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INDUSTRY INSIGHTS Dr. Emma Grace is a Department Faculty at The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington, DC Campus. She is a Chair of numerous dissertation committees and teaches doctoral level courses in international psychology. Internationalizing Psychology to Address Global Needs BY DR. EMMA GRACE Psychology has long been viewed as an amenity for privileged class and labeled as a Western discipline that is inappropriate and ineffective in non-Western social context. Although from its inception, psychology aimed to study various cultural groups and contexts, such attempts were short-lived. While the founder of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, published his fundamental work entitled Elements of Folk Psychology in 1916 (Wundt, 1916), his attempts to widen the cultural scope of psychological inquiry did not find much support throughout the 20th century (Heine, 2012). Despite the efforts in several subfields of psychology, such as cross-cultural, cultural, and indigenous psychologies, to challenge this status quo, the mainstream psychology mostly remained indifferent to studying populations outside the Western hemisphere (Berry, 2013; Heine, 2012). The call for internationalization of psychology urged to address three major imperatives: moral, intellectual, and professional (van de Vijver, 2013). These imperatives reflected the ethical responsibility of psychology to include in its research the populations that have never been studied before so that they too can benefit from evidence-based psychological services. According to van de Vijver (2013), internationalization of psychology is an irreversible process and it must continue to develop further if we want psychology to be a better science that is more inclusive and universally applicable. This call has been answered when the first doctoral program in International Psychology was launched in the United States, at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology. The graduates of this program have conducted numerous dissertation research studies worldwide. Most of those studies tackled the issues that have never been studied before or were understudied. The wide variety of research topics included war, genocide, displacement, gender-based violence, moral trauma and akrasia, albinism, and other issues. The research data were collected in Iraq, Kuwait, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, South Africa, Cameroon, Dominica, Costa Rica, India, Australia, and many other countries. These studies helped to overcome a sample and population biases of mainstream psychology by conducting research in underrepresented countries and including social groups that have not been previously studied. Utilizing various research methods, such as a mixed methods design, grounded theory, netnography, photovoice, and other approaches, these studies addressed a method bias of mainstream psychology that has traditionally been utilizing quantitative research methods. The process of internationalizing psychology will continue further as more international psychologists are now working to advance the field. There is a need for more bilingual and multilingual researchers in the field of international psychology who could conduct data collection in the native language of research participants. This would help address the language barriers that affect the validity of research results, despite all efforts to prevent the linguistic bias using back translation 20 University Magazine, VIU Summer 2017
VIU.EDU and other techniques. This would also increase publication of psychological research findings in multiple languages, as the monolingual psychologists have limited knowledge of foreign psychologies due to the language barriers. Furthermore, there should be more research conducted with vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly, incarcerated people, indigenous populations, ethnic and religious minorities. Across countries, these populations have been most affected by transgenerational issues such as complex trauma, poverty, discrimination, and violence that have been perpetuating throughout human history. Over a century ago Wundt (1916) wrote that “Naturally, the will does not become an influence definitely affecting the course of events until individuals have become consciously aware of the interconnectedness of historical life” (Wundt, 1916, p. 514). Therefore, it is important that international psychology utilizes the historical perspective when studying psychological phenomena to overcome these perpetuating issues in future. It has been my great pleasure to learn about Virginia International University last year when I presented at two conferences organized by School of Public and International Affairs and School of Education. This article serves as a reminiscence of my presentation on internationalization of psychology. References Berry, J.W. (2013). Global psychology. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(4), 391–401. DOI: 10.1177/0081246313504517 Heine, J. S. (2012). Cultural Psychology. New York: W.W. Norton. van de Vijver (2013). Contributions of internationalization to psychology: Toward a global and inclusive discipline. American Psychologist, 68(8). 761-770. Wundt, V. (1916). Elements of Folk Psychology. London: George Allen And Unwin Ltd. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/ elementsoffolkps014744mbp COLOR PSYCHOLOGY COLORS AND MEANINGS Why do we often associate color with the science of psychology? Colors play a major part in affecting our behavior. Even the 7 sins are seen in color: green with envy, red for lust, etc. We can associate every color with a specific mood or energy because of psychology. Everyone’s perception of colors is different and is dependent on environment, gender, age, experiences, religion, nationality. For example, native tribes living in the jungle have an entirely different perception of the color green than people raised in big cities. The combo of red and yellow together is shown to trigger hunger and is widely used by the fast food industry. COLOR PSYCHOLOGY AS THERAPY RED was used to stimulate the body and mind and to increase circulation. BLUE was believed to soothe illnesses and treat pain. Ancient civilizations including the Egyptians and Chinese practiced chromotherapy, or the use of colors to heal. Chromotherapy is sometimes referred to as light therapy or colorology and is still used today in a holistic healing manner. Art therapy is also widely used as a healing tool bringing the belief that art is life enhancing. ORANGE was used to heal the lungs and to increase energy levels. YELLOW was thought to stimulate the nerves and purify the body. Summer 2017 University Magazine, VIU 21
Page 1 and 2: MAGAZINE ISSUE 8 JUST WHAT IS ASSES
Page 3 and 4: VIU.EDU Summer 2017 CONTENTS FEATUR
Page 5 and 6: WELCOME TO READERS VIU.EDU LETTER F
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Page 11 and 12: VIU.EDU THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY
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Page 15 and 16: INDUSTRY INSIGHTS VIU.EDU INDUSTRY
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Page 23 and 24: VIU.EDU AT-A-GLANCE BY CHRISTINA KO
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Page 34 and 35: INDUSTRY INSIGHTS Rebecca Yu is the
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Page 38 and 39: INTERNATIONAL INSPIRATION Love is..
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