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egional studies on macrobenthos. Damodaran (1973) and Harkantra et al., (1980) have attempted to correlate the benthic standing crop as an indication of the potential resources of demersal fish and the prawns. Most of the earlier studies were directed towards the qualitative and quantitative aspects, but during the beginning of the present century, interest in the benthos has been directed more on the ecology, with particular reference to benthos as a source of fish food. Since 1973, National Institute of Oceanography has collected extensive data on various aspects of bottom organisms in different regions of the Indian Ocean and some of the results have already been documented (Parulekar, 1973; Parulekar and Wagh, 1975; Parulekar et al., 1976; Ansari et al., 1977 a&b; Ansari et al., 1980). Most of the studies pertaining to the seasonal changes on benthos were in the estuaries and backwaters and a few in the shallow subtidal regions of west coast (Ansari et al., 1977a; Harkantra and Parulekar, 1981; Vizakat et al., 1991, Prabhu et al., 1993; Harkantra and Parulekar, 1994; Gopalakrishnan and Nair, 1998) and all are from the very shallow coast of 5-20 m depth. However no attempt has been made to project the role of environmental factors on the benthic community structure and their distribution and abundance off the coast between 30- 200m except that of Joydas (2002), which lacks any seasonal comparison. The northern part of Indian Ocean is peculiar with its land locked water body, which separates the Indian Ocean from the other two major oceans. The northwest coast of India experiences different climatic changes under the influence of monsoonal regime. Winter cooling is a special feature observing in the study area. It is therefore necessary to investigate various environmental factors and their role in structuring the infaunal benthic community, variation in their biomass, population density. With this view the present study was taken up to investigate the seasonal changes in the northwest coast of India and its impact on benthic organisms and the key factors that controls the benthic production.
Major objectives:- 1. To understand the distribution and abundance of marine benthos in relation to the prevailing environmental conditions. 2. To evolve latitudinal and depthwise variations of be nth os. 3. To assess the community structure, species composition and diversity of benthic organisms. 4. To evaluate hydrography and the sediment characteristics of the northeastern Arabain Sea and its influence on benthic community. 13
Page 2 and 3: Certificate I hereby certify that t
Page 4 and 5: Contents Page No. Chapter 1. Introd
Page 6: the bottom. Ekman (1935) described
Page 9 and 10: wonns are the most abundant group a
Page 11 and 12: leadership of Sir James Clark Ross,
Page 13 and 14: Ansari et al., (1977b) carried out
Page 15: Gopalakrishnan and Nair (1998) cond
Page 19 and 20: CMFRI (Central Marine Fisheries Res
Page 21 and 22: Joydas, T.V., Damodaran, R., 2001.
Page 23 and 24: monitoring committee (Atlantic Mari
Page 25 and 26: Vizakat Lathika, I-Iarkantra, S. N.
Page 28 and 29: analysed after acidification by tit
Page 30: used as stain prior to sorting and
Page 33 and 34: space. Therefore, it is very essent
Page 36 and 37: Fig. I - Station locations 32
Page 39 and 40: affected at high temperature. Most
Page 41 and 42: layers exhibit different oceanograp
Page 43: Transect wise variation in temperat
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.2.3. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Dist
Page 48 and 49: monsoon temperature initially incre
Page 50 and 51: opined that limited mixing. high or
Page 52 and 53: Naqvi, S. W. A., Noronha, R. J., Re
Page 56: orr Mormugao orr Vernal 35.36 35.32
Page 62 and 63: The continental shelf and its adjoi
Page 64: sediments (4 stations). Silty sand
Page 68 and 69:
fine sediments with comparatively h
Page 70 and 71:
Narayana, 1991 ). Limited input of
Page 73 and 74:
In general. two ditlerent patterns
Page 75 and 76:
et al., (1980) reported values in t
Page 77 and 78:
organisms living in the water and t
Page 79 and 80:
Hashimi, N. H., Kidwai, R. M., Nair
Page 81 and 82:
Postma, H., 1967. In Estuaries, Lau
Page 85:
Depths Sand Silt Clay Organic matte
Page 90:
• PRE'MONSOON SOUTHERN'TRANSECTS
Page 96 and 97:
as the best indicators of the envir
Page 99 and 100:
showed that northern transects have
Page 101 and 102:
decreased from shallow to deeper de
Page 103:
different depth zones showed that a
Page 106 and 107:
cm 2 with a dominance of nematodes.
Page 108 and 109:
and 6.08 g/m 2 were recorded during
Page 110 and 111:
were located in the nearshore water
Page 112 and 113:
changes in the hydrographical and t
Page 114 and 115:
factor for such a large difference
Page 116 and 117:
Belegvad, H., 1932. Investigations
Page 118 and 119:
Parulekar, A. H., Harkantra, S. N.,
Page 120:
Savich, M. S., 1972. Quantitative d
Page 123 and 124:
Traosects Polychaetes Crustaceans M
Page 125:
Miscellaneous Transects Nematodes C
Page 128 and 129:
Depths Nematodes Cope pods Foramini
Page 136 and 137:
Wagh, 1975; Parulekar et ai, 1976;
Page 138 and 139:
ones and 17 were included in the 'r
Page 140 and 141:
Nephtydae (2%). Among the 20 sedent
Page 143 and 144:
At 75 m zone, 31 groups/species wer
Page 145 and 146:
Porbandar. At 50 m depth zone, fluc
Page 148 and 149:
otTMumbai and Ratnagiri and low eve
Page 150 and 151:
species richness at each depth zone
Page 153 and 154:
E2.2.2.!. Richness (Margalef's inde
Page 155:
I ):.2.2.2.4. Dominance (Pie/ou's i
Page 172 and 173:
Tablc 17. Contd .. - Sternaspidae 0
Page 176:
Table 20. contd .. G. alba 20 25 20
Page 179:
150 Taxa 30m 50m 75m lOOm 150 m m D
Page 186:
9% 1% o poIychaete • crustacea o
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a) c) e) g) Plate 5 a) Prinospio sp
Page 205 and 206:
a) c) e) Plate 7 a) Cardium sp. d)
Page 207 and 208:
7/. /ntroduct ion 7.2. Hydrography
Page 211 and 212:
also showed a similar pattern with
Page 213 and 214:
y most of the organisms. It was als
Page 215 and 216:
with sand of which total density (r
Page 217 and 218:
muddy bottom of the west coast of I
Page 219 and 220:
crustaceans and miscellaneous group
Page 221:
the organic rich environment with h
Page 225 and 226:
Icvci (p
Page 227 and 228:
mcioHmna serve primarily as rapid m
Page 229 and 230:
surface chlorophyll a was 0.36mg I
Page 231 and 232:
Devassy, V. P., Achuthankutty, C. T
Page 233 and 234:
Longhrust, A. R., Pauly, D., 1987.
Page 235 and 236:
Sikora, W. B., 1977. The ecology of
Page 237:
Faunal groups Silty Clayey Mixed Sa
Page 257:
Mannagoa to Porbandar located betwe
Page 260 and 261:
against gastropods during pre- mons
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