How-to-Write-a-Better-Thesis
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142 12 Beyond the <strong>Thesis</strong><br />
In a paper you are reporting the same material as in a part of your thesis, perhaps<br />
part or all of one of your chapters, but <strong>to</strong> a broader and quite different readership. In<br />
the thesis you are addressing the examiners, and your task is <strong>to</strong> convince them that<br />
you know what you are talking about. In the paper you are addressing a far wider<br />
range of people. They are reading it because they are interested in your field, and<br />
they assume that you do know what you are talking about before they even start<br />
reading. Indeed, your paper would not have been published had the reviewers not<br />
been convinced of this. You are limited <strong>to</strong> a few thousand words, and you will have<br />
<strong>to</strong> leave out a lot of material that you would include in a thesis.<br />
The challenge then is <strong>to</strong> tell the s<strong>to</strong>ry concisely. An introduction <strong>to</strong> a thesis<br />
chapter has the task of telling the reader how the chapter fits in<strong>to</strong> the overall plan,<br />
whereas in the paper you are introducing the same material as being important in its<br />
own right, so you will have <strong>to</strong> cover previous work done by others. In the thesis you<br />
had written an extensive review of the literature in an earlier chapter. You will have<br />
<strong>to</strong> cover this material in the introduction <strong>to</strong> the paper, but in perhaps as little as 500<br />
words rather than 10,000. The readers will have <strong>to</strong> be satisfied with bald statements<br />
about this earlier work and your interpretations of it, with deeper critical analysis<br />
reserved for a few key points. You then have the challenge of presenting the work,<br />
again in a more concise form, and it may be that some lines or argument are only<br />
noted rather than explained in detail. The ultimate goal is <strong>to</strong> produce a piece of work<br />
that is reasonably self-contained, with enough narrative and evidence <strong>to</strong> persuade<br />
the reader of its value.<br />
Some conferences publish unrefereed papers, but the principles are much the<br />
same. If your work is <strong>to</strong> be made available <strong>to</strong> others, it should be cohesive and<br />
complete.<br />
Publishing involves choosing a venue, say a particular journal, then shaping your<br />
paper <strong>to</strong> the journal’s ‘house style’. Most journals have online resources <strong>to</strong> assist in<br />
preparing papers for submission. <strong>How</strong> <strong>to</strong> write a paper is beyond the scope of this<br />
book, but I do encourage you <strong>to</strong> read about paper writing, in particular on the challenges<br />
of communication within your particular discipline.<br />
Joint Authorship<br />
A challenge faced by research students is of writing papers in collaboration with<br />
other people, in particular their supervisors. Writing joint papers is tricky because<br />
two or more people are making the decisions. If your joint work is <strong>to</strong> be really fruitful,<br />
you have <strong>to</strong> acknowledge these difficulties and deal with them. Students need <strong>to</strong><br />
appreciate that the bulk of the effort may be theirs, while the credit must be shared;<br />
supervisors need <strong>to</strong> acknowledge that, even in the cases where they are largely<br />
responsible for the aims and shape of the work, it is nonetheless a shared outcome.<br />
Joint publication not only acknowledges the contribution made by your supervisor<br />
<strong>to</strong> the development of your research (and <strong>to</strong> your development as a research<br />
worker), but also commits him or her <strong>to</strong> a significant contribution <strong>to</strong> the paper.