CLC-Conference-Proceeding-2018

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thresholds, the seeds or centroids or the type of structuring element to be used. For a review on these strategies see xxxix and the literature cited there. In the development of tools for the efficient imagenological diagnosis of breast cancer (mammography images) or cervix cancer (colposcopy), the segmentation of this type of images acquires special utility, as injuries can be marked and related information can be obtained extracting the corresponding features. These tools must be able to process a large number of images in real time, so that the dimension of the problem to be treated must be taken into account seriously. The spectral segmentation based on the analysis of the eigenvalues of the Normalized Laplacian, for example, among other equivalent strategies, in general obtains very good results but they are expensive processes from the computational point of view. Because of this, approaches aimed at reducing the dimension of the problem have been widely treated in the literature. Figure 2 of xl shows a result of the studies conducted in the segmentation of mammographies based on the information of the spectrum of the Normalized Laplacian Normalized of the adjacency matrix associated to the graph that contains the information of the image. In these works the superpixels are introduced following several strategies as a way of reducing the dimension of the problem and the results are compared using several types of similarity graphs (ε-neighborhood, knn, knnmutuo). The experiments of these works were carried out with the images from the INbreast Database xli . (a) (b) (c) Figure 2: In (a) the original image of INbreast with the marked lesion is shown, in (b) the segmentation obtained without superpixels and in (c) with superpixels xlii . In xliii the equivalence relation between the NMF, the spectral grouping and K-means is studied. Once the applications with the spectral segmentation are carried out, the study will be extended now to the use of the NMF in its classical model and to the model that includes sparsity and orthogonality constraints. Different ways are considered to initialize the matrices and to define the internal rank or dimension of the matrices, among them the criterion proposed by the group in xliv to obtain a good sparse approximation of large and dense matrices. The definition of the internal rank is directly related to the number of groups or clusters, so it is very important to use an appropriate strategy. The study is also perfomed for Colposcopy images. The fundamental challenge in these images is the preprocessing in which problems such as the elimination of brightness, uneven lighting and the different appearances that these images present must be solved. 2.2 Removing the specularity reflection in Colposcopies Colposcopy images (Colposcopies) are taken with a Colposcope that that has a lens with a light. Colposcopies of cervix have an annoying effect of brightness in some areas (the wettest) that affects the proper processing of the image.
The values of the pixels of brightness or specularity reflection correspond to peaks of intensities of white in the histogram that are unreal and also do not allow the adequate inspection of the image by the doctor. In the preprocessing of these images one of the first steps is precisely the removing of the specularity reflections. To eliminate this effect it is necessary to detect the brightness pixels. Three algorithms were studied to obtain the masks (algorithms that mark the pixels). The following figure shows a colposcopy image with the brightness pixels marked. Figura 3: Mask obtained using a threshold 0.85 ∗ Intmax (see xlv ) Once detected and marked the pixels are removed from the image and algorithms are used that that performs a restoration approximately in those areas. Three procedures were also studied to obtain the restored image. Figura 4: Results after carrying out the restoration The results were validated qualitatively using the experience of the doctors. In the previous figure the result of one of the studied algorithms is observed. The experimentation was carried out on a set of 104 images with different appearance combining the masks and the restoration algorithms, to read about the experimentation, see xlvi . From the experimentation, 86.5% of restorations were evaluated with values greater than 2 on a scale of 2 to 5, of which 66.3% were evaluated with values greater than 3. In order to improve the results, the NMF will be applied. For that the absent data matrix containing the image information is considered like in xlvii . In xlviii a similar study is presented. In this case only gray scale images are considered. The next figure shows the missing data in the matrix.
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Anchor Institutions Advancing Local
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Matthew Closter MPA, MS, Senior Res
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Table of Contents Conference Procee
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towards a more balanced and just sy
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Dr. Santiago has also extended part
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Weathering the Storm - Challenges f
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from 2001- 2016. For the 2016-2017
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This will require rethinking on how
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The expansion witnessed in particip
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viable contributor to community and
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illion to provide relief to Puerto
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Puerto Rico Higher education system
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Hernandez, J. C., Roman, W., Blas,
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The sustainability of the higher ed
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2) Universities as a place for acce
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4) Education and Infrastructure. Th
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service facilities, a lake, a golf
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There is a considerable skills mism
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A Partnership for the Empowerment o
Page 39 and 40: expand their knowledge and practica
Page 41 and 42: Although vast experience is gained
Page 43 and 44: It is easy to appreciate the comple
Page 45 and 46: Cooperatives and Local Development
Page 47 and 48: Continuing in the search for new wa
Page 49 and 50: espectively by the Ministerio de la
Page 51 and 52: The establishment of cooperatives m
Page 53 and 54: the citizen’s new situation, a ne
Page 55 and 56: Díaz, B. (1998). El Enfoque Partic
Page 57 and 58: achievement of its goals and object
Page 59 and 60: providing psychopedagogical care to
Page 61 and 62: educational actions, with the colla
Page 63 and 64: do this, two instruments were devel
Page 65 and 66: Figure 1 a and b: Synthesis maps of
Page 67 and 68: The social situation of Cuban child
Page 69 and 70: development of these programs and t
Page 71 and 72: and social lives. The country's soc
Page 73 and 74: with the ethical and moral values o
Page 75 and 76: unfavorable to their development an
Page 77 and 78: Role of Universities in the Creatio
Page 79 and 80: comprised of representatives of sch
Page 81 and 82: interdisciplinary master’s degree
Page 83 and 84: Nonnegative matrix factorizations:
Page 85 and 86: e obtained as the sum of matrices o
Page 87 and 88: As is usual in Mathematics, when de
Page 89: The stop function finds the zero or
Page 93 and 94: REFERENCES i G. H. Golub and C. F.
Page 95 and 96: The Architecture of Inclusion in An
Page 97 and 98: A central focus of NCLC’s program
Page 99 and 100: consider how to best support the en
Page 101 and 102: University-Community Partnerships i
Page 103 and 104: nutritional practices in the commun
Page 105 and 106: and non-profits, and residents, cha
Page 107 and 108: When institutions openly pursue com
Page 109 and 110: home, and its home is the neighborl
Page 111 and 112: their collective expertise to evalu
Page 113 and 114: collection capacity as well as staf
Page 115 and 116: mission. Moreover, when factoring i
Page 117 and 118: the proposed Early Childhood and Co
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