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Forest Structure biology METRICS · A typical forest canopy in the Pacific Northwest can hold 264,000 ga/ acre at one time, equivalent to 1-1/4” precipitation (Franklin et al., 1981). · The canopy layers account for about 10-20% of annual interception loss in a typical Pacific Northwest forest (Allen, 2012). Interception loss is the amount of precipitation that does not reach the ground because of interception, pooling, and eventual evaporation. Lesson for the Built Environment Photograph courtesy of David Patte, 2010 How can a building mimic the forest’s layered canopy structure, slowing, dividing, and holding raindrops as they strike multiple surfaces at varying levels? BIOLOGY The structure of the Northwest forest is made up of thousands of staggered tiers of leaves, branches, bark, mosses, downed wood, lichens, bryophytes, and other organic elements. These create a complex, multi-layered canopy which serves to intercept, divide, slow, and hold rainwater, preventing it from ever striking the forest floor. The key layers of this structure include the emergent layer, canopy layer, subcanopy layer, shrubs, and the forest floor (Dawson, 2007). Each of these strata plays a part in breaking, holding, and intercepting raindrops. FUNCTION: CASCADING SURFACES Illustration by Biomimicry Oregon, 2013 20 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED FROM PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS
Forest Structure Cascading Shading Devices inspiration Photograph by Jeff Lynch, 2014 Photograph courtesy of USEPA, 2007 What existing strategies can be modified? · Shading devices · Canopies Forest Structure Textured Flora Evergreen Needles Conifer Cones Leaves Bark Photograph courtesy of Alan Karchmer, 2013 Moss Mycorrhizae Northwest Forest \ DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED FROM PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS seedkit 21
Page 2 and 3: What can our cities become? Illustr
Page 4 and 5: “Look deep into nature, and then
Page 6 and 7: iomimicry How does nature do what i
Page 8 and 9: 8 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED F
Page 10 and 11: 10 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED
Page 12 and 13: To be determined 2025 Graphic court
Page 14 and 15: 14 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED
Page 16 and 17: Forest Structure Textured Flora Eve
Page 18 and 19: DESIGN CONCEPTS The design ideas on
Page 22 and 23: Forest Structure Cascading Shading
Page 24 and 25: Textured Flora biology METRICS · L
Page 26 and 27: Textured Flora Meandering Downspout
Page 28 and 29: Evergreen Needles biology METRICS
Page 30 and 31: Evergreen Needles Wire Sculpture ap
Page 32 and 33: Conifer Cones biology METRICS · Ab
Page 34 and 35: Conifer Cones Moisture Responsive C
Page 36 and 37: Leaves biology METRICS · Worldwide
Page 38 and 39: Leaves Flapping Fabric application
Page 40 and 41: Bark biology METRICS · An old Doug
Page 42 and 43: Bark Textured Rainscreen (Building
Page 44 and 45: Moss biology METRICS · There are a
Page 46 and 47: Moss Absorbent Rainscreen applicati
Page 48 and 49: Mycorrhizae biology METRICS · 90%
Page 50 and 51: Mycorrhizae Smart Water Systems app
Page 52 and 53: Northwest Forest biology METRICS ·
Page 54 and 55: Northwest Forest Watershed Office B
Page 56 and 57: END NOTES 2030 District-Seattle,
Page 58 and 59: CropsReview.com, “Types of Transp
Page 60 and 61: JustAnother, “Concreteblocks,”
Page 62 and 63: Schwen, Daniel, “Seattle Skyline
Page 64 and 65: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study owes a
Page 66: For additional information, Please

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