KAMLA NAGAR, DELHI - 110007 ANIMATION | VFX tel. - CHANGE

DECEMBER 2011
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM: The
Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed
hierarchical naming system for computers,
services, or any resource connected to the
Internet or a private network. It associates
various information with domain names assigned
to each of the participants. Most importantly, it
translates domain names meaningful to humans
into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated
with networking equipment for the purpose of
locating and addressing these devices
worldwide. An often-used analogy to explain
the Domain Name System is that it serves as the
“phone book” for the Internet by translating
human-friendly computer hostnames into IP
addresses.
WWW: The World Wide Web, abbreviated as
WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a
system of interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web browser,
one can view web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them by using hyperlinks.
“The World-Wide Web (W3) was developed to
be a pool of human knowledge, and human
culture, which would allow collaborators in
remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects
of a common project.” English engineer and
computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee
developed it.
PROCESSOR REGISTERS: are
located inside the processor. Each register
typically holds a word of data (often 32 or 64
bits). CPU instructions instruct the arithmetic
and logic unit to perform various calculations
or other operations on this data (or with the
help of it). Registers are technically among the
fastest of all forms of computer data storage.
PROCESSOR CACHE: is an intermediate
stage between ultra-fast registers and much
slower main memory. It’s introduced solely to
increase performance of the computer. Most
actively used information in the main memory is
just duplicated in the cache memory, which is
faster, but of much lesser capacity. On the other
hand it is much slower, but much larger than
processor registers.
NON-VOLATILE MEMORY: Will
retain the stored information even if it is not
constantly supplied with electric power. It is
suitable for long-term storage of information.
Nowadays used for most of secondary, tertiary,
and off-line storage. In 1950s and 1960s, it was
also used for primary storage, in the form of
magnetic core memory.
VOLATILE MEMORY: Requires
constant power to maintain the stored
information. The fastest memory technologies
of today are volatile ones (not a universal rule).
Since primary storage is required to be very fast,
it predominantly uses volatile memory.
DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY: A form of volatile memory which
also requires the stored information to be
periodically re-read and re-written, or refreshed,
otherwise it would vanish.
STATIC MEMORY: A form of volatile
memory similar to DRAM with the exception
that it never needs to be refreshed as long as
power is applied. (It loses its content if power is
removed).
LATENCY: The time it takes to access a
particular location in storage. The relevant unit
of measurement is typically nanosecond for
primary storage, millisecond for secondary
storage, and second for tertiary storage. It may
make sense to separate read latency and write
latency, and in case of sequential access
storage, minimum, maximum and average latency.
DIRECT-ATTACHED STORAGE
(DAS): is a traditional mass storage that does
not use any network. This is still a most popular
approach. This term was coined lately, together
with NAS and SAN.
OPTICAL STORAGE: the typical optical
disc, stores information in deformities on the
surface of a circular disc and reads this
information by illuminating the surface with a
laser diode and observing the reflection. Optical
disc storage is non-volatile. The deformities may
be permanent (read only media), formed once
(write once media) or reversible (recordable or
read/write media).
MAGNETIC STORAGE: uses different
patterns of magnetization on a magnetically
coated surface to store information. Magnetic
storage is non-volatile. The information is
accessed using one or more read/write heads
which may contain one or more recording
transducers. A read/write head only covers a
part of the surface so that the head or medium
or both must be moved relative to another in
order to access data.
SOCIAL NETWORK SERVICE:
A social network service is an online service,
platform, or site that focuses on building and
reflecting of social networks or social relations
among people, e.g., who share interests and/or
activities. A social network service essentially
consists of a representation of each user (often
a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of
additional services. Most social network
services are web based and provide means for
users to interact over the internet, such as email
and instant messaging. Popular methods
now combine many of these, with Facebook,
Bebo and Twitter widely used worldwide;
MySpace and LinkedIn being the most widely
used in North America; Nexopia (mostly in
Canada); Bebo, Hi5, Hyves (mostly in The
Netherlands), StudiVZ (mostly in Germany),
iWiW (mostly in Hungary), Tuenti (mostly in
Spain), Nasza-Klasa (mostly in
Poland),Decayenne, Tagged, XING, Badoo and
Skyrock in parts of Europe; Orkut and Hi5 in
South America, India and Central America; and
Friendster, Mixi, Multiply, Orkut, Wretch, renren
and Cyworld in Asia and the Pacific Islands and
Orkut and Facebook in India. Social impacts:
Web based social network services make it
possible to connect people who share interests
and activities across political, economic, and
geographic borders. Through e-mail and instant
messaging, online communities are created
where a gift economy and reciprocal altruism
are encouraged through cooperation.
Information is particularly suited to gift
economy, as information is a nonrival good and
can be gifted at practically no cost. Facebook
and other social networking tools are
increasingly the object of scholarly research.
Scholars in many fields have begun to
investigate the impact of social networking sites,
investigating how such sites may play into
issues of identity, privacy, social capital, youth
culture, and education. Several websites are
beginning to tap into the power of the social
networking model for philanthropy. Such models
provide a means for connecting otherwise
fragmented industries and small organizations
without the resources to reach a broader
audience with interested users. Social networks
are providing a different way for individuals to
communicate digitally. These communities of
hypertexts allow for the sharing of information
and ideas, an old concept placed in a digital
environment. The relative freedom afforded by
social networking services has caused concern
regarding the potential of its misuse by
individual patrons. In October 2006, a fake
Myspace profile created in the name of Josh
Evans by Lori Janine Drew led to the suicide of
Megan Meier. The event incited global concern
regarding the use of social networking services
for bullying purposes.
SKYPE: Skype is a software application that
allows users to make voice calls over the
Internet. Calls to other users within the Skype
service are free, while calls to both traditional
landline telephones and mobile phones can be
made for a fee using a debit-based user account
system. Skype has also become popular for its
additional features which include instant
messaging, file transfer, and video conferencing.
The network is operated by a company called
Skype Limited, headquartered in Luxembourg
and partly owned by eBay.
ORKUT: Orkut is a social networking website
that is owned and operated by Google Inc. The
service is designed to help users meet new
friends and maintain existing relationships. The
website is named after its creator, Google
employee Orkut Büyükkökten. It is one of the
most visited websites in India and Brazil.
BING: Bing (formerly Live Search, Windows
Live Search, and MSN Search) is the current
web search engine (advertised as a “decision
engine”) from Microsoft. Bing is the third largest
search engine on the web by query volume after
its competitor Google and Yahoo.
3GPP: The 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of
telecommunications associations, to make a
globally applicable third-generation (3G) mobile
phone system specification within the scope of
the International Mobile Telecommunications-
2000 project of the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU).
APPLE INC: Apple Inc. is an American
multinational corporation that designs and
markets consumer electronics, computer
software, and personal computers. The
company’s best-known hardware products
include the Macintosh line of computers, the
iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Apple software
includes the Mac OS X operating system; the
iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of
multimedia and creativity software; the iWork
suite of productivity software; Aperture, a
professional photography package; Final Cut
Studio, a suite of professional audio and filmindustry
software products; Logic Studio, a
suite of music production tools and its iOS
Mobile Operating System. Steve Jobs (Cofounder,
Chairman and CEO) of this company.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: An assembly
language is a low-level programming language
for computers, microprocessors,
microcontrollers, and other integrated circuits.
It implements a symbolic representation of the
binary machine codes and other constants
needed to program a given CPU architecture.
CAD: Computer-aided design (CAD), also
known as computer-aided drafting and design
(CADD), is the use of computer technology for
the process of design and designdocumentation.
Computer Aided Drafting
describes the process of drafting with a
computer. CADD software, or environments,
provide the user with input-tools for the purpose
of streamlining design processes; drafting,
documentation, and manufacturing processes.
COBOL: COBOL is one of the oldest
programming languages. Its name is an acronym
for COmmon Business-Oriented Language,
defining its primary domain in business, finance,
and administrative systems for companies and
governments. The COBOL 2002 standard
includes support for object-oriented
programming and other modern language
features.
COMPILER: A compiler is a computer
program (or set of programs) that transforms
source code written in a programming language
(the source language) into another computer
language (the target language, often having a
binary form known as object code). The most
common reason for wanting to transform source
code is to create an executable program. The
name “compiler” is primarily used for programs
that translate source code from a high-level
programming language to a lower level language
(e.g., assembly language or machine code).
DBASE: dBase II was the first widely used
database management system (DBMS) for
microcomputers. It was originally published by
Ashton-Tate for CP/M, and later on ported to
the Apple II and IBM PC under DOS. On the PC
platform in particular it became one of the bestselling
software titles for a number of years.
DIASPORA: Diaspora is an open-source
personal web server that implements a
distributed social networking service. The
developers aim for it to be a decentralized
alternative to social network services like
Facebook.
EBAY INC. is an American Internet company
that manages eBay.com, an online auction and
shopping website in which people and
businesses buy and sell a broad variety of
goods and services worldwide. Founded in
1995, eBay is one of the notable success stories
of the dot-com bubble; it is now a multi-billion
dollar business with operations localized in over
thirty countries.
FACEBOOK: Facebook is a social
networking website. It is operated and privately
owned by Facebook, Inc. with more than 500
million active users in July 2010, which is about
one person for every fourteen in the world.
Users can add people as friends and send them
messages, and update their personal profiles to
notify friends about themselves.
DOS: DOS, short for “Disk Operating System”,
is a shorthand term for several closely related
operating systems that dominated the IBM PC
compatible market between 1981 and 1995, or
until about 2000 if one includes the partially
DOS-based Microsoft Windows versions 95, 98,
and Millennium Edition.
FORTRAN: Fortran (blends derived from
IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System)
is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative
programming language that is especially suited
to numeric computation and scientific
computing. Originally developed by IBM
FRIENDSTER: Friendster is a social
networking website. It is in the top 500 global
websites based on web traffic.
FOXPRO: FoxPro is a text-based
procedurally-oriented programming language
and DBMS, originally published by Fox
Software and later by Microsoft, for MS-DOS,
MS Windows, Apple Macintosh, and UNIX.
Although FoxPro is a Database Management
System (DBMS) and it does support
relationships between tables, it is not
considered a Relational Database Management
System (RDBMS), lacking transactional
processing.
GOOGLE: GOOGLE INC:
is a multinational public cloud computing,
Internet search, and advertising technologies
corporation. Google hosts and develops a
number of Internet-based services and products,
and generates profit primarily from advertising
through its AdWords program. The company
was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin,
often dubbed the “Google Guys”
GOOGLE TALK: Google Talk (GTalk) is a
freeware Windows web-based application for
instant messaging and voice over internet
protocol (VOIP) client offered by Google Inc.
The Google Talk client is only available for
Microsoft Windows but Google Chat (voice and
video chat) is now available for PCs and Intelbased
Macs.
GOOGLEBOT: Googlebot is the search bot
software used by Google, which collects
documents from the web to build a searchable
index for the Google search engine.
THROUGHPUT: The rate at which
information can be read from or written to the
storage. In computer data storage, throughput
is usually expressed in terms of megabytes per
second or MB/s, though bit rate may also be
used. As with latency, read rate and write rate
may need to be differentiated. Also accessing
media sequentially, as opposed to randomly,
typically yields maximum throughput.
MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISC
STORAGE: is optical disc storage where the
magnetic state on a ferromagnetic surface stores
information. The information is read optically
and written by combining magnetic and optical
methods. Magneto-optical disc storage is nonvolatile,
sequential access, slow write, fast read
storage used for tertiary and off-line storage.
MOLECULAR MEMORY: stores
information in polymer that can store electric
charge. Molecular memory might be especially
suited for primary storage. The theoretical
storage capacity of molecular memory is 10
terabits per square inch.
C SHARP: C# is intended to be a simple,
modern, general-purpose, object-oriented
programming language developed by Microdoft.
The most recent version is C# 4.0
TROLLING: A common misuse of social
networking sites such as Facebook is that it is
occasionally used to emotionally abuse
individuals. Such actions are often referred to
as trolling. It is not rare for confrontations in
the real world to be translated online. Trolling
can occur in many different forms, such as (but
not limited to) defacement of deceased
person(s) tribute pages, calling “Australians”
“Austrians”, playing online pranks on volatile
individuals and controversial comments with
the intention to cause anger and cause
arguments.
TWITTER: Twitter is a website, owned and
operated by Twitter Inc., which offers a social
networking and microblogging service, enabling
its users to send and read other users’ messages
called tweets. Users may subscribe to other
author tweets—this is known as following and
subscribers are known as followers. Since its
creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has
gained notability and popularity worldwide and
currently has more than 100 million users
worldwide. It is sometimes described as the
“SMS of the Internet.”
BEBO: Bebo is a social networking website,
like orkut, facebook. It is owned by Criterion
Capital Partners.
COMPASS: COMPASS is an acronym for
COMPrehensive ASSembler. COMPASS is a
macro assembly language.
COLDFUSION: ColdFusion is a commercial
rapid application development platform.
Originally designed to make it easier to connect
simple HTML pages to a database. Current
versions of ColdFusion, sold by Adobe
Systems, include advanced features for
enterprise integration and development of rich
Internet applications (RIA).
COBRA: Cobra is an object-oriented
programming language. Cobra is designed by
Chuck Esterbrook, and runs on the Microsoft
.NET and Mono platforms. It is strongly
influenced by Python, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C,
and other programming languages. It supports
both static and dynamic typing.
ICQ: an instant messaging service.
GOOGLE SEARCH: Google Search or Google
Web Search is a web search engine owned by
Google Inc. and is the most-used search engine
on the Web. Google receives several hundred
million queries each day through its various
services. The main purpose of Google Search is
to hunt for text in webpages, as opposed to
other data, such as with Google Image Search.
Google search was originally developed by Larry
Page and Sergey Brin.
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE:
A graphical user interface (GUI), often
pronounced gooey, is a type of user interface
that allows users to interact with programs in
more ways than typing such as computers;
hand-held devices such as MP3 players,
portable media players or gaming devices;
household appliances and office equipment with
images rather than text commands. A GUI offers
graphical icons, and visual indicators, as
opposed to text-based interfaces, typed
command labels or text navigation to fully
represent the information and actions available
to a user.
HOTMAIL: free email service, now part of
MSN. Founder Jack Smith got the idea of
accessing e-mail via the web from a computer
anywhere in the world.
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