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a treatment with 100 per cent RDF (20:26.2:16.6 kg NPK/ha) was also taken (given below). Experiment was conducted in UV protectant black polythene bags (8 kg capacity, 20 cm wide and 30 cm high, 1 cm deep gusseted type) on soybean (cultivar, JS 93-05) using factorial completely randomized design (210) in three replications. T1 = Absolute control T2 = AMF @ 1000 IP per pot through mixing T3 = Bradyrhizobium japonicum, 5a @ 5 g per kg seed as seed treatment T4 = Bradyrhizobium liaoningense, 17c @ 5 g per kg seed as seed treatment T5 = Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) @ 20:26.2:16.6 kg NPK per ha T6 = T2 + T3 + T4 T7 = 50 per cent of RDF + T2 T8 = 50 per cent of RDF + T3 T9 = 50 per cent of RDF + T4 T10 = 50 per cent of RDF + T2 + T3 + T4 AM inoculation @ 50 g crude soil mixed AM inoculum consisting of 1000 IP (mixed native AMF culture, G. intraradices; G. mosseae; G. geosporum) containing roots bits, and hyphal and mycelial mass per pot was inoculated by layering method just below the seeds. Bradyrhizobial cultures were grown in YEM broth and mixed with sterilized charcoal power (CFU 10 9 /g) and inoculated as seed treatment @ 5 g per kg seed of soybean cultivar JS 93-05 in shade just before sowing. Field trial Field trial on soybean (cultivar JS 93-05) was conducted at Experimental 42 Research Farm, ICAR-IISR, Indore using eight treatments comprised of one native bradyrhizobia (B. japonicum, 5a), AMF singly and in combination with and without 50 per cent recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF); uninoculated control and a treatment with 100 per cent RDF (@ 20:26.2:16.6 kg NPK per ha was also taken. Each treatment plot measuring 3.6 m 6 m (21.6 m 2 ) was randomly allocated in completely randomized block in three blocks per replications on soybean (cultivar, JS 93-05) as follows. T1 = T2 = T3 = T4 = T5 = T6 = T7 = T8 = Absolute control AMF @ 2000 propagules per sq. meter applied in furrows during sowing Bradyrhizobium strain (5a) @ 5 g per kg seed as seed treatment Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) @ 20:26.2:16.6 kg NPK per ha T2 + T3 50 % of RDF + T2 50 per cent of RDF + T3 50 per cent of RDF + T2 + T3 AM inoculation @ 100 g crude inoculum consisting of 2000 IP (mixed native AMF culture, (Glomus intraradices; G. mosseae; G. geosporum) containing roots bits and hyphal and mycelial mass per m 2 was inoculated in furrows at the time of sowing just below the seeds. Rhizobial inoculation was done as described in microcosm trial. Growing conditions and measurements Plants of both the trials were grown under ambient atmosphere conditions(monsoon season) for 90 days after germination with a mean temperature
of 34 0 C and relative humidity 80 per cent. Plants were watered regularly as and when required. Nodulation parameters (nodules/ plant, nodule dry weight and total N content) were recorded and analyzed at 50 per cent flowering stage. The plants were harvested at maturity (90 days after germination) and rhizosphere soil and root samples were subjected to AM spore density, soil enzymes, mycorrhizal root colonization and grain yield per plant. The nodules were dried at 70C for 96 h until constant weight attained. Dried nodules were used for N analysis by the method of Micro-Kjeldahl‘s apparatus method. Available phosphorus in soil was determined by sodium bicarbonate extraction method (Olsen et al., 1954). Organic carbon in soil was determined according to modified (1934) and Black method as described by Jackson (1967). Acid and alkaline phosphatases activity in soil was determined colorimetrically using Acetate buffer (for acid phosphatase) and Borax-NaOH buffer (for alkaline phosphatase) by the method of (Tabatabai and Bremner, 1969). Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity was determined by the method of Aseri and Tarafdar (2006). The soil dehydrogenase activity was determined by the method of Cassida (1977). The mycorrhizal colonization in roots was determined after digesting and clearing the roots in acid (0.05 %) fuschin in lactoglycerol (Philips and Hayman, 1970) and extent of colonization in stained roots was determined by the frequency distribution method of Baermann and Linderman (1981). The grain yield, nodulation and nodule dry mass data of soybean from different treatments of both the trials were also recorded Statistical analyses The data of other parameters were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SAS Institute Inc., 1991). Data from microcosm trial was analysed using one factor (treatments of sterilized/unsterilized) and two factor (treatments and soil conditions) ANOVA. The least significant difference (LSD) of Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the treatment means using Costat statistical software (Cohort Berkeley, Calif.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect on nodulation, yield and nutrient uptake The inoculation of Bradyrhizobium (both the isolates) and AMF at 50 per cent fertilizers produced significantly higher nodules, nodule dry weight and grain yield as compared to control plants (Fig. 1). In general, nodulation and grain yield observed in inoculated plants was found to be comparable with plants grown with 100 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). The two-way ANOVA analysis carried out using two factors (soil conditions-sterilized/un-sterilized and treatments) revealed that interaction effect of soil conditions and inoculation treatment was significant for nodulation and yield. Irrespective of treatment combinations, significantly higher nodules number was recorded in plants grown in sterilized soil, whereas the nodule dry mass and grain yield 43
Page 1 and 2: ISSN 0973-1830 Volume 14, Number 2
Page 3 and 4: SOYBEAN RESEARCH ISSN 0973-1830 Vol
Page 5 and 6: Soybean Research 14(2): 01-13 (2016
Page 7 and 8: Table 1. Nutrient composition (valu
Page 9 and 10: 100-green seed weight (49.9 g) and
Page 11 and 12: Training was provided through NGO p
Page 13 and 14: estimated using combined analysis.
Page 15 and 16: AGS 447 and AGS 457 in a taste surv
Page 17 and 18: Takahashi Y and Ohyama T. 2011. Pro
Page 19 and 20: eached to about 81,4435 ha in 2013
Page 21 and 22: 2. Soybean seeds were sown in both
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Effect of ridge width, cro
Page 25 and 26: Table 3. Effect of ridge width, cro
Page 27 and 28: and seed yields per ha were affecte
Page 29 and 30: number of branches per plant, pod a
Page 31 and 32: cv. Giza 35 to increase dry matter
Page 33 and 34: increased total and net returns com
Page 35 and 36: Metwally A A. 1999. Intensive coppi
Page 37 and 38: (Salvagiotti et al., 2009). Biologi
Page 39 and 40: Table 1. Effect of land configurati
Page 41 and 42: increasing levels of nitrogen and t
Page 45: conditions (Ruiz-Lozano et al., 200
Page 49 and 50: Nodule N (%) Grain yield g/plant) N
Page 51 and 52: 140 120 100 Nodules/plant Nodule dr
Page 53 and 54: of AMF, which necessitates experime
Page 55 and 56: Biermann B and Linderman R G. 1981.
Page 57 and 58: Tabatabai M A and J M Bremner. 1969
Page 59 and 60: N:P 2O 5:K per ha (Patil and Purani
Page 61 and 62: available nitrogen content was reco
Page 63 and 64: lowest value in control (Table 2).
Page 65 and 66: the crop. These results corroborate
Page 69 and 70: the use of a variety by any person
Page 71 and 72: objection is received, the variety
Page 73 and 74: Table 1 contd. S. No. Name of varie
Page 75 and 76: Table 2. DUS Characteristics of pro
Page 77 and 78: Table 2. Contd S. No. Varieties DUS
Page 79 and 80: and are easily available. The varie
Page 83 and 84: Table 2. Estimates of variability p
Page 85 and 86: Table 4. Phenotypic path coefficien
Page 87 and 88: Shivakumar M, Basavaraja G T, Salim
Page 89 and 90: available phosphorus (24.89 and 23.
Page 91 and 92: attributes may be the result of red
Page 95 and 96: productivity. This will help increa
Page 97 and 98:
Growth rate The analysis on growth
Page 99 and 100:
Table 5. Estimates of variability i
Page 101 and 102:
Society for Soybean Research and De
Page 103 and 104:
MS must be original and contribute
Page 105 and 106:
Short research notes They should no
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