drinkworld Technology + Marketing 4/2021

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Processing Ready for the future: Process heat solutions from Bosch for the use of hydrogen, biofuels or green electricity – both for new systems and for retrofitting existing systems. In the flue gas technology sector, established design rules and technologies can be used like in natural gas firing units. Due to the high specific heat capacity or enthalpy of the water vapor in the flue gas, the so-called calorific value technology can be used in equal measure for the combustion of hydrogen. During the phase change from water vapor in the flue gas to liquid water, Simplified illustration of green hydrogen production with process heat integration. significantly more energy is released than during the pure temperature reduction in waste heat usage. The flue gas temperature can be reduced from 130 °C to 60 °C using condensing heat exchanges, resulting in fuel savings of 26
Processing up to 7%. However, this requires a heat sink, for instance to preheat the brewing water or to heat the brewery house and offices in a brewery. In practice, the overall efficiency of systems of this kind is up to 103% relative to the net calorific value, or 98% from a primary energy perspective. Why not use green electricity directly? Using purely electrical steam and hot water generators is rarely an attractive option in many countries such as Germany due to the high electricity costs. Nevertheless, electrical steam generators do have their strengths – e.g. in smaller drinks companies or breweries with relatively few production hours each week. Similarly, some businesses own photovoltaic systems and can use electric boilers or hybrid boilers with electrical heater rods and burners to increase the proportion of green electricity they use by a significant amount. Decisive factors for "powerto-heat" include energy prices and the underlying policies in the corresponding country. In regions with low energy prices and correspondingly well-established network infrastructures for large consumers, the use of electric boilers is already on the rise. Establishing a sustainable energy supply It is not currently possible to predict whether hydrogen will become the energy source of the future. The same goes for the timescale in which businesses will be offered the opportunity to completely eliminate CO 2 emissions through the use of fossil fuels. While green energy sources with annual CO 2 fixing (biogas, bio-oil) are only available to a limited extent, green electricity and hydrogen represent a chance to comprehensively replace this avoidable CO 2 load. In some cases, it is possible to modernize existing boiler systems for an acceptable cost. Currently, the limiting factors are still availability and economic feasibility – the technology itself, in contrast, is fully developed and ready for the use of hydrogen. It is therefore a good idea to already provide new systems with interfaces for later conversion, e.g. designing them to be “hydrogen-ready” or as a hybrid version with an electric heater. In any case, checking existing systems to assess their future suitability is a practical step. This process frequently uncovers many potentials to save CO 2 , which can be used, for example, through heat recovery equipment – resulting in not just a decrease in fuel costs, but a sustainable reduction in the company's CO 2 footprint. The Author Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Daniel Gosse MBA is Head of Marketing at Bosch Thermotechnology Commercial & Industrial drinkworld Technology + Marketing 27
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