ACKNOWlEDGMENTSWe don't get where we're going alone.A big thank youTo my advisors and dissertation committee forembracing unfamiliar territory: Professors Ruth Vi=, RobbieMcClintock, Maxine Greene, and Mary Hafeli.To Professor Graeme Sullivan and his wife Mary for theirsteadfast counsel even at a distance.To Professors Judith Burton, Barbara Tversky, YolandaSealey-Ruiz, Lalitha Vasudevan, Olga Hubard, Sheridan Blau,and the late Frank Moretti.To my mentors and friends Charles McGee and ProfessorFred Goodman.To the Provost's Doctoral Dissertation Grant, Teachers College,Columbia University.To Vice Provost William Baldwin and Provost Thomas ]ames.To Rocky Schwarz and his team for dealing with my continualprinting requests.To Professor Cathy Davidson (and her HASTAC network) forchampioning this work.To Donald Brinkman for supreme generosity in putting on anamazing exhibition of the work at Microsoft Research.To my cohort Andrea Kantrowitz, Marta Cabral, Tara Thompson,Daiyu Suzuki, Razia Sadik, and co-conspirators Suzanne Choo andRyan Goble.To friends and collaborators Timothy K. Eatman, Adam Bush,Christy Blanch, Yen Yen Woo, Stergios Botzakis, Jarod Roselló,Marcus Weaver-Hightower, Brooke Sheridan, Matt Finch,Donald Blumenfeld-Jones, Bill Ayers, Jim Hall, AnastasiaSalter, Adam Bessie, Jill A. Perry, Leigh Graves Wolf, BenBennett-Carpenter, Adrian Holme, Sharon Farb, Andrew191
* . :i' .Wales, Paul Thomas, Susanne Beechey, Andy Malone,~tt Sikora, Sambuddha Saha, Andrew Butler, Adam'Mc~overn, Remi Holden, Alexander Rothman, AndreaTsurGmi, Paul Hirsch, Louis Bury, Mike Rohde, MornaMcDermott, Daniel Powell, Meg Lemke, and Natalya Rolbin.To Leo Tarantino and Stephanie Huffaker, who read andresponded to chapters as I finished them.To Sydni Dunn and Nick DeSantis of The Chronicle of HigherEducation, Katya Korableva of Russia's Theory&Practice, ]ohn O'Reillyof the UK's Varoom Magazine, Anthony Salcito for Microsoft's DailyEdventures, Maureen Bakis, Nate Matias, Hannah Means-Shannon,Patrick Cox, Chris Malmberg, and Brett Terpstra.To the support of the Stanford Graphic Narrative Project and mycolleagues, Angela Becerra Vidergar, Vanessa Chang, and Haerin Shin.To Imagining America and the Association for InterdisciplinaryStudies and the support of their individual members.To my students at Teachers College, Parsons, Wayne StateUniversity, and on the tennis courts.To Scott McCloud, David Small, Ben Katchor, Lynda Barry, MattMadden, R. Sikoryak, Jim Ottaviani, Karen Green, Kent Worcester,Gene Kannenberg, ]r., Charles Hatfield, and the New York Comics andPicture-stories Symposium.To my earliest comics collaborators Joe Jokinen, Matt Kaspari, KyleRoberts, and Tim Newell.To all the participants from around the world who shared theirfeet! Ruud & Maudi Cox, Hattie Kennedy, Damon Herd, CarlyPiirainen Davis & family, Alyssa Niccolini, Linda Allen, Marta Cabral& anonymous, Sarah Chauncey, Paddy Johnston, Leigh Graves Wolf,A. David Lewis,]. Nathan Mattias, Devin Berg, Cathy Peet, RussellWillerton, Chris Moffett, Paul Tritter, Charles Shryock IV, CathyRosamond & Family, Adam Bush, Marcus Weaver-Hightower & family, Kathleen Mo ore, + M, Jennifer,Louis Bury, Rebecca Kuhlmann Taylor, Gray EvelynTaylor, Remi Holden, Marcelle, Marcos, Tim,Steph, Anna Smith, Sharon Farb, Leslie M, ToddGrappone, Eliza Lamb, Donald Davenport,Vanessa Chang, Sean Kleefeld, Lauren Albert,Ivory Kris, Maggie Whitten, Kurt Hozak,192
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Nick SousanisUNFLATTENING111111Harv
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CONTENTSflatness ... 1flatland .. .
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1iE POTENTIAL~I<.GYIN THI~~ IC CI<.
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HAVING BE?S'N, A5 MARCU5E?PUT IT, "
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Hl€õ WORD€õIN€õUFFICIE:NT,
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~IWPTING THe5e DeePL.Y INGRAINeD PA
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:."< ~E:E:KING NE:W APPI<!OACHE:~ F
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IN AN E:FFORT TO MAKE THE:OB5E:I<.V
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IN THI5 NE:W INTE:Gf'ATE:D LAND5CAP
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WHE:N TAKEN TOGE:THE:R,AOS BAKHTIN
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IN PI'E:PAI'ATION FOR THe JOURNE:Y
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PIVOTINC.S FWMTHE:' CYCLOPTICTO 5e'
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.). FURTHE:I<. CI<.E:NULATION: IN.J
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Traditionally, words have been priv
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Y!rr DESCARTES WA-5 AT000'5 WITH Hl
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WE'RE CONCE'RNE'D WITH THE'WAYS IN
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60A MEAN-6 OF 6RAPP1-IN6WITH EXPERI
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f'MBSDDSD WITHIN THS ~cQUcNTIAL~I
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OVSI<. THS COUI<.5SOF THI5 CHAPTEI<
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THc IMAGc-TCXT DIVIDe .••BIC:cA
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AND WE1 DO THI6E1VE1f<.Y IN6TANT.73
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::;wM CALM TO HeiSHTeNeD,' D~WN LIN
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oFOI<. ALL OUI<.MS:NTAL PI<.OWe~~'O
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THE FIFTH DIMENSION
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-;-; ~· ·DANCING AND DARTING, OUR
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!4eFLeCTING UPON THI5 NOWBRING5 TO
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WHEN IDEA5 AI<.E WI<.ITTEN IN5TONE
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As you wi11 reca11, throughthe acti
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~S:PARATS: '/S:TCONNS:CTS:D.AND 50
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