lcc liberal arts studies / 2010 volume iii - LCC International University

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12 RAJA S. TANAS / RESPONSES TO CULTURAL HOMOGENY: THE CASE OF PALESTINE 13 states that once made up the eastern homeland of the Arabs. In 1920, the League of Nations assigned Palestine, Transjordan and Iraq to a British mandate, while France received Syria and Lebanon. The mandate power was to administer these newly created countries until they were strong enough to establish their own governments and infrastructures. All of these newly created Arab states received their independence between 1920 and 1971 as Britain and France had promised them. This was true except for Palestine. Upon the termination of the British mandate in 1948, more than threequarters (close to 78%) of Palestine was transformed from an Arab-Palestinian state into a European Jewish state that was named Israel. How did this come about? The British Mandate in Palestine The British mandate over Palestine began in 1920. The British government introduced a policy of allowing European Jews to immigrate to Palestine in keeping with the intent of the Balfour Declaration. Over a period of 28 years (1920-1948), the Jewish presence in Palestine increased from about 3 percent to 31 percent, while Jewish land ownership increased from less than 2 percent to approximately 7 percent. The Palestinian Arab population became alarmed of the British policy regarding the influx of European Jewish immigrants into Palestine. Fierce fighting between the native Arab Palestinians and European Jews erupted as early as 1921 and lasted through February 1949. Just a few months before the termination of the British mandate in Palestine, the newly formed United Nations recommended the partition of Palestine into two states; one state to remain Arab Palestinian and the other state to become Jewish. A civil war began immediately after the partition plan was announced on November 29, 1947. The result was the creation of yet another state in the Middle East, called Israel, on May 15, 1948. The June 1967 War On June 5, 1967, Israel waged a preemptive war against its Arab neighbors. The result was the occupation of the remainder of Palestine, the Syrian Golan Heights and Sinai. Israel returned Sinai to Egypt in 1979 as a result of the Camp David Accords, while it annexed the Syrian Golan Heights to itself in 1981. After the 1967 war, Israel began to create settlements (in Arabic “Musta'marat” or colonies) for Jewish newcomers from all over the world on land confiscated from the native Arab Palestinians. LCC / LIBERAL ARTS STUDIES / 2010
RAJA S. TANAS / RESPONSES TO CULTURAL HOMOGENY: THE CASE OF PALESTINE Discouraged that no Arab regimes offered to help them liberate their homeland, the Palestinians launched the first Intifada in December 1987. It lasted until September 13, 1993, when the Oslo Accords were signed at the White House under the auspices of the U.S. Clinton Administration. Despite the ongoing peace process, Israel continued its policy of land confiscation, demolition of Palestinian homes, and the building of settlements. Just last month, for example, Israel announced the building of yet another settlement comprising of at least 1,600 residential units in Arab East Jerusalem on land confiscated from the native Arab Palestinians. You may remember that Israel's decision to build the new settlement coincided with the visit of Joe Biden, U.S. Vice President, to Jerusalem. Hillary Clinton, the U.S. Secretary of State, described the decision as “insulting.” And on March 26, Ban Ki-Moon, the U.N. Secretary-General, reiterated that all Israeli “settlements are illegal under international law.” Meanwhile, Israel continued to offer immediate citizenship to any Jews who wanted to move in. This offer has been accepted by hundreds of thousands of Jews. For example, after the collapse of the former Soviet Union and during the decade of the 1990s, more than 1 million Russian Jews settled in Israel. In the aftermath of the tragic events of September 11, many voices, within and outside the United States, argued that the healing of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict was central to winning the war on terror. Just last month, for example, and before the U.S. Committee on the Senate Armed Services, General David Petraeus, the commander of the U.S. Central Command, declared without hesitation that the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is “the root cause of instability” in the Middle East that played into the hands of terrorists including al-Qaeda. Yet in the months and years after 9/11, the U.S. Bush administration maintained its stance of diplomatic disengagement from the conflict. At the present time violence on both sides has grown to a level that was not seen previously in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The most recent Israeli incursion into Gaza claimed the lives of more than 1,400 Palestinians and 13 Israelis. To the European and, now non-European Zionist Jews who continue to build their state in Palestine, Palestine is the Land of Biblical Israel. They believe that they have the right to ownership of every inch of the land. It is the land where their ancestors lived more than 3,000 years ago and is the very land that they believe God has promised to them as recorded in the pages of the Bible. Jews received sympathy from western countries for there was a great deal of shared guilt over the Holocaust. This LCC / LIBERAL ARTS STUDIES / 2010 13
Page 1 and 2: LCC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY LCC LI
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS RAJA S. TANAS 7 R
Page 5 and 6: FORWARD Living in the world of jean
Page 7 and 8: RESPONSES TO CULTURAL HOMOGENY: THE
Page 9 and 10: RAJA S. TANAS / RESPONSES TO CULTUR
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Page 18 and 19: 18 PRABHU GUPTARA / THE BUSINESS CO
Page 25 and 26: A NEED FOR ORDER AND DIVERSITY: HOM
Page 27 and 28: MICHELE HERSHBERGER / A NEED FOR OR
Page 37 and 38: PRAXIS IN PRESERVING NATIONAL IDENT
Page 39 and 40: GERI HENDERSON / PRAXIS IN PRESERVI
Page 45: GERI HENDERSON / PRAXIS IN PRESERVI
Page 48 and 49: 48 ZITA DARGUÞYTË / JEWISH ROOTS
Page 55 and 56: LIFELONG LEARNING - UNMASKING NEW C
Page 57 and 58: ALEKSANDRA ÐVEC, MARGARITA PAVLOVI
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ALEKSANDRA ÐVEC, MARGARITA PAVLOVI
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ALEKSANDRA ÐVEC, MARGARITA PAVLOVI
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68 HENRIKAS ÞUKAUSKAS / SEARCHING
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REACTIONS ON CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS
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URSULA GLIENECKE / REACTIONS ON CUL
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88 RITA VAIÈEKAUSKAITË / NEGALËS
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