CR5 Issue 157 June 2018

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Health By Alison Runham www.alison.runham.co.uk Health Screenings: What’s Available? Screening programmes are designed to identify health problems at an early stage, and the NHS offer many free screening programmes, beginning before we’re born. PREGNANCY AND POST-NATAL SCREENINGS If you’re pregnant, you will usually be offered a blood test for hepatitis B, HIV and syphilis before you’re 10 weeks pregnant. Early treatment reduces the risk of passing infection to your baby. You’ll also be offered screening for thalassaemia and sometimes sickle cell disease before 10 weeks, as it’s important to establish whether you’re a carrier. Screenings for your unborn baby: • 8-14 weeks: a ‘dating scan’. This ultrasound checks your baby’s development and will confirm your due date and if you’re expecting more than one baby. • 10-14 weeks: screening for Down’s syndrome, Patau’s syndrome and Edwards’ syndrome. This combines a blood test with an ultrasound scan and can be done alongside your dating scan. • 18-21 weeks: The ‘mid-pregnancy anomaly scan’, an ultrasound to check for physical abnormalities. Soon after birth, babies are given a physical examination and a blood spot ’heel prick’ test for several inherited diseases including cystic fibrosis, plus a hearing test before 3 months of age. SCREENING FOR TEENS AND ADULTS Diabetics aged 12 and over: the annual diabetic eye test checks for early signs of diabetic retinopathy (damage to blood vessels in the retina). Women aged between 25 and 64: Cervical screening (a ‘smear test’) is offered to check the health of cells in the cervix. Changes in these cells can often be benevolent but may also be an early sign of cervical cancer. Women are screened every three years from 26 to 49 and every five years from the ages of 50 to 64. This quick test is usually done at your GP surgery by a doctor or nurse, who will gently remove some cells from the surface of your cervix. Over 40s: You may be invited for a general health check every five years. Women aged 50 to 70: Breast screening, via an X-ray called a mammogram, can detect early signs of breast cancer. Women over 70 can self-refer. Over 55s: In some parts of England, bowel scope screening to detect bowel cancer is offered. The large bowel is examined via a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera. Aged 60 to 74: Every two years, you will be sent a home testing kit called the faecal occult blood (FOB) test, which can detect blood in your stool. The presence of blood indicates further testing is required. Men at age 65: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening is offered to detect dangerous swelling in the aorta. Men over 65 can self-refer. PRIVATE SCREENINGS Many private health companies advertise a range of additional screening tests, which you will have to pay for unless they form part of an introductory offer or membership scheme. Some of the tests offered are not recommended by the UK National Screening Committee, as it isn’t 72 Log into www.cr5.co.uk your local community website! clear that their benefits outweigh the harm they may cause. If you want to know more about private screening, the UK NSC has produced a downloadable leaflet on private screening which you can access here: www.gov.uk/government/ publications/leaflet-thinking-ofhaving-a-private-screening-test/ private-screening-important-facts. SCREENING COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE Although NHS screenings are offered to everyone eligible, it’s your choice whether to have them. Screenings and their results can cause anxiety and give rise to difficult decisions, especially where pregnancy screenings are concerned. There may be a small risk of false negatives and positives, and more tests may be required. However, remember that an hour or less spent at a screening could save your life (or that of a loved one). Diagnosing and treating conditions swiftly is the best way to reduce their impact and prevent them from becoming more severe. MORE INFORMATION While private health companies advertise additional screenings, some aren’t recommended by the UK National Screening Committee, as it isn’t clear that their benefits outweigh the harm they may cause. For more information, see the NSC’s leaflet on private screening: www.gov. uk/government/publications/ leaflet-thinking-of-having-a-private-screening-test/private-screening-important-facts. To find out more about screenings and their pros and cons, you can read this NHS-recommended leaflet from Sense about Science, entitled Making Sense of Screening, available here: senseaboutscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Makingsenseofscreening.pdf.
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CR5 Issue 157 June 2018

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