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THE MAGAZINE DESIGN Casting light on the situation Pierre Guariche? "He's the inventor of modern lighting," says Pascal Cuisinier enthusiastically. This gallery owner knows his subject inside out: over seven years, he tracked down every piece designed by Guariche between 1950 and 1959, all produced by his friend Pierre Disderot. The son of a metals and electrical locks specialist, Guariche studied at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs. He graduated in 1949 at 23, and began a highly promising career. One of his teachers, Marcel Gascoin, took him on and immediately pushed him to participate in events like the Ideal Home Exhibition and the Interior Designer Show. A pioneer in mass-produced modern furniture, Gascoin had an incontestable influence on his colleague, who in 1950 designed the Prefacto range for Charles Bernard: furniture with multiple combinations made of metallic tubes, distributed by the Galerie Mai. In 1951, now working independently, Guariche designed seating for Steiner and Airborne. But he did not forget his early love, electricity. While he was still working with Gascoin, he designed some lights with Michel Mortier, which were advertised in the catalogue of their mentor's company. These were produced by Pierre Disderot, who in 1948 opened a production factory in Cachan. As lighting was one of the great adventures of the 20th century, artistic avant-gardists were very drawn to the medium. Success was established by the hundred and sixteen coloured light bulbs of Lászlo Moholy-Nagy's Space Light Modular Machine, a work conceived in 1922 but finalised in 1930. In 1949, at the Galleria del Naviglio in Milan, Lucio Fontana presented Ambiente spaziale a luce nera (The spatial 118 GAZETTE DROUOT INTERNATIONAL I N° 19 environment in black light), which made experimental use of neons and the light of wood. Artists were interested in industrial lighting's ability to model space. In the decorative arts, Gino Sarfatti launched his revolution and established himself as the reference in Italy, mingling new materials with other more traditional ones, glorifying the light bulb and imposing the visibility of the electric cable in an obvious and elegant way. In France, lamps were also much in vogue. From 1928, the review Lux, founded by Joseph Wetzel, reported the studies and innovations carried out in this field, while interior design magazines provided a stream of advice on lighting for the modern home. Launched in 1935, the liner Le Normandie was itself a genuine electrical factory beneath its Art Deco splendour… Direct and indirect Guariche continued along this path, ensuring that no light sources were ever visible. In this he differed from Sarfatti and another Frenchman, designer/producer Serge Mouille, whose approach was more sculptural. Re-examining the codes of the speciality from every angle, Guariche integrated the most recent techniques into his work, where form revealed function. He invented a range of products meeting precise requirements: lighting a work area, a dining room table, a drawing room, a corridor or more specifically an armchair or a sofa area. Some models even responded to several constraints. Designed in 1951, the G23 lamp provided pleasant lighting for a drawing room thanks to a reflector directed towards the ceiling, while another branch
DESIGN THE MAGAZINE HD Pierre Guariche (1926-1995), MG1 wall lamp, produced by Pierre Disderot, 1951. featured a cone-shaped bulb-shade, the ancestor of the spotlight, making it possible to read without being dazzled. The whole unit, in the form of a double pendulum, was mobile… It was adaptable, and provided generous lighting that was both indirect (through reflection) and direct. The perforated metal bulb-shades provided an additional source of lighting through scintillation. Apart from the practical aspect, enabling users to see if the light was on in the daytime, these holes added a poetic dimension because they were random, evoking a starry sky. In his book, due to be published by the Editions N° 19 I GAZETTE DROUOT INTERNATIONAL 119 © Galerie Pascal Cuisinier
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