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specifies the placement rules for primary and secondary stress. Whereas the first five
languages in this list can be said to demarcate the left word boundary by primary stress
placement, the remaining languages mark the right word boundary by primary stress
placement.
Table 1: Stress placement in the stress languages of our sample
Primary stress
Secondary stress
Finnish
Chukchi
Kayardild
Georgian
Tamil
Udihe
Catalan
Amele
Maltese
Tariana
Maori
Koyra Chiini
Initial Every second syllable after the
stressed syllable; if 3 rd syllable is
short and 4 th is long, on 4 th syllable
and every second syllable after that
Initial, second
Every second syllable before and after
(phonologically conditioned)
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the stressed syllable
Initial All non-initial long vowels and
non-initial short vowels followed by a
coda trill; penultimate syllables,
except in trisyllables whose second
and third syllables begin with liquids
or semi-vowels; the first syllable of
the second member in a compound, of
a plurisyllabic inflectional suffix, or
of any derivational suffix
Initial Antepenultimate syllable
Initial [Not reported]
Final, penultimate
(weight sensitive)
[Not reported]
Final, penultimate, antepenultimate Every second syllable before the
(morphologically conditioned)
primary stress
Final (weight sensitive,
morphologically conditioned)
[Not reported]
Penultimate, final
(weight sensitive)
[Not reported]
Penultimate, final
(morphologically conditioned)
Lexically specified for enclitics
Last four morae: long/double vowel; If a word contains more than four
in the absence of a long/double vowel, vowels the rules are applied again
the first non-final diphthong, in the counting leftwards from the fifth
absence of both, the first vowel
vowel from the end
Non-final [Not reported]