Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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The Luna 16 cabin back on Earth It was a tremendous triumph. The Luna 16 mission had gone perfectly from start to finish. The tricky stages of soft-landing, drilling and take-off were just like the book said they should be. 'It's the decade of the space robot!' heralded the Soviet press. The USSR made great play of how such flights were cheaper than manned flights like Apollo, how they did not expose humans to danger and how versatile space robots could land just about anywhere. Luna 16 recovery
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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploratio
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Brian Harvey 2 Rathdown Crescent Te
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3 Planning the lunar landing 45 Vos
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8 Return to the moon 287 After N-l:
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Prologue Siberia, summer of 1976. N
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Although the United States Apollo p
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The 8K78 71 The Ye-6 lander 73 Dish
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Lunokhod returns to landing stage 2
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Abbreviations and acronyms AIS Auto
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1 Origins of the Soviet lunar progr
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Sergei Korolev, Mstislav Keldysh Wi
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Introducing the father of the Sovie
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On rocket research into the upper l
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pad for the returning spacecraft. H
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The R-7 called a 'packet' design -
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• An academy of sciences, to prov
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Sputnik
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spacecraft be sent to the moon. One
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They were hypergolic and fired on c
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Early tracking dish, Crimea ONLY HO
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and carefully sifted for clues. Wha
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First Cosmic Ship arose from a 1956
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First Cosmic Ship, top stage Gringa
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In Britain, the director of the lar
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gammas, where a response was consid
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Sergei Vernov But 8,000 km out from
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in Leningrad in 1955. The first tra
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The station swung around the south
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Automatic Interplanetary Station ar
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Instruments of the Automatic Interp
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3 Planning the lunar landing After
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shaped acorn-like cabin. Tikhonravo
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9 S 7 6 5 Soyuz complex - second bl
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aspect of the plan. Alexander Sharg
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Joint flight to the moon proposed b
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were disputed by some Soviet scient
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of a government diktat from on high
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delayed, had a difficult design his
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the moon. The 50 tonnes were gradua
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have a thrust of 5,760 tonnes, able
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tried to mediate between Sergei Kor
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Key government and party decisions
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Ye-1 to -4 series, which was provin
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The new 8K78 rocket, including bloc
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Landing cabin Height 112 cm Base 58
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Dishes at Yevpatoria
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Once again, the block L let everyon
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Georgi Babakin health. He returned
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Luna mid-course correction Luna 6 o
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Zond 3 over Mare Orientale lines. T
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Zond 3: scientific instruments Two
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Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov described h
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Luna 9 camera system They were not.
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In minutes, the world had seen the
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Luna 13 images meter which found th
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Ye-6, -6M: scientific outcomes Luna
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design bureau in Dnepropetrovsk. It
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Luna 10 cabin The discoveries of Lu
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Luna 11, 12 design presumably this
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MiKCVTO? Ye-6LF (originally Ye-7) H
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Luna 10 and mother ship Summary of
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Ye-6S, Ye-6LF, Ye-6LS series: scien
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5 The first cosmonauts to the moon
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RD-253 with zirconium. OKB-456 deve
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Russia's UR-500K Proton Length 44.3
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The slogan of the GIRD group, writt
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Two months later, on 24th September
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Spurring people on - Korolev in 196
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Americans took a different view). K
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Engines Thrust (each) Total thrust
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to launch a very big space station.
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The Soyuz spacecraft The initial te
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Soyuz spacecraft rendezvous, dockin
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From August 1964, the Soviet lunar
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The Soviet around-the-moon mission
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Cosmos 146 was the fifth flight of
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Rendezvous in Earth orbit
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housed here, and it was from this m
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• One 11D411 RD-858 main engine w
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LK ladder
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The return-to-Earth profile was qui
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Cosmonaut on the lunar surface Unli
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during takeoff and rendezvous shoul
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Tracking ship Cosmonaut Yuri Gagari
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Early Soviet cosmonauts, Sochi, 196
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Yuri Gagarin at home entry is now m
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Yuri Gagarin with Valentina Tereshk
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Cosmonaut Valentin Yershov, lunar n
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Although a member of the original g
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The moon teams: Moon Team 1: Alexei
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this group. These cosmonauts did ve
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Soyuz trainer thrown against a mock
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Alexei Leonov's spacewalk over foot
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Alexei Leonov splashdown-training i
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Valeri Bykovsky parachuting return
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Pavel Popovich 1975, setting a Sovi
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The opportunity to use the Soviet i
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[17] Mills, Phil: Aspects of the So
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L-1 ZOND 5 Autumn was well in the a
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man been aboard all along and would
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A successful flight of Soyuz would
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later began its second reentry. At
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the cosmonaut squad, General Kamani
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Leaving Earth, now 70,000 km distan
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atmosphere. After a little while, t
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Dmitri Okhotsimsky had calculated t
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Yevgeni Khrunov, Alexei Yeliseyev p
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The spectacle of the two docked cra
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Mstislav Keldysh announces space st
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N-1 on the pad
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consideration even given for a mann
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The Ye-8-5 Luna 15 was the first of
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The Ye-8-5 return cabin At 10: 00 o
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precise moment for retrofire as car
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A full Earth for Zond 7 invidious c
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Page 472: CANCELLATION OF THE MOON-LANDING PR
Page 476: Alexei Isayev to 7.5 hours and a fi
Page 480: • Better thermal protection for t
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Page 488: sent to lecture at the Moscow Aviat
Page 492: programme encountered ever more dif
Page 496: [26]. Of this, the N-1 accounted fo
Page 500: Americans may have had profound pol
Page 504: 7 Samplers, rovers and orbiters Whe
Page 508: Luna 16, testing before launch for
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Page 518: Luna 16 moonrock For NASA and Weste
Page 522: Transmash designed tanks for the Re
Page 526: To guide the route chosen, Lunokhod
Page 530: Lunokhod Weight Diameter Height Whe
Page 534: Lunokhod tracks across the moon in
Page 538: Lunokhod route-planning conference
Page 542: stop to take panoramic pictures. Fo
Page 546: End of Lunokhod journey October 197
Page 550: ten-hour shifts, 14 lunar days at a
Page 554: The drilling operation took 40 min
Page 558: Lunokhod 2 Luna 21 entered a near-c
Page 562: Lunokhod 2 wheel marks on the moon
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The journey of Lunokhod 2 lunar sur
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that there was a very weak permanen
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It was a full year before the next
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of designers of 1946. He was the co
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Luna 24 returning to the Earth Ye-8
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• Telescopes on the lunar farside
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Valeri Barsukov Despite the heat of
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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOVIET AUTOMATI
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[11] Surkov, Yuri: Exploration of t
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of no fewer than 450 sec. A lunar e
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cosmonaut at a time. As was the cas
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none progressed beyond the aspirati
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engineering and scientific sense, a
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[8] Rebrov, Colonel M.: But this is
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298 List of all Soviet moon probes
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300 List of all Soviet moon probes
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(1988-2003); Gordon Hooper (1990),
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Gorin, Peter A.: Rising from the cr
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Pesavento, Peter: Soviet space prog
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Wright, Pearce: Vasili Mishin - spa
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Bogomolov, Alexei 221 Boguslavsky,
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Kennedy, John F. Moon speech, 52 Pr
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Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin Bi
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Tikhonravov, Mikhail (cont.) Propos
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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

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