Trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional Report 2017

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section provides an overview of the survey’s results for Latin America and the Caribbean and its three sub-regions. The third section provides a detailed analysis of implementation levels for each category of measures contained in the survey. The fourth section looks at notable achievements and common challenges in implementing trade facilitation and paperless trade measures in the region. The fifth section concludes. B. Survey and Methodology 1. Structure of the Global Survey The Global Survey on Trade Facilitation and Paperless Trade Implementation 2017 (henceforth the Global Survey) is divided into 2 sections. Section A (“Trade Facilitation Measures”) contains 45 multiple choice questions grouped in seven categories: (i) General Trade Facilitation Measures; (ii) Paperless Trade; (iii) Cross-Border Paperless Trade; (iv) Border Agency Cooperation; (v) Transit Facilitation; (vi) Trade Facilitation for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); and (vii) Women in Trade Facilitation (see table 1). The questions included in categories (i) to (v) are common with the Global Survey 2015, whereas those in categories (vi) and (vii) are new to the Global Survey 2017. 4 Each question has five possible responses: (i) Totally Implemented; (ii) Partially Implemented; (iii) Pilot Stage; (iv) Not Implemented; or (v) Don’t Know (see the definition of each option in Annex 1). Respondents have the option of complementing their answers with a short narrative on any progress made over the last 12 months for the measure at issue as well as any other relevant information. Table 1 Questions in the Global Survey on Trade Facilitation and Paperless Trade Implementation, 2017 General trade facilitation measures Transparency 2. Publication of existing import-export regulations on the Internet 3. Stakeholder consultation on new draft regulations (prior to their finalization) 4. Advance publication/notification of new regulations before their implementation 5. Advance rulings (on tariff classification) 9. Independent appeal mechanism (for traders to appeal Customs and other trade control agencies’ rulings) Formalities 6. Risk management 7. Pre-arrival processing 8. Post-clearance audit 10. Separation of release from final determination of customs duties, taxes, fees and charges 11. Establishment and publication of average release times 12. Trade facilitation measures for authorized operators 13. Expedited shipments 14. Acceptance of paper or electronic copies of supporting documents required for import, export or transit formalities Institutional arrangements and cooperation 1. Establishment of a National Trade Facilitation Committee 31. National legislative framework and institutional arrangement are available to ensure border agencies to cooperate with each other 32. Government agencies delegating controls to Customs authorities 4 The Global Survey 2017 also includes 3 questions related to Trade Facilitation and Agricultural Trade. However, they were excluded from the version submitted to LAC countries, since they relate to sanitary and phytosanitary regulations which fall mostly outside the purview of Customs agencies or Trade Ministries. 17
Table 1 (concluded) Paperless trade Cross-border paperless trade Border agency cooperation Transit facilitation Trade Facilitation for Small and Medium Enterprises Women in trade facilitation 15. Electronic/automated Customs System 16. Internet connection available to Customs and other trade control agencies at border-crossings 17. Electronic single window system 18. Electronic submission of Customs declarations 19. Electronic application and issuance of import and export permits 20. Electronic submission of Sea Cargo Manifests 21. Electronic submission of Air Cargo Manifests 22. Electronic application and issuance of Preferential Certificate of Origin 23. E-Payment of customs duties and fees 24. Electronic Application for Customs Refunds 25. Laws and regulations for electronic transactions are in place 26. Recognized certification authority issuing digital certificates to traders to conduct electronic transactions 27. Engagement of the country in trade-related cross-border electronic data exchange with other countries 28. Certificate of origin electronically exchanged between your country and other countries 29. Sanitary and phytosanitary certificate electronically exchanged between your country and other countries 30. Traders in your country apply for letters of credit electronically from banks or insurers without lodging paper-based documents 33. Alignment of working days and hours with neighbouring countries at border crossings 34. Alignment of formalities and procedures with neighbouring countries at border crossings 35. Transit facilitation agreement(s) with neighboring country(ies) 36. Customs Authorities limit the physical inspections of transit goods and use risk assessment 37. Supporting pre-arrival processing for transit facilitation 38. Cooperation between agencies of countries involved in transit 39. Trade and transport facilitation in your sub-region or Regional Economic Community 40. Government has developed trade facilitation measures that ensure easy and affordable access for SMEs to trade related information 41. Government has developed specific measures that enable SMEs to more easily benefit from the AEO scheme 42. Government has taken actions to make the single windows more easily accessible to SMEs (e.g., by providing technical consultation and training services to SMEs on registering and using the facility) 43. Government has taken actions to ensure that SMEs are well represented and made key members of National Trade Facilitation Committees (NTFCs) 44. The existing trade facilitation policy/strategy incorporates special consideration of women involved in trade 45. Government has introduced trade facilitation measures to benefit women involved in trade Source: Author, based on the Global Survey on Trade Facilitation and Paperless Trade Implementation 2017. 18
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