Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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Tikhonravov, Mikhail (cont.) Proposals for upper stage, 19 Problem of rendezvous, 45 Problem of returning from moon, 46-7, 134 Retirement, 59 N-1, 60, 116 Idea of moon rover, 247 Tikhov, Gavril 12 Titov, Gherman, cosmonaut 156 et seq. TMK Heavy Interplanetary Ship 116 Tracking system (TsDUC) 21, 75-67, 153-4 Troitsky, Professor 248 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin 7-8 Moon film, 9 Spacesuits, 150 TsPK cosmonaut training centre 157-8 Turbolets, lunar tester 169 Tyulin, Georgi 10 Proposed as chief designer, 87 Luna 15 mission, 211-214 Ulybyshev, Y. 116 Uranus, simulator 163 UR-500 Proton rocket Proposed, 57 Description and development, 111-115 UR-700 rocket Proposed, 59 Description, 62-3 Ustinov, Dmitri 87, 139 Vanyan, L.L. 282 Varlamov, Valentin, cosmonaut 156 Vernadsky Institute 103, 179, 209, 244 Vernov, Sergei 26-7, 34 VNII Transmash 93, 247-8, 280 Volchok, simulator 163 Volkov, Vladislav, cosmonaut 161 et seq. Volna, fuel cells 142 Voloshin, Valeri, cosmonaut 159 et seq. Volynov, Boris, cosmonaut 156 et seq. Soyuz 5 199-205 Vorobyov, Lev, cosmonaut 158 et seq. Voronov, Anatoli, cosmonaut 158 et seq. Vostok Zh study 45-6 Vulkan, rocket 287-9 Yakovlev, Oleg, cosmonaut, 159 Yangel, Mikhail 55 Early life and carrer, 61-2 Cosmos satellites, 97 LK, 120 Death, 219 Yastreb, spacesuit 149, 153 Yazdovsky, Valeri, cosmonaut, 162 Ye 1-4 series 18-19 Ye-1 series 22-30 Ye-1a series 31-4 Ye-2a series 34-42 Ye-2f series 42 Ye-3 36 Ye-4 18 Ye-5 69-70 Ye-6 70, 72-5, 77-96 Ye-6M 72-5, 88 Ye-6S 97-8 Ye-6LF 101-106 Ye-6LS 106-8 Ye-7 70, 96-7, 101 Ye-8 series 197, 283 Ye-8-5 sample return 197 First launch, 207 Description, 239-240 Yegorov, Boris, Dr, cosmonaut 159 Yeliseyev, Alexei, cosmonaut 161 et seq. Soyuz 2 planned mission, 130-3 Yastreb spacesuit, 149, 199-200 Soyuz 4-5 199-205 Yenisey 2 camera system 35 Yeremenko, Nikolai 250 Yershov, Valentin, cosmonaut 161-2, 230 Young guards, cosmonaut group 155, 159 Zagorsk, test centre 123, 169, 219 Zaikin, Dmitri, cosmonaut 156 Zond, manned lunar spacecraft Origins, 129 Description, 133-7 First missions, 137-9, 141 Lunar mission profile, 192-6 Space tourism, 292 Zond 1 82, 133 Zond 2 82, 133 Zond 3 82-6, 133 Zond 4 139
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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploratio
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Brian Harvey 2 Rathdown Crescent Te
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3 Planning the lunar landing 45 Vos
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8 Return to the moon 287 After N-l:
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Prologue Siberia, summer of 1976. N
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Although the United States Apollo p
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The 8K78 71 The Ye-6 lander 73 Dish
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Lunokhod returns to landing stage 2
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Abbreviations and acronyms AIS Auto
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1 Origins of the Soviet lunar progr
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Sergei Korolev, Mstislav Keldysh Wi
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Introducing the father of the Sovie
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On rocket research into the upper l
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pad for the returning spacecraft. H
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The R-7 called a 'packet' design -
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• An academy of sciences, to prov
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Sputnik
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spacecraft be sent to the moon. One
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They were hypergolic and fired on c
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Early tracking dish, Crimea ONLY HO
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and carefully sifted for clues. Wha
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First Cosmic Ship arose from a 1956
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First Cosmic Ship, top stage Gringa
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In Britain, the director of the lar
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gammas, where a response was consid
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Sergei Vernov But 8,000 km out from
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in Leningrad in 1955. The first tra
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The station swung around the south
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Automatic Interplanetary Station ar
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Instruments of the Automatic Interp
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3 Planning the lunar landing After
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shaped acorn-like cabin. Tikhonravo
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9 S 7 6 5 Soyuz complex - second bl
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aspect of the plan. Alexander Sharg
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Joint flight to the moon proposed b
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were disputed by some Soviet scient
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of a government diktat from on high
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delayed, had a difficult design his
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the moon. The 50 tonnes were gradua
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have a thrust of 5,760 tonnes, able
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tried to mediate between Sergei Kor
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Key government and party decisions
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Ye-1 to -4 series, which was provin
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The new 8K78 rocket, including bloc
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Landing cabin Height 112 cm Base 58
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Dishes at Yevpatoria
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Once again, the block L let everyon
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Georgi Babakin health. He returned
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Luna mid-course correction Luna 6 o
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Zond 3 over Mare Orientale lines. T
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Zond 3: scientific instruments Two
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Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov described h
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Luna 9 camera system They were not.
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In minutes, the world had seen the
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Luna 13 images meter which found th
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Ye-6, -6M: scientific outcomes Luna
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design bureau in Dnepropetrovsk. It
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Luna 10 cabin The discoveries of Lu
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Luna 11, 12 design presumably this
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MiKCVTO? Ye-6LF (originally Ye-7) H
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Luna 10 and mother ship Summary of
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Ye-6S, Ye-6LF, Ye-6LS series: scien
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5 The first cosmonauts to the moon
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RD-253 with zirconium. OKB-456 deve
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Russia's UR-500K Proton Length 44.3
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The slogan of the GIRD group, writt
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Two months later, on 24th September
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Spurring people on - Korolev in 196
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Americans took a different view). K
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Engines Thrust (each) Total thrust
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to launch a very big space station.
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The Soyuz spacecraft The initial te
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Soyuz spacecraft rendezvous, dockin
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From August 1964, the Soviet lunar
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The Soviet around-the-moon mission
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Cosmos 146 was the fifth flight of
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Rendezvous in Earth orbit
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housed here, and it was from this m
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• One 11D411 RD-858 main engine w
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LK ladder
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The return-to-Earth profile was qui
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Cosmonaut on the lunar surface Unli
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during takeoff and rendezvous shoul
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Tracking ship Cosmonaut Yuri Gagari
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Early Soviet cosmonauts, Sochi, 196
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Yuri Gagarin at home entry is now m
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Yuri Gagarin with Valentina Tereshk
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Cosmonaut Valentin Yershov, lunar n
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Although a member of the original g
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The moon teams: Moon Team 1: Alexei
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this group. These cosmonauts did ve
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Soyuz trainer thrown against a mock
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Alexei Leonov's spacewalk over foot
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Alexei Leonov splashdown-training i
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Valeri Bykovsky parachuting return
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Pavel Popovich 1975, setting a Sovi
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The opportunity to use the Soviet i
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[17] Mills, Phil: Aspects of the So
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L-1 ZOND 5 Autumn was well in the a
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man been aboard all along and would
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A successful flight of Soyuz would
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later began its second reentry. At
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the cosmonaut squad, General Kamani
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Leaving Earth, now 70,000 km distan
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atmosphere. After a little while, t
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Dmitri Okhotsimsky had calculated t
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Yevgeni Khrunov, Alexei Yeliseyev p
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The spectacle of the two docked cra
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Mstislav Keldysh announces space st
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N-1 on the pad
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consideration even given for a mann
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The Ye-8-5 Luna 15 was the first of
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The Ye-8-5 return cabin At 10: 00 o
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precise moment for retrofire as car
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A full Earth for Zond 7 invidious c
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the southern hemisphere and make a
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assured the world there was no need
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CANCELLATION OF THE MOON-LANDING PR
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Alexei Isayev to 7.5 hours and a fi
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• Better thermal protection for t
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Lavochkin. A date was even set for
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sent to lecture at the Moscow Aviat
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programme encountered ever more dif
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[26]. Of this, the N-1 accounted fo
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Americans may have had profound pol
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7 Samplers, rovers and orbiters Whe
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Luna 16, testing before launch for
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terminated and the sample collected
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The Luna 16 cabin back on Earth It
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DESIGNING A LUNAR ROVER Although th
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correct, being confirmed by Luna 13
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Luna 17 descent stage Lunokhod carr
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Lunokhod descending to the moon Not
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eceiving dishes. Five controllers s
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Lunokhod tracks that would collect
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Lunokhod porthole view ber, Lunokho
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much weaker than the lunar roving v
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The intentions behind Luna 18 becam
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Luna 20 landed in snow
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Lunokhod 2 with hills behind Union!
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analyses at numerous spots. In the
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lunar programme, the real story did
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first day of operation, indicating
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Luna 22 6 June 1974 (LOI) 219 x 221
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Luna 15, 23, 24 landing sites befor
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Location of Soviet moon probes WIND
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Lunokhod 3 When Lunokhod 3 was canc
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# 5993 was named after him, and the
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REFERENCES The last achievement - L
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8 Return to the moon The cancellati
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Principles of the construction of l
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Page 612: years later than scheduled, Zond wi
Page 616: the United States and the Soviet Un
Page 620: 9 List of all Soviet moon probes (a
Page 624: Where are they now? Location of Sov
Page 628: Bibliographical note and bibliograp
Page 632: planetary science which was made av
Page 636: Ivashkin, V.V.: On the history of s
Page 640: Siddiqi, Asif, Hendrickx, Bart and
Page 644: Index Academician Sergei Korolev, t
Page 648: Moon team, 165 Death, 168 Significa
Page 652: Lavochkin Design Bureau Origins, 79
Page 656: Ranger, American spacecraft 74-5, 9
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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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