Viking Traveller 2nd Issue

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MEDITERRANEAN HISTORY Empires have risen and fallen in this fascinating region 52 viking.com
TRAVEL For more than 5,000 years, the Mediterranean has been at the centre of history (its name literally means “amid land,” or “the centre of earth”). Some of the earliest civilisations were born in the middle of the Mediterranean region, on one of its largest islands, the Greek island of Crete. Crete and Greece as a whole form an integral part of Mediterranean history, as the ancient Greeks set out to establish colonies across modern Europe and North Africa, with settlements everywhere from France to Sicily and even Crimea. The birthplace of democracy, Athens’s influence spread across the sea, and following Alexander’s conquest of the Persian Empire, Athenians established modern-day Greece, the Middle East and Egypt as Greek speaking, which they would remain until their ultimate annexation by the Roman Republic. This Roman Republic became an empire, which ruled every corner of the Mediterranean, or Mare Nostrum (Our Sea). The legacy of the Romans can be felt everywhere in Europe, with ruins, roads, and of course, aqueducts, but also the more subtle legacy of Latin, the root of most widely spoken languages in Europe. The empire split and Rome declined, with the West ultimately falling in 476, but the Roman Empire lived on in the East, centreed around the “Queen of Cities,” Constantinople (now Istanbul). This was the greatest city in the world until it was besieged in 1204 when the Crusaders arrived, capturing, looting and destroying parts of it. Istanbul was also split by faith—between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Church, a difference that becomes apparent the farther east you go. The Holy Land itself is a feature of the Mediterranean, and includes Israel, which became a state in 1948. You can trace the routes taken by Crusaders who sailed from Europe into what is now modern-day Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and Israel, and fought against the Islamic world for nearly 200 years. In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, who had formed an empire after being driven east by the Mongol Hordes in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ottomans dominated the eastern Mediterranean for the next 500 years. The remains of the western Roman Empire, meanwhile, would be fought over by Spain, Britain and France. While the Spanish went into the Atlantic and the French enjoyed their Napoleonic moment of domination and ruled North Africa, it would be the British who took the Suez Canal in the 1800s and established control over Egypt. British rule over Gibraltar continues to this day, and their control of Malta, Gibraltar and the Suez was instrumental in the defeat of Benito Mussolini’s Italy and his German allies during World War II. Recent history has seen the birth of dozens of new countries; and today, the Mediterranean remains a strong symbol of possibility and freedom around the world. viking.com 53
Page 1 and 2: THE VIKING TRAVELLER HOME OF TR AVE
Page 3 and 4: Welcome to the second edition of Vi
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS 6-15 LIVING WITH NATURE Th
Page 7 and 8: NATURE viking.com 7
Page 9 and 10: NATURE LIVING WITH NATURE As well a
Page 13 and 14: NATURE FALU RED Known for its use o
Page 17 and 18: ITINERARY viking.com 17
Page 19 and 20: ITINERARY Reykjavík North Sea Flå
Page 21 and 22: CITY GUIDE The charming city of Ber
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Page 25 and 26: TRAVEL Look, there’s an ancient c
Page 27 and 28: An eight-day 2023 Rhine Getaway jou
Page 29 and 30: CITY GUIDE Gazing out across its me
Page 31 and 32: THE CHAIN BRIDGE AT NIGHT, BUDAPEST
Page 33 and 34: THE ARCTIC The sight of a polar bea
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Page 43 and 44: In the warm and welcoming restauran
Page 45 and 46: TRAVEL To get closer, kayaks, zodia
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Page 49 and 50: OLYMPIC SWIMMERS The world’s fast
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Viking Traveller 2nd Issue

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