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78 Day 3 Listing 3.2. continued 52: for (int i=0;i
Up to Your Neck in C++ Although it might appear that references are preferred over pointers, that is not the case. References have some peculiarities that make them unsuitable in many cases. For one thing, references cannot be declared and then later assigned a value. They must be initialized when declared. For instance, the following code snippet will result in a compiler error: MyStruct* pStruct = new MyStruct; MyStruct& ref; ref = *pStruct; ref.X = 100; Another problem with references is that they cannot be set to 0 or NULL as pointers can. That means you’ll have to take special care to ensure that a reference is not deleted twice. References and pointers can often serve the same purpose, but neither is perfect in every programming situation. Passing Function Parameters by Reference and by Pointer Earlier I talked about passing objects to functions by value. I said that in the case of structures and classes, it is usually better to pass those objects by reference rather than by value. Any object can be passed by reference. This includes the primitive data types such as int and long, as well as instances of a structure or class. To review, when you pass function parameters by value, a copy of the object is made, and the function works with the copy. When you pass by reference, a pointer to the object is passed and not the object itself. This has two primary implications. First, it means that objects passed by reference can by modified by the function. Second, passing by reference eliminates the overhead of creating a copy of the object. The fact that an object can be modified by the function is the most important aspect of passing by reference. Take this code, for instance: void IncrementPosition(int& xPos, int& yPos) { xPos++; yPos++; } int x = 20; int y = 40; IncrementPosition(x, y); // x now equals 21 and y equals 41 Notice that when the function returns, both of the parameters passed have been incremented by one. This is because the function is modifying the actual object via the pointer (remember that a reference is a type of pointer). 79 3
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At a Glance At A Glance WEEK 1 In W
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Day 1 Getting Your Feet Wet Week Ge
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Getting Your Feet Wet are divided i
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Getting Your Feet Wet but you need
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NOTE Getting Your Feet Wet In order
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NOTE Getting Your Feet Wet In C++,
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Getting Your Feet Wet An object, li
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Getting Your Feet Wet In some progr
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Listing 1.3. WRAPME.CPP. Getting Yo
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Getting Your Feet Wet Operator Desc
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NEW TERM Figure 1.5. Anatomy of a f
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SYNTAX ▼ ▲ Getting Your Feet We
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C++ Class Frameworks and the Visual
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Figure 5.1. The Object Inspector wi
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Exercises C++ Class Frameworks and
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Figure 6.18. The About box for the
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Quiz The C++Builder IDE Explored: P
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Working with the Form Designer and
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In Review In Review WEEK 1 You cove
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In Review displayed based on user i
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At a Glance At A Glance WEEK 2 Are
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Day 8 VCL Components VCL Components
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VCL Components C++Builder displays
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VCL Components Important Common Pro
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Cursors VCL Components The Cursor p
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Figure 8.2. The Object Inspector sh
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VCL Components You can set this pro
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VCL Components Method Description I
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VCL Components Similarly, when the
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VCL Components or load the Memo wit
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VCL Components You can use owner-dr
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VCL Components Property Applies To
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VCL Components for buttons that are
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VCL Components property set to true
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VCL Components The GroupIndex Prope
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VCL Components The Font dialog box
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Day 9 Creating Applications in C++B
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Figure 9.1. The Object Repository w
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Creating Applications in C++Builder
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TIP Creating Applications in C++Bui
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Figure 9.4. The Object Repository c
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Summary Creating Applications in C+
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More on Projects Day 10 More on Pro
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More on Projects The only time this
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TIP More on Projects You can add mo
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More on Projects Table 10.1. The Pr
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Figure 10.6. The Project Explorer s
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■ Forms ■ Application ■ C++
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Using the Debugger Day 11 Using the
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CPU View Using the Debugger The CPU
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C++Builder Database Architecture Da
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Building Internet Applications Day
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C++Builder Extensions to C++ Day 14
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C++Builder Extensions to C++ compil
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In Review In Review WEEK 2 Wow, tha
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Answers to Quiz Questions APPENDIX
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Day 3 Day 4 Answers to Quiz Questio
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Day 10 Answers to Quiz Questions 1.
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Symbols & (ampersands), 246 © (cop
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C C (programming language), 132 C c
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File Save, 309-312 Find/Replace, 31
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Insert Template, 248 Object Reposit
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Cascade( ), 198 Close( ), 198 Close
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object-oriented programming, see OO
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protected member functions, 106 pro
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A V I A C O M S E R V I C E The Inf
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Component Palette Quick Reference S
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Add to Your Sams Library Today with
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Overview Introduction Introduction
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Introduction VCL Explored .........
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