the matching portions. This vastly simplifies the recognition and extraction of structured data like URLs, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and cookies. Just about any type of string data with a predictable format can be operated upon with regular expressions. The Concept of Regular Expressions A regular expression specifies a pattern of characters. You can, for example, specify a pattern like we saw for data like a North American phone number that has three digits followed by a dash followed by three digits followed by a dash and four more digits. Because regular
expressions are designed to be very flexible, you can also specify patterns where a character or group of characters are repeated a certain number of times, or patterns in which a certain sequence of characters appears in a specific place in a string (e.g., at the beginning or end). Once you‘ve written a regular expression (pattern) you can then match strings against it. That is, applying a regex to a string will tell you whether the string contains the pattern in question. For example, you might write one regex that specifies the pattern that phone numbers must have to be valid, and another for valid e-mail addresses. When the user enters these data into a form, you might then match his/her input against your regular expressions. If the strings the user enters match your patterns, you might let form submission proceed; but if not, you might cancel the form submission and alert the user that some of the data he/she entered is invalid. We‘ll see this exact usage of regular expressions in Chapter 14, which discusses Web forms and validation. For now we‘ll focus on how to specify patterns against which you can check strings. Later, we‘ll discuss how to do more advanced tasks such as replace a portion of a string that matches a particular pattern. Note The term ―regular expression‖ comes from a branch of computer science that deals with the recognition of languages. The kinds of strings you can match using regular expressions are called ―regular‖ because they’re very simple for computers to recognize. It’s straightforward but extremely tedious to write such pattern matching code ourselves, so instead we specify the pattern and the computer generates and then runs the recognition code. Introduction to JavaScript Regular Expressions Regular expressions were introduced in JavaScript 1.2 and JScript 3.0 with the RegExp object, so much of their functionality is available through RegExp methods. However, many methods of the String object take regular expressions as arguments; so you will see regular expressions commonly used in both contexts. Regular expressions are most often created using their literal syntax, in which the characters that make up the pattern are surrounded by slashes (/ and /). For example, to create a regular expression that will match any string containing ―http,‖ you might write the following: var pattern = /http/; The way you read this pattern is an ―h‖ followed by a ―t‖ followed by a ―t‖ followed by a ―p.‖ Any string containing ―http‖ matches this pattern. Flags altering the interpretation of the pattern can be given immediately following the second slash. For example, to specify that the pattern is case-insensitive, the i flag is used: var patternIgnoringCase = /http/i; This declaration creates a pattern that will match strings containing ―http‖ as well as ―HTTP‖ or ―HttP.‖ The common flags used with regular expressions are shown in Table 8-1 and will be illustrated in examples throughout the chapter. Don‘t worry about any but i for the time being. Table 8-1: Flags Altering the Interpretation of a Regular Expression Character Meaning I Case-insensitive. G Global match. Finds all matches in the string, rather than just the first. M Multiline matching. Regular expressions can also be declared using the RegExp() constructor. The first argument to the constructor is a string containing the desired pattern. The second argument is optional,
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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Serrato, Darlene Hernandez, Michele
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First JavaScript document.write("
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In this case, the tag happens to s
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Ready start alert("First Script
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Script Hiding Most browsers tend to
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alert("Your JavaScript is on!
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Event Trigger Example A re
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Notice that the src attribu
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Figure 1-6: JavaScript console used
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Table 1-1: Browser Versions and Jav
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A scripting language is a language
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This is not a problem in itself. Th
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y a linebreak without causing an er
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Being weakly typed is both a blessi
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myArray[1] = 5; myArray[2] = "Thoma
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To compare objects, JavaScript prov
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} else { } x = x + 1; First, the co
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do { document.write(x); document.wr
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This code declares a function named
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document.write("This text is no
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*/ invoke it as follows: var y = sq
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Part II: Core Language Chapter 3: D
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throughout both the chapter and the
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The other important special value i
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Things get really messy if you work
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Close examination of the table of e
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document.write("Note how newlines (
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Note Some Netscape browsers do not
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Methods of objects are accessed in
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The typeof Operator If you‘re cur
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Number "NaN", "0", or the string re
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A variable‘s name should give som
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execute. This context contains the
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} function innerFunction() { } aler
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context, the interpreter would firs
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y = y - 1 is fine. But if you make
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Operators JavaScript supports a var
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There is one further wrinkle with t
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Table 4-3 shows the bitwise operato
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Table 4-5: Shorthand Assignment wit
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Comparison Operators A comparison e
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"thomas" >> "fritz" "aaaa" >> "a" "
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var a,b,c,d; a = (b=5, c=7, d=56);
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alert(myArray[2]); alert(myArray[3]
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Table 4-9: Precedence and Associati
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JavaScript supports a core set of s
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else if (expression2) statement or
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Figure 4-1: Logical expressions can
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else if (yourGrade == 'D') alert("N
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} case 'C': alert("You passed!"); c
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{ } // do something Last, an import
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document.write("Start the countdown
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} document.write("Outerloop: "+i+""
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The with statement indicates an obj
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alter program flow. A variety of lo
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Functions do not have to receive on
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Functions always return some form o
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document.write("In function fiddle
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} x = 7; document.write("x="+x+"");
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However, more likely, we purposeful
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document.write("Entering testFuncti
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"statements for function body"); As
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A similar kind of nameless function
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The result shown next demonstrates
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Note that this isn‘t a terribly r
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Using Functions Before concluding t
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} if (addTwo.arguments.length == 2)
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familiar to anyone who has programm
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creates String objects while the Ar
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The result is As you can see, the s
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Figure 6-1: Enumerating properties
Page 149 and 150: statement; Using with lets you refe
Page 151 and 152: Declare a function taking two argum
Page 153 and 154: Table 6-2: Properties and Methods C
Page 155 and 156: Notice that we named the method att
Page 157 and 158: If the way the robot object has bee
Page 159 and 160: Object-Oriented JavaScript Before j
Page 161 and 162: } this.hasJetpack = true; This exam
Page 163 and 164: function Robot(flying, action) { }
Page 165 and 166: var feature = guard.feature; var ca
Page 167 and 168: var firstArray = []; var secondArra
Page 169 and 170: The effect is as if no element had
Page 171 and 172: var myValues = new Array(); myValue
Page 173 and 174: stack.pop(); // ["first", 10] Retur
Page 175 and 176: Unlike with the push() and shift()
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Page 179 and 180: If you want to be more succinct, yo
Page 181 and 182: } { } var last = this[this.length-1
Page 183 and 184: Table 7-1: Arguments to the Date()
Page 185 and 186: document.write("The current date :
Page 187 and 188: If you are not sure whether the par
Page 189 and 190: Table 7-2: Globally Available Metho
Page 191 and 192: Table 7-4: Methods Provided by the
Page 193 and 194: var s = new String(); var headline
Page 195 and 196: var s = "JavaScript" + " is" + " a"
Page 197 and 198: Table 7-6: HTML-Releated String Met
Page 199: This chapter is an introduction to
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Page 205 and 206: Table 8-2: Regular Expression Escap
Page 207 and 208: var pattern = /ab+c/; is read as
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Page 213 and 214: You could use the following regular
Page 215 and 216: document.writeln("result.lastIndex
Page 217 and 218: } // if we have a match, print info
Page 219 and 220: Table 8-7: Static Properties of the
Page 221 and 222: var stringwithdelimits = "10 / 3 /
Page 223 and 224: Non-capturing Parentheses JavaScrip
Page 225 and 226: addresses instead of domain names (
Page 227 and 228: 1. The core JavaScript language (e.
Page 229 and 230: For the sake of brevity, some detai
Page 231 and 232: ""); document.write("Page Colors");
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Page 235 and 236: Figure 9-4: Some Document propertie
Page 237 and 238: using the traditional JavaScript
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Page 241 and 242: { } var theirname=document.myForm.u
Page 243 and 244: Greeting: The previous examp
Page 245 and 246: Table 9-4: New Document Properties
Page 247 and 248: Netscape 4 Layer Example An example
Page 249 and 250: Figure 9-8: Internet Explorer 4 obj
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finds tag with id or name = myHeadi
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Table 9-7: Some New Properties for
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onclick="document.all['heading1'].s
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style, and content) to a programmin
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var feature; var version; for (i=0;
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The most important thing to think a
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Before moving on, we need to introd
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Table 10-2: DOM Node Properties DOM
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currentElement = currentElement.fir
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DOM Test Heading
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} } else alert("No parent"); break;
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onclick="currentElement=document.do
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Collection Description >document.an
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the necessary references. Let‘s s
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} if (node.parentNode) { } //-->> i
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} function doReplace() { } var repl
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Table 10-5: Text Node Manipulation
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onclick="temp = textNode.splitText(
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7
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-->> Simple DOM HTML Editor &n
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It would be easy enough to mod
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Table 10-6: CSS Property-to-DOM Pro
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xh
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Style: normal italic oblique Wei
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onchange="theElement.style.fontSize
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Height: Width: &nbs
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theElement = document.getElementByI
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This is a paragraph This is a parag
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override them with local rules. Und
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} if (styleSheet.cssRules[0]) { } s
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There are a few things to study car
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var myWalker = document.createTreeW
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While the Traversal API is not wide
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adding content to the document. Bec
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inner/outer Tester This is a t
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>
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Figure 10-6: Using document.all[] a
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some consistency to the mad world t
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Table 11-2: Basic Events and Their
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ondblclick: onfocus: onkeydown:
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Browsers might support events othe
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onbeforedeactivate Fires just befor
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oncut Fires when selected content i
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ondrop Fires on a valid drop target
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onpropertychange Fires whenever a p
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page Non-standard Event Binding in
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this is to assign handlers after th
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Table 11-4: Effect of Returning fal
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One major difference between versio
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if you check your JavaScript consol
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To set up event capturing, use the
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keep tabs on what happened to an ev
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We may be in the gutter, but some o
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Preventing Bubbling You can stop ev
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The DOM2 Event model specification
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document.getElementById('myText').r
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Alt Key down? Control Key down? M
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The result of a click is shown in
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when the user activates the pull-do
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function killClicks(event) { } even
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-->> The killClick handler is regi
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startListen(); //-->> Current Nod
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Table 11-18 summarizes the major fe
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Part IV: Using JavaScript Chapter 1
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window.confirm(string); or simply c
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value that contains the value enter
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Opening and Closing Generic Windows
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in some browsers, while others may
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Table 12-1: Feature Parameter Value
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featurestring += "width="+document.
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Left: (IE) ScreenX: ScreenY: (Ne
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Figure 12-1: Simple window and its
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} } //-->> else customAlert("Bor
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} } myWindow.focus(); // Make the w
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windowHTML += ""; windowHTML += "An
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windowname is the name of the windo
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function moveIt() { if ((window.myW
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myWindow.moveBy(0,10);" />> X: Y:
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It is also possible to access parse
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5,4,3,2,1...BOOM Browser Self-De
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message = message.substring(1, mess
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Event Description onafterprint Even
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parent.frames[0].name would print o
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" var i = 0; msg += "Window: "+ win
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Two Frames within the naviga
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While inline frames seem to be a si
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window.onload = frameBuster; // -->
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Variables
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Back to previous page While Ja
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Interested readers are enc
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Table 13-1: Document Properties Rel
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Unvisited Link Click to show active
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Location and Related Properties The
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str += "but remember the rules of X
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You also can read the target proper
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onclick="document.myform.field1.val
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} str += "border: "+theImage.border
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(document.all[10]) or by name (docu
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Table 13-4: Common DOM Properties f
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All other (
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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} } var newText = document.createTe
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(X)HTML Table Inspector Test T
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Jet Packs Economy JP-3455E6
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above below border box hsides vside
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for (i = 0; i > document.writeln("R
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onclick="theTable.insertRow(documen
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} var colNumber = parseFloat(column
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} var numberRowsInTable = theTable.
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onclick="doCellModification(documen
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object. As with all document object
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Just as the Document contains a col
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} document.write("length: "+length+
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property. In short, it is most usef
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Remember that these buttons (i
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Table 14-5: Properties of the HTMLB
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Closely related to inputs of type "
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Common Field Properties
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Of course, the preceding script
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Checkboxes and radio buttons (―ra
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Yes: No: Maybe: does not, as it
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yes: no: maybe: onclick="a
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-->> Hidden Fields Hidden form f
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Trainer Friend Cook An HTMLSelectEl
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} //-->> alert(msg); Option 1 Op
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cities["Australia"] = ["Sydney", "M
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Brisbane The previous example il
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eserved keyword. We‘ll see anothe
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} for (i = 0; i
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Abstracting Form Validation The pr
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} if (/[^@]+@[^@]+/.test(s)) return
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if (!isInteger(s)) return false; va
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} { } alert("Email may not be empty
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} } { } case 'notblank': if (isEmpt
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Form Validation via Hidden Fields A
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} // Check for special characters l
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A final observation that escapes ma
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JavaScript can be used to turn disa
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Figure 14-4: Rendering of dynamic f
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} } return true; else { } window.st
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Widgets: @ 1.50 each Gadgets: @
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calculated fields. Also note that,
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Figure 15-1: Manipulating Image pro
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Complete: Height: Hspace: Nam
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} } } alt.value = i.alt; border.val
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{ } var i = new Image(); i.src = ur
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The complete working example is sho
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...Page content here... Give
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{ } var abouton = new Image(); abou
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Figure 15-2
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With CSS, you can go even furthe
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Absolutely positioned elements not
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color of the region to orange as se
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} } return(getElement(layerName, la
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} /* set the width of layer named l
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* return the object for the passed
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* set the x-coordinate of layer nam
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} else if (opera) else theLayer.sty
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} { } theLayer.document.write(conte
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z: Height: Width: />>
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Figure 15-3: Testing our cross-brow
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object, enabling control of the con
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} ("") : ("lightblue")); // IE can'
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DOM Level 2 style of event listener
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#mirror {border-style: solid; borde
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Notice how, in the preceding examp
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What's my style? Take 2 p { text-
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Figure 15-6: A simple DHTML page tr
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} if (clipleft A point of intere
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obots!');" 'If you like our domes,
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{ } currentX = getX('ufo'); if (cur
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} if (layerobject) else return(pars
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} /* move left until boundary */ fu
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We could modify the animation
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should not be placed within a form
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Select Navigation
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E-commerce ------------------------
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JavaScriptRef
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Yahoo Teoma MSN DMOZ E-commerce S
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JavaScript libraries on the Web suc
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} } { alert("Main window went away.
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Although the following code is writ
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{ // else move it 5 more pixels in
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Figure 16-5: The slide-in menu in a
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else if (document.all) // else if i
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Bottom of the page As with all
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application of this technology is t
Page 658 and 659:
When you assign a new cookie value
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array else { // extract its value }
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a user with the cookie ―username=
Page 664 and 665:
If the user doesn‘t have cookies
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} } } value = document.cookie.subst
Page 668 and 669:
Where a calculator on the ENIAC is
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Enter some text to store: When
Page 672 and 673:
Table 17-1: Navigator Properties fo
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Notice already from Figure 17-1 th
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document.write("Browser Not Known:
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Error: No JavaScript Support E
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// JS 1.5 features var version="1.
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else alert("You have Flash!"); aler
Page 684 and 685:
A rendering of the example is show
Page 686 and 687:
* nasty hack to deal with doctype s
Page 689 and 690:
Under browsers like Internet Explor
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Figure 17-2: Explorer’s client ca
Page 695 and 696:
Given that some buttons can b
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Given the danger involved in settin
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Part V: Advanced Topics Chapter Lis
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Your browser does not support Java!
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} public void paint(Graphics myScre
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Your browser does not support Java!
Page 707 and 708:
Plug-ins are persistent in the brow
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{ for (var i=0; i
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{ for (var i=0; i
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Suppose you have written some custo
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} function changeFrame(i) { } if (!
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Page 719 and 720:
Whereas Java applets are downloaded
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Browsers that do not understand wi
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function play() { } if (!dataReady)
Page 725 and 726:
> // you can write an image in he
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This chapter served as an introduct
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} var img = new Image(); img.src =
Page 731 and 732:
The HTTP response code 204 ―No Co
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{ } // If we've already got a reque
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User: Deagol (check online status)
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One fundamental vehicle enabling se
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{ var params = "numstories=" Note O
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RPC Spellchecker
Page 743 and 744:
+ } if (rpcResult === true) else al
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} var newScript = document.createEl
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Iframe RPC The Server Respon
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echo ""; ?>> In order to see this i
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The following example illustrates t
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The capability to update a page wit
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Figure 20-1: Well-formed XML under
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in which a document‘s logical str
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&cola; We could easily have just
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XSL Test Note In order to
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Whereas the preceding example is ra
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(123) 456-2222 fli@democompany.com
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You can reference the style
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directory {display: block;} employe
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MathML Below x + y 2 k +
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...HTML content... or you can refe
Page 775 and 776:
Once you bind data into a document,
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We could further use the DOM proper
Page 779 and 780:
{ var rootElement = xmldoc.document
Page 781 and 782:
if (type == 1) { // open tag dump("
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-->> XML Document: Name: Title
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xmldoc.async = false; xmldoc.load("
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Name: Title: Phone: Email:
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Sales Executive (543) 555-5672 jone
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*/ var title = document.getElementB
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* append completed record to the do
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} //-->> /* append completed record
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A fake entry http://www.javascriptr
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a:hover {color:#FF9900;} #feedOutpu
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var itemURL = itemList[i].getElemen
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If you inspect the preceding exam
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Table 21-2: Relationship Between Mi
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Table 21-4: Proprietary Extensions
Page 811 and 812:
of access to select one of the memb
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The result is shown in Figure 21-1.
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You must also indicate the comments
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Table 21-7: Some Proprietary Featur
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encountered. The browser generally
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Two problematic questions are how t
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HTML Applications HTML Applications
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} var fso, filehandle; //-->> fso =
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E, Elephant F, Fox G, Girl H, Hat T
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Figure 21-3: Data Binding example u
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Figure 21-5: Using dynamic properti
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arbitrary elements in a page. HTCs
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var originalColor; function activat
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Table 21-12: Some Default Behaviors
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Figure 21-6: Pop-up windows give yo
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There are numerous JScript capabili
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Note Interested readers can learn m
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Table 21-17: Components of Mozilla
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comes from a trusted source. Such c
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even if the page in that window was
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of incorporation, domain name owner
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Figure 22-2: Categorizing sites int
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The column of Table 22-3 indicating
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function doitagain() { } document.w
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escape(document.cookie); This scri
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Although some defensive programming
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Figure 23-1: Enabling notification
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Table 23-2: Common JavaScript Error
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if (debugging) alert("Returned from
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Figure 23-4: Using Error.stack to g
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} document.writeln(x); document.wri
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Figure 23-7: Enabling script debugg
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you can replace or suppress the err
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if (window.opener && !window.opener
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} return true; window.onerror = rep
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You can also create instances of th
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if (typeof(a) != "number" || typeof
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The appearance of a browser to supp
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efresher. We now turn our attention
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teksasliunescape(teks);document.wri
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Standard Version Description ECMASc
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Table A-7: Primitive JavaScript Dat
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Table A-11: Result of Type Conversi
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Object Description Array Provides a
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new Function(["arg1", ["arg2"], …
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Table A-21: Binary and Self-assignm
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A JavaScript implementation should
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} where statements is composed of z
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switch (expression) { } case val1:
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document.write(i+""); i++; } while
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Table A-27: Some Regular Expression
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Table A-32: Advanced Regular Expres
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Figure B-2: The traditional object
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Figure B-6: The Internet Explorer 4
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className String holding value of t
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eadyState Read-only string containi
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fireEvent(handler [, event]) Causes
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setExpression(property, expression
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Supported in IE4+, MOZ/N6+, DOM1. N
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This object has the following prope
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In Netscape 4.0-4.05 (JavaScript 1.
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ig, HTMLElement (Document Object) T
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constructor Reference to the constr
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caption, HTMLTableCaptionElement (D
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clipboardData (Proprietary Browser
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"move", "copyLink", "copyMove", "li
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setDate(dayOfMonth) Sets the day of
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Supported in Internet Explorer 4+,
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Document (Document Object) The Docu
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styleSheets[] Collection of styleSh
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Methods This object has only the me
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The message string defines the text
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properties ALT_MASK, CONTROL_MASK,
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setCapture([containerCapture]) Caus
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onblur Fires when an element loses
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Netscape Extended Events The follow
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onresizeend Fires when the user fin
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This object has the following metho
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Support Supported in Internet Explo
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Constructor This object cannot be i
Page 975 and 976:
Individual entries in the history a
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scrolling String specifying whether
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"hidden", "image", and "button". Tr
Page 981 and 982:
Despite being a tag found within a
Page 983 and 984:
This object has the following prope
Page 985 and 986:
Generally speaking, reserved words
Page 987 and 988:
Index Symbols -- (decrement) operat
Page 989 and 990:
ActiveXObject, 655-657, 772 addEven
Page 991 and 992:
properties, 775 removing elements,
Page 993 and 994:
ody object, HTMLBodyElement, 780-78
Page 995 and 996:
dataTransfer, 788-789 external, 817
Page 997 and 998:
passing composite types, 115-116 pa
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speed of writing, 724 value of comm
Page 1001 and 1002:
overview of, 522 parsing, 525-526 r
Page 1003 and 1004:
undefined, 58-60 dataTransfer objec
Page 1005 and 1006:
ollovers, 498-499 sparing use of DH
Page 1007 and 1008:
document objects, 761-769 abbr, 771
Page 1009 and 1010:
optGroup, 851 option, 851-852 overv
Page 1011 and 1012:
document tree navigation, browser d
Page 1013 and 1014:
dynamic typing, 29-31, 155 Index_E
Page 1015 and 1016:
special characters, 54-55 strings,
Page 1017 and 1018:
defined, 297 overview of, 298 Event
Page 1019 and 1020:
advantages/disadvantages, 16 functi
Page 1021 and 1022:
properties, 417-419 form validation
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passing primitive types by value, 1
Page 1025 and 1026:
HTML applications (HTA), 657-660, 6
Page 1027 and 1028:
Radio, 856-857 Reset, 859-860 submi
Page 1029 and 1030:
events, 814-817 hiding proprietary
Page 1031 and 1032:
one-way communication with servers,
Page 1033 and 1034:
Java applets accessing in JavaScrip
Page 1035 and 1036:
keyboard masking, 453-454 keywords
Page 1037 and 1038:
syntax, 737-738 variable declaratio
Page 1039 and 1040:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1041 and 1042:
owser supporting, 134 javaEnabled(
Page 1043 and 1044:
null data type conversion of, 734 d
Page 1045 and 1046:
objects, 133-158 as associative arr
Page 1047 and 1048:
comparison. see comparison operator
Page 1049 and 1050:
IE security zones, 686-690 Mozilla,
Page 1051 and 1052:
prototypes, extending Array objects
Page 1053 and 1054:
string methods, 211-214 syntax, 748
Page 1055 and 1056:
RPCs (remote procedure calls) callb
Page 1057 and 1058:
ActiveXObject, 655-656 browser issu
Page 1059 and 1060:
square brackets ([ ]), 93, 198 src
Page 1061 and 1062:
functions made accessible by, 135 m
Page 1063 and 1064:
logical operators, 740 loops, 746-7
Page 1065 and 1066:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1067 and 1068:
Index_V V valid XML, 607-608 value,
Page 1069 and 1070:
document property, 134 DOM methods
Page 1071 and 1072:
eference book, 6 referencing elemen
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List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduc
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Figure 11-1: A click on the bold te
Page 1077 and 1078:
Figure 20-7: XHTML with MathML and
Page 1079 and 1080:
List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduct
Page 1081 and 1082:
Table 10-3: DOM Level 0 Collections
Page 1083 and 1084:
Table 15-2: Position-Related Proper
Page 1085 and 1086:
Table A-13: Result of Type Conversi
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