The New Mexico Nurse - October 2018

October, November, December 2018 The New Mexico Nurse • Page 3
Workplace Incivility and Bullying Experienced Among Nurse Leaders:
What is Known and the Need for Future Research
Lindsey Marie Tarasenko, MSN, BSN, RN
In today’s current healthcare environment, nurse leader workloads can be
perceived as unmanageable due to high demands, constant change, and low
access to resources to accomplish job duties [1]. The state of nursing work
environments can be viewed as turbulent due to high numbers of changes
associated with the regulatory and industry demands to improve patient care
delivery. These demands can produce the “quality burden” in which an increase
in time, monetary resources, and personal mental and emotional capacities
are spent on quality improvement endeavors [2]. During times of increased
demands and high workloads, individuals can display rude and abusive behaviors
[3], which negatively impact individuals and organizations. Unfortunately,
experiences of incivility and bullying continue to be reported as some of the
most difficult aspects of the job for nursing professionals [4].
The relationships between experiencing and witnessing workplace incivility
and bullying and the negative impact on the psychological and physical health
of nurses have been supported in the literature [5-8]. In 2010, it was estimated
that sickness-absenteeism expenditures secondary to forms of workplace
mistreatment totaled over $4 billion [9], and it has been determined that
organizations could lose approximately $11,000 annually for productivity loss
for each nurse that has experienced incivility [10]. When conflict occurs between
members of a patient care team, it has been demonstrated that communication
decreases, and avoidance behaviors increase, which negatively impacts the
delivery of patient care and hinders patient safety [5, 11-14]. It is crucial to
address forms of workplace mistreatment due to the detrimental consequences
it has on individuals and organizations. The American Nurses Association has
identified 2018 as the “Year of Advocacy” with ending nurse abuse through
policy reform as one of the top priorities [15], and it is critical that research
findings be used to guide policy and practice.
Forms of workplace mistreatment continue to have a strong presence in
nursing work environments [16]; therefore, there is a need to understand
environmental precursors, or facilitators, of incivility and bullying. Modifiable
work environment factors need to be identified first and foremost to support
future intervention research. Nurse middle managers/directors are being
targeted to help researchers understand environmental factors that lead to
forms of mistreatment, as they have a unique perspective of the healthcare
system from managing clinical microsystems to organizational operations. Future
research in this area has the potential to inform the modification of support
and communication structures needed during times of organizational change to
prevent forms of mistreatment.
Registered nurses are needed to participate in research that intends to learn
more about environmental precursors to workplace incivility and bullying at
the nurse manager-level. Registered nurses in New Mexico are invited to join
in an anonymous, online survey. The 10-minute survey consists of questions
on demographics, organizational change, nurse manager relationships and role
functions, and forms of workplace mistreatment. We are seeking inpatient and
ambulatory care clinical nurse middle managers/directors who manage and have
24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week accountability for their clinical area.
Take the Survey - https://is.gd/nursemanagerbullyingsurvey
If you have questions about the research study, contact the primary
investigator, Lindsey M. Tarasenko, at Lindsey.Tarasenko@ucdenver.edu. This
study has been IRB approved, COMIRB #: 18-1390.
References
1. Tarasenko, L.M., et al., Incivility and job demands in the work environment faced by
nurse managers: A meta-synthesis. (manuscript is under review), 2018.
2. Disch, J. and M. Sinioris, The quality burden. Nursing Clinics of North America, 2012.
47(3): p. 395-405.
3. Francis, L., C.M. Holmvall, and L.E. O’Brien, The influence of workload and civility of
treatment on the perpetration of email incivility. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015.
46: p. 191-201.
4. O’Keeffe, M., 2017 nursing trends and salary survey results: Part 1. American Nurse
Today, 2017. 12(11): p. 30-35.
5. Castronovo, M.A., A. Pullizzi, and S. Evans, Nursing bullying: A review and a proposed
solution. Nursing Outlook, 2016. 64(3): p. 208-214.
6. Nielsen, M.B. and S. Einarsen, Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: A metaanalytic
review. Work & Stress, 2012. 26(4): p. 309-332.
7. Schilpzand, P., I.E. De Pater, and A. Erez, Workplace incivility: A review of the
literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2016.
37: p. S57-S88.
8. Vagharseyyedin, S.A., Workplace incivility: A concept analysis. Contemporary Nurse,
2015. 50(1): p. 115-125.
9. Asfaw, A.G., C.C. Chang, and T.K. Ray, Workplace mistreatment and sickness
absenteeism from work: Results from the 2010 National Health Interview survey.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2014. 57(2): p. 202-213.
10. Lewis, P.S. and A. Malecha, The impact of workplace incivility on the work
environment, manager skill, and productivity. Journal of Nursing Administration, 2011.
41(1): p. 41-47.
11. Becher, J. and C. Visovsky, Horizontal violence in nursing. Medsurg Nursing, 2012.
21(4): p. 210.
12. Blair, P.L., Lateral Violence in Nursing. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 2013. 39(5): p.
e75-e78.
13. Kerber, C., W.M. Woith, and S.H. Jenkins, Perceptions of new nurses concerning
incivility in the workplace. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 2015. 46(11):
p. 522-527.
14. Roberts, S.J., Lateral Violence in Nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 2015. 28(1): p.
36-41.
15. American Nurses Association. Year of advocacy. 2018; Available from: http://p2a.co/
ywz5JtS?_ga=2.222554399.54079951.1532891746-657233693.1532891746.
16. American Nurses Association. ANA panel aims to prevent violence, bullying in
health care facilities (4/6/15). 2015; Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/
FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/PressReleases/2015-NR/ANA-Panel-Aimsto-Prevent-Violence-Bullying-in-Health-Care-Facilities.html.
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