Latino and Hispanic Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

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Delinquency cases involving Hispanic females were more likely to receive a disposition of probation following adjudication (72%) than were cases involving Hispanic males (65%) 94,194 Hispanic male Waived delinquency cases 293 1% Petitioned 53,169 56% Placed 10,512 31% Adjudicated Probation 33,687 63% 21,925 65% Other sanction 1,250 4% Probation 6,806 35% Not adjudicated Other sanction 19,189 36% 1,995 10% n In 2013, more than half (56%) of all delinquency cases involving Hispanic males were petitioned to court for formal handling, compared with 42% of those involving females. n Once petitioned, cases involving Hispanic males were more likely to result in a delinquency adjudication (63%) than were cases involving females (56%). Probation 10,660 26% Not petitioned Other sanction 41,025 44% 9,775 24% Dismissed 20,590 50% Dismissed 10,388 54% n For both males and females, a small proportion of delinquency cases were judicially waived to criminal court. n Once adjudicated delinquent, males were more likely to receive a disposition of out-of-home placement (31%) than were females (24%). 29,021 Hispanic female Waived delinquency cases 19
Racial disparities occur at various decision points within the juvenile justice system The RRI measures disparity at each decision point OJJDP developed the Relative Rate Index (RRI) as a tool to identify and measure disparities across the stages of the juvenile justice system by comparing rates of juvenile justice contact experienced by different groups of youth. The RRI takes the relative size of different populations at each stage of the process and compares it to the immediately preceding stage for each group. The key idea behind the RRI is to quantify the nature of the decisions at each decision point (i.e., rate) for each group and then compare these rates for each group to identify the unique contributions to disparity made by each decision point. For example, once referred to court intake, a decision is made to determine whether the matter will be handled formally, with the filing of a petition requesting an adjudicatory or waiver hearing, or informally. To determine the RRI for Hispanic youth compared with white youth or black youth, the RRI compares the proportions (or rates) of court referrals that are handled formally for each racial group being compared. If the rate of formally handled cases relative to court referrals for Hispanic youth is greater than the rate for another race, then there is disparity. If the rates are similar, then there is no disparity. To simplify the comparison of these statistics, the RRI is the rate for Hispanic youth divided by the rate for the other race at each decision point. If the RRI ratio is near or equal to 1.0, there is no evidence of disparity; if the ratio is greater than 1.0 (if the rate for Hispanic youth is larger than the rate for the other race), there is evidence of disparity. Each decision point has a preceding stage with which it is compared. Together this set of decision points and their relative rate indexes form the Relative Rate Index Matrix, a table that can reveal the nature of decision disparities—including their magnitude and differences—in a juvenile justice system that is interdependent, though fragmented. Hispanic youth were more likely than white youth, but much less likely than black youth, to be referred to juvenile court Relative Rate Index compared with: Decision points Hispanic White Black Amer. Indian Asian White Black Number Population (age 10 to upper age) 5,235,401 8,691,029 2,390,901 216,593 1,127,615 Cases referred to juvenile court 123,234 176,659 163,372 7,161 6,364 Cases diverted 30,235 53,635 32,752 1,981 1,672 Cases petitioned 65,354 90,636 98,456 3,540 3,470 Cases adjudicated 40,506 48,508 47,149 2,285 1,981 Adjudicated cases resulting in probation 26,802 31,504 27,986 1,504 1,370 Adjudicated cases resulting in placement 12,141 11,486 14,744 586 471 Cases judicially waived 312 596 803 33 10 Rate Cases referred per 1,000 population 23.5 20.3 68.3 33.1 5.6 1.2 0.3 Cases diverted per 100 referrals 24.5 30.4 20.0 27.7 26.3 0.8 1.2 Cases petitioned per 100 referrals 53.0 51.3 60.3 49.4 54.5 1.0 0.9 Cases adjudicated per 100 petitioned 62.0 53.5 47.9 64.5 57.1 1.2 1.3 Probation cases per 100 adjudicated 66.2 64.9 59.4 65.8 69.2 1.0 1.1 Placement cases per 100 adjudicated 30.0 23.7 31.3 25.6 23.8 1.3 1.0 Cases judicially waived per 100 petitioned 0.5 0.7 0.8 – – 0.7 0.6 n Compared with white youth, Hispanic youth were 20% more likely to be referred to juvenile court and equally as likely to have their case handled formally. Once adjudicated, Hispanic youth were as likely as white youth to be placed on probation but 30% more likely to be ordered to out-of-home placement. n Hispanic youth were 30% more likely than black youth to be adjudicated delinquent in 2013. Hispanic youth were more likely than black youth to be placed on probation, but were as likely to be ordered to out-of-home placement. Hispanic youth were less likely than black youth to be waived to criminal court for case processing. – Too few cases to calculate a reliable rate. 10 National Report Series Bulletin
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disproportionate share of all felon
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• From 1994 to 2011 the rate of b
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• Latinos account for 22 percent
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• In 2010, the Latino male incarc
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and 60 percent were White; and 54 p
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Juvenile facilities, including 1,80
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New Jersey 11 55 5 New Mexico 86 20
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percent.4)The remaining commitments
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Hispanic/White Racial Disparity in
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Trends in Hispanic to White Commitm
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Florida 25% 62% 1227% Georgia 36% -
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See full data in Appendix D.13)OJJD
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Black/White Youth Arrest Disparitie
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decrease racial disparities in comm
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Page 52 and 53: implemented effective, data-driven
Page 54 and 55: decisions regarding detention of yo
Page 56 and 57: or ethnic group, and/or geographic
Page 58 and 59: positively with youth, and how to t
Page 62 and 63: Black 456,276 6% American Indian 27
Page 64 and 65: DUI 286 0.7% Drunkenness 381 0.9% L
Page 66 and 67: Arrest Percentages Hispanic juvenil
Page 68 and 69: Types of Cases Simple assault accou
Page 70 and 71: Stolen property offense 293 12.6% 2
Page 72 and 73: Adjudicated cases resulting in plac
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Page 78 and 79: crime, and save money. The most exp
Page 82 and 83: youth) by 2008. As the number of La
Page 84 and 85: Notes _____________________________
Page 88 and 89: Latino Youth and the Juvenile Court
Page 92 and 93: U.S. Department of Justice Office o
Page 94 and 95: Juvenile court data discussed in th
Page 96 and 97: Offense profiles for white youth an
Page 98 and 99: Hispanic youth were more likely to
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Page 106 and 107: Representing Hispanic/Latino Youth
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Page 110 and 111: youth as early as possible and prio
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Page 114 and 115: youth and their families may not be
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Page 118 and 119: Hispanic/Latino Youth in Juvenile D
Page 120 and 121: Washoe County Juvenile Services Lim
Page 122 and 123: Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Page 126 and 127: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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Page 136 and 137: The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Latino and Hispanic Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

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