Student Hand Book 2021-2022

This module is designed to facilitate the learning of normal processes related to the cardiovascular and
respiratory system. This is achieved by integrating the knowledge of anatomy, histology, embryology,
physiology, and biochemistry.
Part 1: Cardiovascular and hematologic system I
This module covers the mediastinum, intercostal space with coronary and intercostal arteries, in
addition to hematopoiesis, blood cells, and the histology of cardiac muscle, arteries, and veins.
Concurrently, students learn the development of heart and blood vessels along with fetal circulation.
Students will also acquire the knowledge of physiological processes of cardiac and pacemaker action
potential, cardiac conduction, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, hemodynamics, hemostasis, and
blood grouping along with its application. The module also addresses the energy sources and
metabolism in cardiac muscle, glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis, metabolism of monosaccharides
besides cell signaling, molecular genetics, and inherited genetic diseases. The knowledge acquired in
this module will be the foundation to understand the abnormal process (or diseases) related to the
cardiovascular and hemostatic system in the higher semesters. The objectives of the module will be
covered through lectures and various active learning sessions over a period of 4 weeks.
Part 2: Respiratory system I
The module also covers the structural details of lungs and pleura along with the development of nasal
cavity, paranasal sinuses, diaphragm, and respiratory system as a whole including the related
congenital anomalies. The understanding of histology of trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli,
pneumocytes, and associated pathologies will be ensured through lectures and laboratory exercises.
The students will also develop a concept of mechanics of breathing, lung volume and capacities, gas
exchange at lung and tissue level, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation of respiration and
the integrated response of the respiratory system to different physiological conditions such as high
altitude, hyperbaric environment, etc. The chemistry, biosynthesis, and catabolism of hemoglobin will
be covered along with hemoglobinopathies and liver function tests. The cell signaling pathways and
signal transduction will help the students understand the drug development process and
pharmacogenetics. Therefore, this module is an essential foundation to diagnose and manage
respiratory disorders. The objectives of the module will be covered through lectures and various active
learning sessions over a period of 2 weeks. ICM and Frontiers–Ethics and Principles of Biomedical
Research (PBMR) will run parallel to the modules.
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