Teach Yourself Borland C++ in 14 Days - portal

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422 Day 11 Deleting Previously Deleted Pointers Deleting a pointer that has already been deleted will result in a GPF. The advice given for working with uninitialized pointers applies here as well: Set any deleted pointers to NULL or 0. In C++ it is perfectly safe to delete a NULL pointer. By setting your deleted pointers to NULL, you ensure that no ill effects will occur if you accidentally delete the pointer a second time. Array Overwrites Overwriting the end of an array can cause a GPF. In some cases the overwritten memory may not be critical, and the problem might not show up right away, but some time later the program crashes. When that happens you will likely be looking for a bug at the point where the program crashed when the actual problem occurred in a completely different part of the program. In other cases, the memory tromped on is critical, and the program GPFs immediately. In extreme cases you may even crash Windows. Check all arrays to be sure you are not overwriting the end of the array. GPF on Program Termination When a program GPFs on normal shutdown, it is usually an indication that the stack size is set too small. Although this is not likely in a 32-bit program, it could happen under extreme circumstances. A GPF on program termination can also be caused by deleting an already deleted pointer, as I’ve discussed. Debug Quick Tips In addition to the many tips offered on the preceding pages, you might want to implement some of these: ■ For quick inspection of a variable without using breakpoints, change the form’s Caption property to display the variable in question. Because placing a Label component on a form is so easy, you could use a label, too. Change the text in the label to show the value of a variable or any other information you might want to display. ■ To slow down your program temporarily (possibly to view program effects in slow motion), enable a conditional breakpoint or a data watch breakpoint. These breakpoints slow down program execution while they check the condition of the breakpoint. ■ Use the Evaluate/Modify dialog box to temporarily change the value of a variable at runtime. This will allow you to view the effects that different values have on your program without recompiling your code each time.
Using the Debugger ■ Ordinarily you cannot use Trace Into with inline functions. To be able to trace into inline functions, you can turn on the Disable Inline Expansions option. Turn off the option again before your final build. ■ To inspect the class that the debugger is currently stopped in, choose Run | Inspect from the main menu and enter this in the Expression field. ■ Use MessageBeep(-1) as an audible indicator that a certain point in your program has been reached. This Windows API function beeps the PC speaker when called with a parameter of -1. ■ You can stop an errant debuggee by choosing Run | Program Reset from the main menu or by pressing Ctrl+F2. ■ Use temporary variables to break down long equations or chained function calls so that you can examine the results in more manageable pieces. ■ Use the MessageBox() function to display program tracing information. Summary Debugging is a never-ending task. Debugging means more than just tracking down a bug in your program. Savvy programmers learn to use the debugger from the outset of a new project. The debugger is a development tool as well as a bug-finding tool. After today, you should at least have a basic understanding of how to use the debugger. You will still have to spend a lot of time actually using the debugger before you are proficient at it, but you’ve now got a place to start. Workshop The Workshop contains quiz questions to help you solidify your understanding of the material covered and exercises to provide you with experience in using what you have learned. You can find answers to the quiz questions in Appendix A, “Answers to Quiz Questions.” Q&A Q My program used to run at regular speed when I ran it from the IDE. Now it’s as slow as molasses in January. Why is that? A More than likely you’ve got either a large number of breakpoints that you have disabled and forgotten about, or one or more conditional breakpoints in your code. Go to the breakpoint list and delete any breakpoints you are not currently using. Also, be sure you do not have a lot of variables listed in the Watch List. 423 11
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At a Glance At A Glance WEEK 1 In W
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Day 1 Getting Your Feet Wet Week Ge
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Getting Your Feet Wet are divided i
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Getting Your Feet Wet but you need
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Getting Your Feet Wet An object, li
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Getting Your Feet Wet In some progr
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Listing 1.3. WRAPME.CPP. Getting Yo
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NEW TERM Figure 1.5. Anatomy of a f
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Day 2 Wading In Deeper Wading In De
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SYNTAX ▼ ▼ TIP TIP Wading In De
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SYNTAX Wading In Deeper immediately
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Listing 2.1. FORLOOP.CPP. Wading In
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SYNTAX ▼ ▲ SYNTAX ▼ ▲ The w
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Wading In Deeper for (int i=0;i
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▲ default: dflt_statements; break
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Day 3 Up to Your Neck in C++ Up to
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Up to Your Neck in C++ In this case
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Up to Your Neck in C++ Figure 3.1.
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Up to Your Neck in C++ If you are a
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Totally Immersed: C++ Classes and O
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Exercises C++ Class Frameworks and
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Working with the Form Designer and
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In Review In Review WEEK 1 You cove
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In Review displayed based on user i
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At a Glance At A Glance WEEK 2 Are
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Day 8 VCL Components VCL Components
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VCL Components C++Builder displays
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VCL Components Important Common Pro
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Cursors VCL Components The Cursor p
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VCL Components You can set this pro
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Day 9 Creating Applications in C++B
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Figure 9.1. The Object Repository w
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Creating Applications in C++Builder
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TIP Creating Applications in C++Bui
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More on Projects Day 10 More on Pro
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More on Projects The only time this
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More on Projects Table 10.1. The Pr
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■ Forms ■ Application ■ C++
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Building Internet Applications Day
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Quiz Building Internet Applications
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C++Builder Extensions to C++ Day 14
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C++Builder Extensions to C++ compil
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In Review In Review WEEK 2 Wow, tha
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Answers to Quiz Questions APPENDIX
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Day 3 Day 4 Answers to Quiz Questio
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Day 10 Answers to Quiz Questions 1.
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Symbols & (ampersands), 246 © (cop
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C C (programming language), 132 C c
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File Save, 309-312 Find/Replace, 31
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Insert Template, 248 Object Reposit
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Cascade( ), 198 Close( ), 198 Close
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object-oriented programming, see OO
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protected member functions, 106 pro
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A V I A C O M S E R V I C E The Inf
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Component Palette Quick Reference S
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Add to Your Sams Library Today with
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Overview Introduction Introduction
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Introduction VCL Explored .........
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