Water Quality Trading in the Lower Delaware River Basin: A ...

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Table 2-8: Considerations for the Development of Trading Ratios Economic Environmental Geographic Qualitative Chatfield Lake X Fox Wolf Basin X Great Miami River X Watershed Pilot Program Kalamazoo Trading Pilot Program X X X Lake Dillon X Long Island Sound X Nitrogen Exchange Lower Bosie River X Effluent Trading Prog. New York City Phos. Offset Program X Nuese River X Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission X Piasa Creek Watershed Project X X Pinnacle Foods X Rahr Malting Permit X X Red Cedar River X Program Rock River Trading X X Program Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative X X Tar-Pamlico X X Wayland Business Center X Percent of Total 22 22 44 50 34
Best Management Practices Description, Effectiveness and Cost Best Management Practices are procedures that land or plant managers can use to reduce the amount of pollutants that are exported from a given site. Trading systems that involve NPSs typically involve a NPS implementing a BMP to reduce discharges beyond the level that regulations require. Best Management practices can be separated into those used for urban (Table 2-9) and agricultural land uses (Table 2-10). They can be further separated into structural and non-structural BMP’s. Each BMP has a unique effectiveness and uncertainty that must be quantified before the operator can sell the credit to the PS. The ability of BMP’s to reduce the amount of pollutant that is discharged into a water body depends on the type of BMP and local site conditions. Nationwide, BMP’s are expected have removal efficiencies of 15 to 100% (Tables 2-11 and 2-12). Their costs also vary considerable and all need some longterm maintenance (Tables 2-13 and 2-14). Table 2-9: Common Urban Best Management Practices Type Structural Description Wetlands Facilities with base flow and wetland species Infiltration Systems Pits, vaults, trenches, basins, porous concrete, etc. Filtration Systems Bioretention systems, placement of filtration media, rain gardens.etc. Swales Grass filter strips, vegetated channels, etc. Ponds Above or below ground detention basins, vaults, retention basins, roof top collection systems, etc. Proprietary Equip. Vendor supplied equipment like separators, filters, etc. Physical Pavement modificationl, CSO disconnection, disconnection of Improvements Non Structural direct discharges to waterway, level spreaders, etc. House Keeping Commercial, residential and industrial land use practices (i.e. household or automotive hazardous waste disposal programs) Material Control Material prohibitions, use requirements, disposal alternatives, etc. (i.e. pesticide plans, fertilizer plans, animal waste plans) Street Sweeping Cleaning programs for roads, highways, and parking lots (i.e. street sweeping, basin cleaning, or road maintenance) Education Educational and outreach programs (i.e. storm drain stenciling or lawn management instruction) Regulation Zoning, ordinances, enforcement (i.e. illicit discharge elimination, paving restrictions, setbacks, low impact development zoning) 35
Page 1 and 2: Water Quality Trading in the Lower
Page 3 and 4: wide pollutant reductions to meet T
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 4. Administration and Manag
Page 7 and 8: Historical Development of Water Qua
Page 9 and 10: mechanisms to achieve the cap. The
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1-1: Schematic of the develo
Page 13 and 14: other discharges. The resulting tra
Page 15 and 16: Existing Water Quality Trading Syst
Page 17 and 18: Strengths and Weaknesses of Existin
Page 19 and 20: participants ensure that the market
Page 21 and 22: Nash, Jonathon Remy and Richard L.
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Technical Aspects of Wate
Page 25 and 26: analysis and effort. The goal of th
Page 27 and 28: Site Location Ratio - The ratio tha
Page 29 and 30: impaired segment at PSA with the ot
Page 31 and 32: mechanism. The Lower Boise River pr
Page 33: Table 2-7: Trading Ratios for Exist
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-11: Typical Pollutant Remov
Page 39 and 40: • The Cost to benefit ratios of B
Page 41 and 42: Name Table 2-16: Compliance for Exi
Page 43 and 44: Summary of Chapter 2 The modeling f
Page 45 and 46: http://www.mde.state.md.us/assets/d
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 3 Water Quality Issues Rele
Page 49 and 50: the dominant focus pollutant in bot
Page 51 and 52: most of the TMDL’s. It is also co
Page 53 and 54: Table 3-3 - Land Use Summary of the
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-4: Location of NPDES Disch
Page 57 and 58: Table 3-4. Christina TMDL target li
Page 59 and 60: discharges are added one-at-a-time
Page 61 and 62: should be considered. Adequate dam
Page 63 and 64: Appendix 1: Comparison of EPA spons
Page 65 and 66: more complex trading programs, gove
Page 67 and 68: conservation districts, agricultura
Page 69 and 70: Program. The review also found that
Page 71 and 72: management organizations. Each of t
Page 73 and 74: • Scale--Is the geographic area c
Page 75 and 76: There are many other organizations
Page 77 and 78: opportunities for trading. Existing
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 81 and 82: • The NPDES permit renewal proces
Page 83 and 84: • It is recommended that normativ
Page 85 and 86:
References PRedICT User Guide, 2003
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