The Road to Hemispheric Cooperation: Beyond the Cartagena

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THE ROAD TO HEMISPHERIC COOPERATION: BEYOND THE CARTAGENA SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS The Brookings Institution I Washington, D.C. I July 2012 Ted Piccone Inés Bustillo Antoni Estevadeordal Jeffrey M. Puryear Tamara Ortega Goodspeed Thomas A. O’Keefe Kevin Casas-Zamora Lucía Dammert Rubén Perina Jaime Aparicio-Otero
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Latin America Initiative undertook an intensive review of the state of hemispheric cooperation as part of its overarching mission to derive practical policy recommendations from rigorous, empirical research. The authors of these papers are to be congratulated for meeting this standard. We are also indebted to the State Department, particularly John Feeley, Dan Erikson and Daniel Kurtz-Phelan, for their active participation and input. We want to give special thanks to the team of the Latin America Initiative—Consuelo Amat, who coordinated this final publication with utmost professionalism, Diana Caicedo, Carlos Aramayo, Emily Alinikoff and Ashley Miller—and to Carol Graham and Kevin Casas-Zamora for their leadership as the Initiative prepared to welcome its new Director, Dr. Ernesto Talvi. We also extend our warm appreciation to Diana Villiers Negroponte, Vanda Felbab-Brown and Richard Feinberg for their expert advice and commentary. The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Support for this publication was generously provided by the Ford Foundation. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment and the analysis and recommendations are not determined or influenced by any donation. The Road to Hemispheric Cooperation: Beyond the Cartagena Summit of the Americas The Brookings Institution ❘ Latin America Initiative 3
Page 1: THE ROAD TO HEMISPHERIC COOPERATION
Page 5 and 6: INTRODuCTION Ted Piccone I Senior F
Page 7 and 8: fOSTERINg A CulTuRE Of INNOvATION I
Page 9 and 10: Technology and Innovation Innovatio
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1: Latin America (5 Countrie
Page 13 and 14: Figure 3: Affordability of Fixed Br
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5: Percentage of Internet Pe
Page 17 and 18: the demand for innovation. Policies
Page 19 and 20: Opportunities for Cooperation in In
Page 21 and 22: COMMENTARy by CAROl gRAHAM Senior F
Page 23 and 24: include free trade agreements (FTAs
Page 25 and 26: mented by Latin American countries.
Page 27 and 28: $350 billion in 2010, with China di
Page 29 and 30: The current situation is important:
Page 31 and 32: EDuCATION IN THE AMERICAS: WHAT THE
Page 33 and 34: Graph 2. Student Performance and Te
Page 35 and 36: Graph 5. Percentage of Students at
Page 37 and 38: Graph 7. Difference in Mean Scores
Page 39 and 40: generally carry no consequences. At
Page 41 and 42: access to and use of technology, an
Page 43 and 44: 23 J. Enrique Hinostroza and Christ
Page 45 and 46: PROMOTINg ENERgy SECuRITy AND TACkl
Page 47 and 48: the governments of the Western Hemi
Page 49 and 50: Brazil, in turn, leads an initiativ
Page 51 and 52: agencies, including Spain’s Ibero
Page 53 and 54:
as many scientists believe, this pa
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footnotes 1 A full copy of the repo
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24 Repsol is a privately held Spani
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PublIC SECuRITy CHAllENgES IN THE A
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 1.2 Homicide rates in Latin
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ates are found in Mexico, Peru, Arg
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●● Organized crime. The data pr
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ago. 42 In Venezuela the problem is
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operations by transnational syndica
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This is, in essence, what enabled t
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Inequality, and Firearm Violent Cri
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COMMENTARy by vANDA fElbAb-bROWN Fe
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THE INTER-AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC CHART
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The process began with modification
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A little over 12 years later in Hon
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5. Respect and Apply the IADC Regar
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vide political or technical assista
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1978. For the criteria used in dete
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While the current trend of inter-Am
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The Context The Summit of the Ameri
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(CAF). Other global institutions al
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●● There was an open and frank
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●● Eliminating the threat of na
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tive role in monitoring and evaluat
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15 Carlo Dade, “Will There Be Ano
Page 103 and 104:
many Brazilian diplomats, the main
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1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washi
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