final report - JRC IPTS - Sustainable Production and Consumption ...

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: CATEGORIES OF COMPOST TYPES AND CLASSES.....................................................................26
TABLE 2: SUMMARY TABLE WITH COMPOST CLASSIFICATION TYPES AND NUMBER OF
CLASSES ADOPTED IN NATIONAL COMPOST STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION .................................28
TABLE 3: NUMBER OF CLASSES IN COMPOST STANDARDS, DESCRIPTION.........................................29
TABLE 4: GENERAL OVERVIEW ON THE SYSTEMATIC OF HOW MEMBER STATES ESTABLISHED
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR INPUT MATERIALS IN COMPOSTING.................................................41
TABLE 5: COMPARATIVE LIST OF WASTE MATERIALS ALLOWED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
COMPOST IN EU MEMBER STATES INDEPENDENT OF WASTE OR NON-WASTE REGIME..................45
TABLE 6: QUALITY CRITERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THRESHOLD OR LIMIT VALUES IN ORDER TO
PREVENT NEGATIVE IMPACTS TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH ..............................................52
TABLE 7: QUALITY CRITERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THRESHOLD OR LIMIT VALUES IN ORDER TO
GUARANTEE A MINIMUM USE PERFORMANCE AND TO PREVENT ANY DECEPTION OF AND
MISUSE BY THE USER OR CUSTOMER ..............................................................................................53
TABLE 8: MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AND MEAN LIMIT VALUES OF PTES FOR COMPOSTS IN
EUROPE...........................................................................................................................................56
TABLE 9: SPATIAL VARIABILITY [COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION/CV] OF HEAVY METAL
CONTENTS WITHIN A SAMPLED COMPOST HEAP BREUER ET AL. (1997).........................................56
TABLE 10: FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING RELATED TO THE YEARLY MATERIALS
THROUGHPUT OR COMPOST PRODUCED MAINLY CARRIED OUT WITHIN EXTERNAL QUALITY
SCHEMES 57
TABLE 11: SCHEMES FOR SAMPLE TAKING FOR COMPOSTS ...................................................................59
TABLE 12: MEAN COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION RESULTING FROM THE TWO MAIN
FACTORS OF VARIABILITY: THE INHOMOGENEITY OF A SAMPLED COMPOST BATCH AND THE
DEVIATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL LABORATORIES........................................................................63
TABLE 13: SYSTEMS OF TOLERATED DEVIATIONS OF LIMIT VALUES FOR COMPOSTS .................64
TABLE 14: RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE INCREASE OF CONCENTRATION VALUES IF THE
MEASURED CONCENTRATION IS STANDARDISED TO A 30 % OM LEVEL ASSUMING
DIFFERENT ACTUAL LEVELS OF OM IN COMPOST ..........................................................................66
TABLE 15: HEAVY METAL LIMITS IN EUROPEAN COMPOST STANDARDS ....................................68
TABLE 16: MAXIMUM HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION FOR COMPOSTS AND SEWAGE
SLUDGE AS INPUT MATERIAL ACCORDING TO THE AUSTRIAN COMPOST ORDINANCE .....................71
TABLE 17: SYSTEM OF COMPOST DENOMINATION, QUALITY CLASSES, INPUT CATEGORY
AND AREA OF APPLICATION............................................................................................................72
TABLE 18: VERY STRICT (LEVEL 1 – LOW), MODERATE (LEVEL 2 – MEDIUM) AND
RELAXED/SOFT (LEVEL 3 – HIGH) POTENTIAL LIMITS FOR HEAVY METALS USED IN THIS
STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF LIMIT SETTING ON COMPOST
PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND USE ..............................................................................................73
TABLE 19: CALCULATED LIMIT VALUES FOR COMPOSTS FOLLOWING BANNICK ET AL.
(2002) IN COMPARISON TO EXISTING QUALITIES IN EUROPE AND STATISTICALLY
“WARRANTED” MEAN VALUE AND INDIVIDUAL CONCENTRATIONS ON FACILITY LEVEL ...............76
TABLE 20: ASSUMPTION USED IN ACCUMULATION SCENARIOS FOR HEAVY METALS .................79
TABLE 21 LIMITATIONS FOR THE CONTENT OF IMPURITIES IN COMPOST IN NATIONAL
COMPOST REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.....................................................................................84
TABLE 22 PROVISIONS FOR THE EXCLUSION OF PATHOGENS AND GERMINATING WEEDS AND
PLANT PROPAGULES IN SEVERAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES..............................................................86
TABLE 23: STATUS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE SCHEMES IN EU MEMBER STATES .......................98
TABLE 24: COST OF COMPOST QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ....102
TABLE 25: QUALITY ASSURANCE COSTS FOR COMPOST CUSTOMERS FOLLOWING THE UK
QUALITY PROTOCOL ....................................................................................................................103
TABLE 26: COMPOST REGISTRATION OR CERTIFICATION FOR MARKETING AND USE UNDER
NATIONAL PRODUCT OR WASTE REGIMES ..............................................................................105
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COMPOST PRODUCTION AND USE IN THE EU