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C++ value of vec [1] = 1 value of vec [2] = 2 value of vec [3] = 3 value of vec [4] = 4 value of v = 0 value of v = 1 value of v = 2 value of v = 3 value of v = 4 Here are following points to be noted related to various functions we used in the above example: The push_back( ) member function inserts value at the end of the vector, expanding its size as needed. The size( ) function displays the size of the vector. The function begin( ) returns an iterator to the start of the vector. The function end( ) returns an iterator to the end of the vector. 308
40. STANDARD LIBRARY C++ The C++ Standard Library can be categorized into two parts: The Standard Function Library: This library consists of generalpurpose, stand-alone functions that are not part of any class. The function library is inherited from C. The Object Oriented Class Library: This is a collection of classes and associated functions. Standard C++ Library incorporates all the Standard C libraries also, with small additions and changes to support type safety. The Standard Function Library The standard function library is divided into the following categories: I/O, String and character handling, Mathematical, Time, date, and localization, Dynamic allocation, Miscellaneous, Wide-character functions The Object Oriented Class Library Standard C++ Object Oriented Library defines an extensive set of classes that provide support for a number of common activities, including I/O, strings, and numeric processing. This library includes the following: The Standard C++ I/O Classes The String Class The Numeric Classes The STL Container Classes The STL Algorithms The STL Function Objects The STL Iterators The STL Allocators 309
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About the Tutorial C++ is a middle-
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Enumerated Types ..................
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Function Declarations .............
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Structures as Function Arguments ..
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Data Encapsulation Example ........
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My First CGI program ..............
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C++ The ANSI standard has been stab
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C++ C++ Compiler: This is an actual
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3. BASIC SYNTAX C++ When we conside
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C++ add(x, y); A block is a set of
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C++ ??= # ??/ \ ??' ^ ??( [ ??) ] ?
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C++ cout
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C++ The following table shows the v
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C++ typedef int feet; Now, the foll
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C++ type variable_list; Here, type
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C++ Same concept applies on functio
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C++ Global Variables Global variabl
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8. CONSTANTS/LITERALS C++ Constants
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C++ \a Alert or bell \b Backspace \
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C++ } cout
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C++ j = 50000; i = j; cout
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C++ The static storage class instru
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C++ extern int count; void write_ex
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C++ ++ Increment operator, increase
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C++ operand is greater than or equa
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C++ Line 5 - b is either greater th
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C++ Bitwise operator works on bits
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C++ c = ~a; // -61 = 1100 0011 cout
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C++ Copy and paste the following C+
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C++ Condition ? X : Y Conditional o
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C++ int b = 10; int c = 15; int d =
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C++ do...while loop Like a ‘while
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C++ } return 0; When the above code
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C++ { } cout
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C++ } When the above code is compil
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C++ 2 is prime 3 is prime 5 is prim
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C++ Example #include using namespa
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C++ the ‘for’ loop are required
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C++ for equality against a list of
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C++ When the above code is compiled
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C++ An if can have zero to many e
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C++ switch(expression){ case consta
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C++ case 'D' : cout
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C++ C++ specifies that at least 256
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14. FUNCTIONS C++ A function is a g
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C++ Calling a Function While creati
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C++ in the call. This means that ch
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C++ temp = *x; /* save the value at
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C++ int main () { // local variable
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C++ Total value is :300 Total value
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C++ cout
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C++ double d = 200.374; // mathemat
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16. ARRAYS C++ C++ provides a data
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C++ for ( int j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
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C++ Multidimensioned arrays may be
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C++ Once you store the address of f
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C++ { . . . } Way-3 Formal paramete
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C++ . . } Second point to remember
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C++ 110
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C++ int main () { char greeting[6]
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C++ strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
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18. POINTERS C++ C++ pointers are e
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C++ // print the address stored in
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C++ convention, if a pointer contai
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C++ int main () { int var[MAX] = {1
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C++ Address of var[1] = 0xbfce42d4
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C++ Above statement is valid and wi
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C++ char *names[MAX] = { "Zara Ali"
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C++ Passing Pointers to Functions C
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C++ } return avg; When the above co
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C++ 613357504 1377296355 1530315259
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C++ // declare simple variables int
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C++ int temp; temp = x; /* save the
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C++ vals[4] = 50 When returning a r
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C++ hours:minutes:seconds year\n\0.
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C++ using namespace std; int main(
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C++ using namespace std; int main(
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C++ Error message : Unable to read.
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C++ int }book; book_id; Accessing S
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C++ using namespace std; void print
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C++ #include #include using names
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C++ Now, you can use Books directly
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C++ Both of the objects Box1 and Bo
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C++ created previously. C++ friend
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C++ { public: double length; double
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C++ internal representation of a cl
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C++ A private member variable or fu
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C++ You will learn derived classes
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C++ Line::Line(void) { cout
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C++ Line line(10.0); // get initial
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C++ } cout
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C++ } cout
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C++ } *ptr = len; Line::Line(const
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C++ friend class ClassTwo; Consider
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C++ int main( ) { } cout
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C++ Constructor called. Box2 is equ
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C++ Let us try the following exampl
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C++ }; Box(double l=2.0, double b=2
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24. INHERITANCE C++ One of the most
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C++ Total area: 35 Access Control a
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C++ }; public: int getCost(int area
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C++ 25. OVERLOADING (OPERATOR & FUN
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C++ Box operator+(const Box&, const
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C++ cout
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C++ #include using namespace std;
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C++ Time(int h, int m){ hours = h;
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C++ class Box { double length; doub
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C++ } return 0; When the above code
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C++ } { cout and the stream insert
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C++ Second Distance :F : 5 I : 11 T
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C++ } T2.displayTime(); T2++; T2.di
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C++ The function call operator () c
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C++ int arr[SIZE]; public: safearay
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C++ static int i, j; public: void f
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C++ } When the above code is compil
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C++ return (width * height); } }; c
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C++ As you can see, each of the chi
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C++ Here, you don't need to underst
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C++ Designing Strategy Abstraction
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C++ defined after the public specif
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29. INTERFACES C++ An interface des
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C++ }; int getArea() { return (widt
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30. FILES AND STREAMS C++ So far, w
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C++ You read information from a fil
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C++ File Position Pointers Both ist
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C++ Throwing Exceptions Exceptions
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C++ Because we are raising an excep
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C++ struct MyException : public exc
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C++ double* pvalue = NULL; if( !(pv
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C++ class Box { public: Box() { cou
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C++ // second name space namespace
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C++ } return 0; If we compile and r
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Page 282 and 283: 36. SIGNAL HANDLING C++ Signals are
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Page 294 and 295: 38. WEB PROGRAMMING C++ What is CGI
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Page 298 and 299: C++ Variable Name Description CONTE
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Page 304 and 305: C++ First Name: Last Name: Her
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Page 310 and 311: C++ Passing Dropdown Box Data to CG
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Page 318 and 319: 39. STL TUTORIAL C++ Hope you have
Page 322: C++ The Localization library Exc
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