Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

First Cosmic Ship, top stage
Gringauz's ion traps detected how the Sun emitted strong flows of ionized plasma.
This flow of particles was weak, about 2 particles/cm 2 /sec, because the sun was at the
low point in its cycle, but the ship's ion traps had determined the existence of a 'solar
wind'. This was one of the discoveries of the space age and Gringauz estimated that
the wind blew at 400 km/sec [5].
THE BIG RED LIE?
The First Cosmic Ship was denounced in some quarters of the Western world as a
fraud and one writer, Lloyd Malan, even wrote a book about it called The big red /ie.