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16 www.commscope.com Figure 4: Top-of-Rack Architecture L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C LAN access LAN access LAN access LAN Dist/Core MDA/HDA L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C LAN access Although cabling is utilized more efficiently in the top-of-rack scenario, there can be an increase in the cost of switches. The common challenge with the top-of-rack approach is under-utilization of ports, where there are not enough servers to fill the switch. One solution is to put one top-ofrack switch servers in adjacent racks: this preserves the advantages of the top-of-rack switch while increasing port utilization. However this approach can create the same problems as endof-row switching when it comes to cabling and cooling issues. Top-of-rack switching may be difficult to manage in large deployments, and you also have the potential for overheating of LAN/SAN switch gear in server racks. Finally, with a top-of-rack approach, attention must be paid to ensure that commonly used or high-volume data pathways do not end up spanning multiple racks and thus multiple switches. TIA-942 Data Center Structured Cabling Layout Let’s take a look at the basic structured cabling layout of the Data Center and the various areas which are included. Figure 5: Example of Basic Data Center Topology Access Providers Offices, Operations Center, Support Rooms Horizontal cabling Telecom Room (Office and Operations Center LAN Switches) Horizontal Distribution Area (LAN/SAN/KVM Switches) Horizontal cabling Zone Distribution Area Horizontal cabling Equipment Distribution Area (Rack/Cabinet) L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C SAN Director Backbone cabling SAN Core Horizontal Distribution Area (LAN/SAN/KVM Switches) Equipment Distribution Area (Rack/Cabinet) L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C EDA SAN Director Disk Disk Disk Disk array array array array Entrance Room (Carrier equipment and demarcation) Main Distribution Area (Routers, Backbone LAN/SAN Switches PBX, M13 Muxes) Backbone cabling Horizontal Distribution Area (LAN/SAN/KVM Switches) Equipment Distribution Area (Rack/Cabinet) Storage Devices Cat 6/6A or LOMMF / Single mode 50 micron LOMMF / Single Mode L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C Access Providers Backbone cabling Horizontal Distribution Area (LAN/SAN/KVM Switches) Equipment Distribution Area (Rack/Cabinet) Computer Room Backbone Cable Horizontal Cable Horizontal cabling Horizontal cabling Horizontal cabling * TIA-942 is currently under revision and it is expected that an Intermediate Distribution Area (IDA) will be defined within TIA-942A. The IDA would connect between the MDA and an HDA. L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C L A N F C
Data Center Areas The Entrance Room is where the cabling from an outside service provider (i.e. telco, internet, CATV) enters the building. It should be large enough to accommodate more than one provider and have room for growth. The primary entrance facility would likely be located close to the Main Distribution Area within the computer room. Larger Data Centers may have multiple entrance facilities for redundancy and emergency restoration. A secondary entrance facility would likely be on the opposite side of the building and utilize a different access provider or cabling from the primary entrance facility. The Entrance Room servers as a demarcation point to separate the service providers’ networks from the Data Center. The service providers usually equip this space and control the cabling and apparatus, while the Data Center operator controls the rack or cabinet used to house the cross connection. The LAN (Local Area Network) Telecom Room supports the enterprise capabilities required for Data Center operation. It connects the offices and cubicles -- the LAN -- to the main distribution area of the data center computer room. It would typically run on a different protocol (Ethernet) than the data center as they have different application requirements. The Computer Room is the main focus of the Data Center. It houses everything required for data storage and access. This includes the switches and servers to control data access and flow, as well as storage devices such as disc and tape arrays. The Main Distribution Area is the space where the main cross-connect is located, along with the core switches. This is the central point for the data center structured cabling system. The Horizontal Distribution Area is the space where the horizontal cross-connect is located, along with the switches for the storage area and local area networks. The Equipment Distribution Area is the space occupied by the equipment (server) racks and cabinets. The Zone Distribution Area is the space where a zone outlet or consolidation point is located. The ZDA typically only includes passive devices. Cross-Connect vs. Interconnect There are two typical methods used to connect electronics to the backbone cabling: crossconnection or inter-connection. Cross-connection is a connection scheme between cabling runs, subsystems and equipment using patch cords or jumpers that attach to connecting hardware at each end. The advantage of a cross-connect is you do not have to directly disturb the electronic ports or backbone cabling in order to make the connection. Although there is more flexibility, it is more expensive to implement as it requires more cabling and apparatus. Interconnection brings a patch cord directly from the electronics port to connect to the backbone cabling. This solution requires fewer components and is therefore less expensive; however, it does reduce flexibility and adds risk, as users have to directly access the electronics ports in order to make the connection. There is a third option, which is to directly connect the backbone cabling to the electronics, but this has many significant problems. There is limited flexibility to make changes, it is difficult to manage connections, and there is a constant risk to the cabling and electronics ports during reconfiguration. CommScope generally recommends utilizing cross-connections for maximum solution flexibility. Network Types: SAN and LAN One of a Data Center's primary focuses is the storage of data; as such, the Storage Area Network (SAN) is of prime importance. Fibre Channel is the typical protocol used within a SAN to bring data to and from tape and disk arrays to the edge switches. The Data Center will also have a local area network (LAN) for operational purposes, and Ethernet is the most common protocol utilized here. As shown in some of the prior figures, the LAN and SAN equipment often lie within the same areas of the data center, and therefore the cable pathways are often parallel. www.commscope.com 17
Page 1 and 2: www.commscope.com CommScope ® Ente
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction Today the Data Cent
Page 5 and 6: CommScope Connectivity Meets and Ex
Page 7 and 8: 2. Standards And Regulations The be
Page 9 and 10: Other Resources The Uptime Institut
Page 11 and 12: 3. Network Topology Simply defined,
Page 13 and 14: 4. Network Architecture Network arc
Page 15: Figure 3: Distributed Architect Cor
Page 19 and 20: 6. Electronics Network Equipment Th
Page 21 and 22: Common Port Counts It is helpful to
Page 23 and 24: Fortunately, VCSELs can be tested a
Page 25 and 26: Figure 8: Digital Signal Processing
Page 27 and 28: Instead of utilizing many single-fi
Page 29 and 30: One of the main issues to consider
Page 31 and 32: Application Distances TIA/EIA-568C.
Page 33 and 34: Another assumption that the standar
Page 35 and 36: 8. Transmission Media The media use
Page 37 and 38: Figure 14: PSACR for U/UTP Channels
Page 39 and 40: It has been estimated that approxim
Page 41 and 42: The 90 meters of 1 Gb/s horizontal
Page 43 and 44: Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable Co
Page 45 and 46: 9. Passive Cabling Products The des
Page 47 and 48: Fiber Optic Cables and Components P
Page 49 and 50: Fiber Optic Connectors While many f
Page 51 and 52: Note that a TIA568B.1 compliant pat
Page 53 and 54: Preterminated solutions in the data
Page 55 and 56: Intelligent Infrastructure Solution
Page 57 and 58: Intelligent Buildings Building Auto
Page 59 and 60: BAS Design Guidelines Above Layer 1
Page 61 and 62: One BAS application where IP-based
Page 63 and 64: Figure 29: Composite Baseband Video
Page 65 and 66: A digital CCTV system using IP came
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The distances supported will depend
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11. Power In The Data Center When d
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U.S. military power quality standar
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Data Center Electrical Efficiency F
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Figure 37: Step Down Process Phase
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Figure 40: Location of Power and Da
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After reducing the number of server
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Separation of supply and exhaust ai
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Data Center Availability The TIA-94
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Table 2 summarizes the benefits and
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Computer Room Layout There is no ha
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The rack placement of hot or temper
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When using the raised floor as a co
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The amount of weight a raised floor
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used at the angles of the conveyanc
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If using a polish-type connector Fo
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The electronics can be installed in
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Performance Standards TABLE 16: CAT
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and test the link from the opposite
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Fiber optic links should be tested
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TABLE 19: TIA 568 C COMPONENT AND L
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Documentation Every link should be
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Backbone Raceway the portion of the
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Count Loop Diversity loop diversity
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F/UTP a 100 ohm cable with an overa
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Loss energy dissipated without acco
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Positive Contact or Physical Contac
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Terminal a point at which informati
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