British Breeder Magazine Feb 2020

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Feature - VET INSIGHTIs ovum pick up (OPU),the future of horse breeding?In the past decades there have beentremendous advances in equinebreeding technology. Most maresare now inseminated via artificialinsemination (AI) which not onlyreduced the chance on transmittingdiseases and breeding injuries but alsomade stallions available all over theworld. Especially the introduction offrozen semen facilitated distributionof semen and availability of stallions’genetics even after his death. Anotherbig change has been the introduction ofembryo transfer (ET). With ET we referto the technique where an embryo isflushed out of the uterus of a biologicaldam (ET-donor) and transferred intothe uterus of a recipient mare. Thishappens 7 or 8 days after inseminationof the donor mare. The recipient willcarry the embryo to term and raisethe foal as if it was her own. Donorrecipientmare synchronisation, i.e.both mares ovulated around the sametime, is paramount for the successof ET. This will guarantee that thetransferred embryo will find a similaruterine environment, essential forembryo survival. ET has severaladvantages: (1) it allows the mare toproduce offspring whilst continuing hersportive career, (2) produce offspring ofmares with fertility issues, (3) producemultiple embryos per season.In recent years we have gone astep further in applying assistedreproductive technologies withthe introduction of test-tube foalsproduced by a combination of twotechniques; Ovum Pick Up (OPU) andIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI). OPU, also known as oocyteaspiration, is the procedure wherefollicles are aspirated in order torecover the oocyte (egg or ovum) theycontain. Women undergoing IVF requiremultiple hormone injections priorthe procedure. However, in mares nohormonal stimulation is needed. Beforescheduling an OPU-appointment, theovaries of the mares are assessed athome to determine if she is a suitablecandidate. The ideal moment toperform the procedure is when themare has a minimum of 15 follicles of1cm or larger. If there are not enoughfollicles present during this scan, theovaries are reassessed 3-4 weeks laterto allow enough time for folliculargrowth. Unfortunately, oocytes are toosmall (0.125 – 0.15mm)to visualise viaultrasound. Therefore, the follicles,which contain the oocytes, arevisualised by inserting an ultrasoundprobe, equipped with a needle guide,into the vagina.74 | BRITISH BREEDERThe ovary is then grasped via therectum and held against the vaginalwall. The fluid of each follicle isaspirated and subsequently flushedseveral times to enhance oocyterecovery. After aspiration of all visiblefollicles, the recovered fluid is filteredand searched for the presence ofthe oocytes. The oocytes are thentransferred into a transport mediumand shipped to a specialised lab,where they are placed in a maturationmedium for 24h. This is because therecovered oocytes are not yet readyto be fertilised. During the normalcycle of the mare, this maturationhappens while the follicle grows. Thematuration medium contains the samekind of hormones that are present inthe follicular fluid. After the 24h ofincubation in the maturation medium,the oocytes are assessed under themicroscope to evaluate whether or notthey have successfully matured. Onlymatured oocytes will be fertilised.Fertilisation in the lab is done by atechnique called IntracytoplasmicSperm Injection (ICSI) in which a singlespermatozoon is injected into theoocyte. The oocyte is then transferredinto another medium to promotethe development into an embryo.This development takes between 7-9days. The fertilised oocytes that havesuccessfully developed into an embryowill then be frozen and stored intoliquid nitrogen and shipped back tothe clinic. The frozen embryo can bethawed and transferred at any timeduring the breeding season when thereis a suitable recipient mare available.OPU-ICSI has many advantages. Someinfertile mares fail to produce a viableembryo for ET. Most common reasonsfor this are pathology of the oviducts,chronic uterine infections, cervicaldefects, or hormonal imbalances.These mares might lend themselves toOPU and ICSI, as with this procedureDr Kaatje Ducheyne, PhD, MVSc, DipECAR, MRCVSSussex Equine Hospital / 01903 883050we completely circumvent the mare’sreproductive tract and transfer theearly embryonic development into thelaboratory. Other common candidatesfor OPU-ICSI are competition mares.Although ET allows the mare toproduce offspring without the needof carrying the foal herself, it is hardto plan the procedure into a busycompetition calendar. This is becausethe mare needs close monitoringof her reproductive cycle in orderto determine the optimal time ofinsemination, and then the embryoneeds to be flushed out one weeklater. For those mares OPU can bea good option since it is performedduring a single visit to the clinic.Another benefit of OPU for competitionhorses is that there is no hormonaltreatment required. OPU-ICSI is furtherused in cases of stallion infertility orto optimise the use of expensive orlimited stocks of frozen semen. One0.5ml straw of frozen semen can,depending on the quality, be used for3- 5 ICSI sessions. Furthermore, sinceICSI-embryos are frozen, there is nopressure to synchronise the donor andthe recipient mare. Frozen embryoscan be transferred at your convenienceand allow planning when the foalshould be born. Frozen ICSI-embryosare now often sold on auctions.Additionally, ICSI offers a chance toproduce offspring in case of suddendeath, as long as the ovaries are swiftlyremoved, and transported to a facility,where the follicles can be aspirated.All this will have a great influence onhorse breeding and will change theconditions under which frozen semenis sold. Until recently, UK breedersneeded to go to the continent for theOPU procedure. Since autumn 2019however, Sussex Equine Hospital isoffering this procedure as the onlyhospital in the UK.In summary, ET and OPU-ICSI havecreated new opportunities in horsebreeding but deciding what is thebest option for your mare needs tobe decided on an individual basis. Nomatter what option you choose, wewish you all the best ofluck for this year’sbreedingseason.
ROT-FREE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSMADE FROM 100% RECYCLED PLASTICPASTURE FENCE (3 OR 5 CROSSBARS)FENCE POSTSPADDOCK SLABSSTUD COURSES 2020Artificial InseminationTechnicians Training11 & 12 March and 24 & 25 MarchFoaling The Mare14 MarchFoal & Yearling Management15 March*STUD OPEN DAY 18 APRIL 2020*Pilkingtons SiteRake Lane, SwintonManchester M27 8LJ+44 (0)161 850 1965info@hahnplastics.co.ukwww.hahnplastics.co.ukContact lizwilkinson@twemlows.co.ukWhitchurch, Shropshire, SY13 2EZTel: +44(0)1948 664966www.twemlows.co.uk | www.facebook.com/twemlowsJoin us onFacebookANDESMAGIC MORRIS1989 dark bay2006 bay 14hh reg16.3hh TB byConnemara. FantasticShiney Tenth. New Hill Farm & movement Studand aGraded with SHBdelightful personality. By(GB). NEW Frozen 2019 - DRYMILLS BRIDGEBOYthe legendary Boden ParkSemen Only. An 1999 Grey 14.2hh Class Finnard 1 out of Tathamupstanding, big moving, versatile horse, the sire ofBabydoll (tested HWSDnumerous champion show hunters and event horses. A pony getting quality typey N/N). stockHimself many times champion with his progeny following in his footsteps.Stud Fee £500Stud Fee £250 NFFRSuperb temperament and very fertile.SUBTLEPOWER16.2 bay 1997 bySadlers Wells outof Mosaique Bleue(Shirley Heights).A high class middistancehorse. Latertop class winner over 11f in US. A true National Hunt sire.Stud Fee £500 NFFRDRYMILLSBRIDGEBOY1999 Moy Grey 14.2hh Hazy Class Cove 1Connemara. A pony gettingquality typey stock. Himselfmany times championwithLishinhis progenyLadyfollowingin his footsteps. Superbtemperament and very fertile.Stud Fee £250 NFFRHazy DawnAYE AYESKIPPER2006 RID Grade 1 greyWindy Cove16.2hh by Skippy Too outof Maeve (HuntingfieldAbbeyleix FionnProud Tim). Fantasticback breeding. The sireof the champion foal atLacken Rocky Covethe IDHS breed show 2015 & 2016. Res Ch 2017 & 2018.Stud Fee £400 NFFRMAGIC MORRISPlease call Mark Fitton on 0161 790 2831 Mobile: 07831 4459442006 BAY 14.00hh Class 1. HWSD tested N/N.Please visit: www.newhillfarmstud.co.uk BRITISH BREEDER| 75A true pony, unmistakably a Connemara, by the legendary Boden ParkFinnard. Fantastic movement, superb limbs with fabulous short shins,good feet and a delightful personality.
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BRITISHBREEDERFebruary 2020STALLION
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British Breeder Magazine Feb 2020

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