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Madison Messenger - April 18th, 2021

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PAGE 10 - MADISON MESSENGER - <strong>April</strong> 18, <strong>2021</strong><br />

www.madisonmessengernews.com<br />

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Know when to prune<br />

spring-blooming shrubs<br />

By Jane Kutzley<br />

<strong>Madison</strong> County Master Gardener<br />

Question: My forsythia shrub looks big and<br />

healthy, but it had very few blooms this spring.<br />

It was gorgeous last year. What happened?<br />

If your shrub appears to be healthy,<br />

other than the lack of blooms, then it was<br />

probably pruned at the wrong time of year.<br />

Knowing when to prune flowering shrubs is<br />

important. If done at the wrong time, the<br />

blooms will be eliminated or greatly reduced<br />

in number.<br />

Some shrubs bloom on old wood. Forsythia<br />

is one example. This means that the<br />

shrub sets its blooms for the next year<br />

shortly after blooming this year. So, up to<br />

nine or 10 months before it blooms, even<br />

though you can’t actually see it, a forsythia<br />

has started to develop blooms for the next<br />

spring. By the time it actually blooms, the<br />

branches are nearly a year old and are considered<br />

old wood.<br />

When pruning shrubs that bloom on old<br />

wood, it is critical not to prune between the<br />

time the buds are set and the time it actually<br />

flowers. That means that there is only<br />

a small window of time shortly after the<br />

shrub blooms when it can be pruned without<br />

worry about reducing next year’s<br />

blooms.<br />

Other shrubs bloom on new wood. Butterfly<br />

bush and button bush are two examples.<br />

These set their buds shortly before<br />

they bloom, so the branches are younger<br />

and the time from bud set to bloom is much<br />

shorter. New wood shrubs can be pruned<br />

much later in the season without reducing<br />

the quantity of blooms.<br />

A general rule of thumb is that springflowering<br />

shrubs bloom on old wood while<br />

summer flowering shrubs bloom on new<br />

wood. There are exceptions, of course, and<br />

just to make things even more interesting,<br />

some families of shrubs have members that<br />

bloom on old wood and others that bloom on<br />

new wood. Hydrangea macrophyllum<br />

(bigleaf hydrangea) blooms on old wood but<br />

Hydrangea arborescens (smooth hydrangea)<br />

and Hydrangea paniculata (panicled hydrangea)<br />

bloom on new wood. Spirea is another<br />

example. Spring-blooming spirea<br />

blooms on old wood. Summer-blooming<br />

spirea blooms on new wood.<br />

A quick Internet search will tell you<br />

whether your shrub blooms on old or new<br />

wood. If you don’t know what kind of shrub<br />

you have and you want to have as many<br />

blooms as possible, then limit your pruning<br />

to the month after your shrub finishes its<br />

annual bloom cycle. Then there’s no need to<br />

worry about old or new wood. However, you<br />

must resist the urge to “neaten it up” as the<br />

season progresses.<br />

One more interesting twist is that some<br />

of the newer shrub cultivars bloom on both<br />

old and new wood and are called rebloomers.<br />

This means that whenever you<br />

prune, you will be eliminating some blooms.<br />

Current advice is to prune a reblooming<br />

shrub as infrequently as possible and to do<br />

any pruning at the end of a particularly<br />

heavy bloom cycle.

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