Chapter 1 - Brunel University

Chapter 2: Literature Review
Service Online
Stage 3: Transform
the Enterprise
Stage 4: Next
Generation
Government
Implementing basic services that are installed and adding an
e-government presence to existing services.
Increasing emphasis is upon the automation of back office
processes and integration both within and between services.
It emphasizes future generation government, where most
business processes are re-engineered and IS/IT systems are
collaborated through organisation. This stage implies total
transformation of government.
5 Stage Model
Table 2.10:
5- Stage Models For E-government Implementation
Perception Reference
Stage 1: Emerging Creating a government website with limited information. UN, (2001).
Stage 2: Enhanced Updating information regularly.
Stage 3: Interactive Provides users with reasonable levels of interaction enabling
them to download forms and paying parking tickets.
Stage 4:
Transactional
Enables users to complete online transactions, e.g. obtaining
visas, licences, passports.
Stage 5: Seamless or
Fully Integrated
Provides services across administrative and departmental
lines with the highest level of integration.
Stage 1: Simple Representing a basic form of e-government uses e.g. Hiller and
Information Age disseminating information by posting it on the web sites. Bélanger,
Stage 2: Request and
Response
Facilitation of citizen and government interaction.
(2001).
Stage 3: Service and
Financial
Transactions occur both between governments and
individuals (e.g. obtaining visa), and between governments
and businesses (i.e. ordering office facilities).
Stage 4: Integration This is similar to the last two stages in the Layne and Lee
(2001) four-stage model. This stage refers to integrating
separate systems at different levels (vertical) and from
Stage 5: Political different departments (horizontal).
Participation
Promotion of political participation through services such as
online voting and surveys.
Table 2.11:
6- Stage Model For E-government Implementation
6 Stage Model Perception Reference
Stage 1: Information
Publish/Dissemination
Stage 2: Official Twoway
Transaction
Stage 3: Multi-purpose
Portals
Stage 4: Portal
Personalization
Stage 5: Clustering of
Common Services
Stage 6: Full
Integration/Enterprise
Transaction
Governments provide users with increased access to
information.
Agencies provide interaction between governments and users
by using ICT such as digital signatures and security keys.
Governments utilise a single portal to provide universal
service across multiple departments.
Governments enable users to customise portals according to
their own desires.
Governments enhance collaboration and reduce intermediaries
(between operational processes) in order to provide a unified
and seamless service.
An ideal vision in which governments provide sophisticated,
unified and personalised services to every customer according
to their own needs and preferences.
Deloitte
and
Touche,
(2001).
In summarising the aforementioned e-government implementation stage models, the
author accentuates that there is no mutual conformity among the different scholars
Shafi Al-Shafi 31