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Mycorrhizae biology METRICS · 90% of land-based plants are connected in mycorrhizal networks. Those that aren’t are typically in resource-rich ecosystems, where there is less perceived benefit, or pioneer species, where short-lived plants prepare the way for long-lived species succession (LaFantasie, 2017). · One teaspoon of healthy soil can contain several miles of hyphae, tiny, branched filaments with enormous surface area (Amaranthus, 2000). Photograph courtesy of of André-Ph. D. Picard Lesson for the Built Environment How can a building or district mimic the mycorrhizae of the forest soil, sharing information about the quality and availability of water as well as transferring the water itself? BIOLOGY Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic web of fungus and plants, where a fungus attaches to a plant’s root system. Many species are typically connected in a single mycorrhizal relationship. This relationship allows an exchange of information and resources, generating mutual benefits between fungus and plants: 1) Plants provide sugars for the fungus; the fungus provides minerals and water for the plants. Comprised of long, branching filaments, the fungus explores the soil, bringing nutrients to the stationary plant it could not otherwise reach (Kendrich & Berch, 2011). 2) If resources are available to but not needed by one plant, the network can redistribute them to a plant in need, reducing competitive differences (Wakeford, 2001, 49; Douglas, 1994). 3) Information is exchanged between plants, such as warnings about harmful fungi or invading pests, allowing non-infected plants to develop advance immune responses (Sirinathsinghji, 2013; Johnson et al., 2015). Plants in mycorrhizal networks are much more likely to survive long-term than unconnected plants because of inevitable environmental disruptions, making these communities more resilient (Allen, 1991) . Mycelial strand Absorptive hyphae Mycorrhizal root Soil mycelium MYCORRHIZA Image courtesy Brundrett, 2008 48 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED FROM PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS
Mycorrhizae Smart Water Systems inspiration Image courtesy of ioBridge, 2017 Image by 2030 District, 2017 Image by ILFI, 2016 What existing strategies can be modified? · Smart energy systems/IoT · Building automated systems · Monitors on detainment and conveyance systems · Rainwater capture and use · District-Scale Thinking Forest Structure Textured Flora Evergreen Needles Conifer Cones Leaves Bark Moss Mycorrhizae Image courtesy of IBM, 2013 Northwest Forest \ DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED FROM PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS seedkit 49
Page 2 and 3: What can our cities become? Illustr
Page 4 and 5: “Look deep into nature, and then
Page 6 and 7: iomimicry How does nature do what i
Page 8 and 9: 8 seedkit DESIGN CONCEPTS LEARNED F
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Page 12 and 13: To be determined 2025 Graphic court
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Page 16 and 17: Forest Structure Textured Flora Eve
Page 18 and 19: DESIGN CONCEPTS The design ideas on
Page 20 and 21: Forest Structure biology METRICS ·
Page 22 and 23: Forest Structure Cascading Shading
Page 24 and 25: Textured Flora biology METRICS · L
Page 26 and 27: Textured Flora Meandering Downspout
Page 28 and 29: Evergreen Needles biology METRICS
Page 30 and 31: Evergreen Needles Wire Sculpture ap
Page 32 and 33: Conifer Cones biology METRICS · Ab
Page 34 and 35: Conifer Cones Moisture Responsive C
Page 36 and 37: Leaves biology METRICS · Worldwide
Page 38 and 39: Leaves Flapping Fabric application
Page 40 and 41: Bark biology METRICS · An old Doug
Page 42 and 43: Bark Textured Rainscreen (Building
Page 44 and 45: Moss biology METRICS · There are a
Page 46 and 47: Moss Absorbent Rainscreen applicati
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Page 52 and 53: Northwest Forest biology METRICS ·
Page 54 and 55: Northwest Forest Watershed Office B
Page 56 and 57: END NOTES 2030 District-Seattle,
Page 58 and 59: CropsReview.com, “Types of Transp
Page 60 and 61: JustAnother, “Concreteblocks,”
Page 62 and 63: Schwen, Daniel, “Seattle Skyline
Page 64 and 65: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study owes a
Page 66: For additional information, Please

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