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f) The martyrdom of Hadhrat Hussein, known as the incident of

Karbalâ, occurred in Irâq. The murderers and the ones who had

plotted his death and brought him over were all from Irâq. The

first claims of the shia were made by a jew who portrayed

himself as a revert to Islâm, viz. Abdullûh ibn Saba (also known

as Ibn Saudah). Although he came from Yemen, the area he

chose for laying the foundation of his false creed was none

other than Irâq (Kûfa and Basrah) and Egypt 14 .

g) the rise of the jabariyâh occurred in Irâq/Irân. The leader of this

sect was Jahm ibn Safwân 15 , who studied under Ja’d ibn

Dirham 16 in Basrah. Jahm was from Khurâsân (Irân), and in the

forefront of the call to overthrow the rule of the Banu

Ummayyah.

h) Irâq was the birthplace of the sect known as the qadariyâh. The

first recorded claims regarding the denial of Taqdîr came from

Ma’bad Juhani in Basrah. 17

i) The rise of Mukhtâr ibn Ubeid Thaqafi (the liar,) occurred in

Kufa. Claiming to take revenge from the killers of Hadhrat

Husein, he had thousands of innocent men, women and

children slaughtered. He even laid claim to being a recipient of

فلما قد عبد اهلل بن سبأ البصرة نزؿ على حكيم بن جبلة،‏ واجتمع إليو نفر،‏ فنفث فيهم سمومو،‏ فأخرج ابن عامر عبد اهلل بن

سبأ من البصرة،‏ فأتى الكوفة فأخرج منها،‏ ومن ىناؾ رحل ابن سبأ إلى الفسطاط ولبث فيو وجعل يكاتبهم ويكاتبونو،‏ ويختلف

الرجاؿ بينهم،‏ وذكر الطبري أف السبئية لما قرروا الزحف من األمصار على مدينة الرسوؿ صلى اهلل عليو وآلو وسلم كاف عدد من

خرج منهم من البصرة كعدد من خرج من مصر ‏)العواصم من القواصم - قوؿ علي أف الخارجين على عثماف حساد طالب دنيا(‏

الجهمية:‏ تنتسب الجهمية إلى الجهم بن صفواف من أىل خراساف ومولى لبني راسب،‏ تتلمذ على الجعد بن درىم وكاف كاتباً‏

للحارث بن سريح،‏ الذي أثار الفتن ضد الدولة األموية في خراساف،‏ وكاف جهم يقرأ سيرتو ويدعو إلى توليتو،‏ ويحرص الناس على

المؤلف :

16 J’ad ‘coincidentally’ happened to be the first person to voice the filthy opinion that

18

الخروج ‏)الدولة األموية عوامل اإلزدىار وتداعيات اإلنهيار

علي محمد

محمد الصًّصالَّالب ‏َّالي(‏

the Qurân-e-Majîd is a created word.

عَنْ‏

يَحْيَى بْ‏ ‏ِن يػَعْمَُر قَا ‏َؿ:‏ كَافَ‏ أَوَّال ‏ُؿ

مَ‏ ‏ْن قَا ‏َؿ فِي الْقَدَ‏ ‏ِر بِالْبَصْرَةِ‏ مَعْبٌَد

الْجُهَنِ‏ ‏ُّيى ‏)معارج القبوؿ بشرح سلم الوصوؿ(‏

14

15

17

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