Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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The 8K78 71 The Ye-6 lander 73 Dishes at Yevpatoria 76 Georgi Babakin 80 Luna mid-course correction 82 Zond 3 83 Zond 3 over Mare Orientale 84 Lunar map after Zond 3 85 Arnold Selivanov 89 Luna 9 cabin on the moon's surface 89 Luna 9 camera system 90 Luna 9 first image 91 Luna 9, panoramas 1, 2, 3 92 Luna 13 93 Luna 13 images 94 Luna 13 silhouettes 96 Luna 10 97 Luna 10 enters lunar orbit 99 Luna 10 cabin 100 Luna 11, 12 design 102 Luna 12 images 103 Soviet lunar map 104 Luna 10 and mother ship 106 Diagram of Luna 14 107 Proton rocket 112 RD-253 113 Mstislav Keldysh 118 Spurring people on - Korolev in 1964 121 The N-1 engine system 122 N-1 pads under construction 124 The Soyuz spacecraft 130 Soyuz spacecraft rendezvous, docking system 132 Vladimir Komarov and his friend Yuri Gagarin 133 Cosmonaut Valeri Kubasov in Zond simulator 135 The skip trajectory 136 Rendezvous in Earth orbit 140 The LK 145 LK hatch 146 LK inside 146 LK ladder 146 LK window 147 Cosmonaut on the lunar surface 150 Or/an, descendant of the Kretchet 151 Tracking ship Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin 154 Early Soviet cosmonauts, Sochi, 1961 156 Chief designer Valentin Glushko with cosmonauts 157 Yuri Gagarin at home 158 Yuri Gagarin with Valentina Tereshkova 160 Sergei Korolev with Konstantin Feoktistov 161
Page 2: Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploratio
Page 6: Brian Harvey 2 Rathdown Crescent Te
Page 10: 3 Planning the lunar landing 45 Vos
Page 14: 8 Return to the moon 287 After N-l:
Page 18: Prologue Siberia, summer of 1976. N
Page 22: Although the United States Apollo p
Page 28: Cosmonaut Valentin Yershov, lunar n
Page 32: Tables and maps TABLES 2.1 Plans fo
Page 36: LK Luna Korab/; Luniy Korab/ (lunar
Page 40: Mikhail Tikhonravov Sergei Korolev
Page 44: in February 1956. Most of those att
Page 48: launched over 1933-5. The Moscow gr
Page 52: system. Rocketry was little encoura
Page 56: top rocket experts to Germany to pi
Page 60: end in the Syr Darya river, deep in
Page 64: 2 The first moon probes Sputnik cha
Page 68: The first Sputnik made a deep impac
Page 72: An upper stage: enter Semyon Kosber
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Burn times Burn time block A Burn t
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Only hours apart: the moon race, au
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FIRST COSMIC SHIP Undeterred though
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Instruments on the First, Second Co
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Following the First Cosmic Ship The
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one was not ready until the summer.
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Cosmic Ship had been a fraud, or 'a
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The Automatic Interplanetary Statio
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of failure. They had good reason to
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Automatic Interplanetary Station -
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uild crude spacecraft on big dumb b
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This ended the early moon programme
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possibilities explored during this
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Soyuz complex - first block design
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First flights were set for 1964 wit
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Nikolayev, Popovich return in trium
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The Americans want to land a man on
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Vladimir Chelomei Some of the missi
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Whatever the mixed circumstances, t
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Mikhail Tikhonravov at retirement W
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RD-270 engine Length Diameter Press
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N-1, or one that could later be ado
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Vladimir Chelomei and Mstislav Keld
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4 The soft-landers and orbiters Wit
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A The 8K78 block L came in. Block L
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The Ye-6 lander surface. A boom on
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lunar surface, photographs would be
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Luna 4 and the 1963, 1964 rounds of
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ackground was not propitious, for t
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course correction (up to 130m/sec)
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Zond 3
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Lunar map after Zond 3 features of
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KOROLEV DIES: THE MISHIN SUCCESSION
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Arnold Selivanov Luna 9 was down in
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Luna 9 first image was a radiation
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Luna 13 desolation. Luna 9 had done
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Table 4.1. Key events in the progra
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Luna 10 Although the Ye-7 photograp
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Luna 10 enters lunar orbit the Sea
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THE LUNAR PHOTOGRAPHY MISSIONS Now
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Luna 12 images lunar orbiters and d
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Ye-6 series: instruments specified
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Diagram of Luna 14 in a highly irre
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[4] Clark, Phillip S.: Masses of So
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Proton rocket Chelomei's moon rocke
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Russian rockets are limited to a di
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THE ROCKET FOR THE LANDING: THE N-l
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Mstislav Keldysh The N-1 was origin
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of people in Kyubyshev, Moscow, Dne
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The N-1 engine system In an effort
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of being wholly unrealistic. The pl
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them on a visit to Samara and could
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Korolev devoted considerable energi
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As the launch date drew near, there
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Vladimir Komarov and his friend Yur
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Cosmonaut Valeri Kubasov in Zond si
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was difficult to escape in the ocea
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orbital insertion, 188 was only 24
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The spaceship for orbiting the moon
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With the LK down on the surface, th
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The LK of the N-1 rocket would burn
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LK window burn would be done by blo
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the Soviet aviation industry, milit
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Orlan, descendant of the Kretchet
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The operations on the moon would co
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Although no cosmonaut ever did make
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Chief designer Valentin Glushko wit
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This group was selected for the fli
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Sergei Korolev with Konstantin Feok
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Russia's moon team: selection for a
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First group of six: Yuri Gagarin, V
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The moon teams: Moon Team 2: Valeri
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COSMONAUTS SELECTED TO LAND THE LK
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went into the deserts of Somalia so
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Alexei Leonov landed in a forest in
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Oleg Makarov Americans described hi
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Nikolai Rukhavishnikov planned expe
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\ ^ i . Vitally Sevastianov RETURNI
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completely undermined anyway at the
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6 Around the moon The moon race bet
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Zond 5
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Zond 5 in the Indian Ocean Zond 5's
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Zond 6 around the moon Even as the
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Zond over Crater Tsiolkovsky times,
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Remarkably, Zond 6 images survived
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Earthrise for Zond 7 their porthole
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moon programme. Although this was n
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Lunokhod on top of Proton SOYUZ 4-5
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Yevgeni Khrunov, Alexei Yeliseyev d
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Boris Volynov Back in space, Volyno
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N-l ON THE PAD By the time of these
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preparations to send two probes to
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from one brilliant achievement to a
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touchdown, the 90 cm long drill arm
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(the one achieved after major orbit
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Following the first moon landing, t
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of the Earth's full globe over the
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L-1/Zond series: scientific outcome
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initiation down to 1,500 m over the
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match the three days of two Apollo
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Test Peroxide (HTP). Only one other
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21 Feb 1969 3 Jul 1969 27 Jun 1971
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Valentin Glushko, now chief designe
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Salyut - an alternative programme p
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• Successfully tested out its lun
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decided, in 1968, to send an Apollo
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[7] Gracieux, Serge: Le joker Sovie
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KT descent stage Engine One 11D417
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750 kg to 1,920 kg. At highest thru
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Luna 16 stage left on the moon The
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Luna 16 moonrock For NASA and Weste
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Transmash designed tanks for the Re
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To guide the route chosen, Lunokhod
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Lunokhod Weight Diameter Height Whe
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Lunokhod tracks across the moon in
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Lunokhod route-planning conference
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stop to take panoramic pictures. Fo
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End of Lunokhod journey October 197
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ten-hour shifts, 14 lunar days at a
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The drilling operation took 40 min
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Lunokhod 2 Luna 21 entered a near-c
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Lunokhod 2 wheel marks on the moon
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The journey of Lunokhod 2 lunar sur
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that there was a very weak permanen
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It was a full year before the next
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of designers of 1946. He was the co
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Luna 24 returning to the Earth Ye-8
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• Telescopes on the lunar farside
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Valeri Barsukov Despite the heat of
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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOVIET AUTOMATI
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[11] Surkov, Yuri: Exploration of t
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of no fewer than 450 sec. A lunar e
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cosmonaut at a time. As was the cas
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none progressed beyond the aspirati
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engineering and scientific sense, a
Page 618:
[8] Rebrov, Colonel M.: But this is
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298 List of all Soviet moon probes
Page 626:
300 List of all Soviet moon probes
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(1988-2003); Gordon Hooper (1990),
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Gorin, Peter A.: Rising from the cr
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Pesavento, Peter: Soviet space prog
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Wright, Pearce: Vasili Mishin - spa
Page 646:
Bogomolov, Alexei 221 Boguslavsky,
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Kennedy, John F. Moon speech, 52 Pr
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Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin Bi
Page 658:
Tikhonravov, Mikhail (cont.) Propos
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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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