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8 www.commscope.com Annex A Cabling Design Considerations Annex B Telecommunications Infrastructure Administration Annex C Access Provider Information Annex D Coordination of Equipment Plans with Other Engineers Annex E Data Center Space Considerations Annex F Site Selection Annex G Data Center Infrastructure Tiers Annex H Data Center Design Examples Annex I Bibliography and References One can see that the most significant aspects of design and implementation of the Data Center are covered by TIA-942. This includes a discussion of tiering, or redundancy, that will make a data center less susceptible to disruptions due to failure of active equipment, passive cabling or the servicer provider. Four tiering levels are discussed in Chapter 13 Network Planning. While TIA-942 covers data center design and installation, other standards can be referred for information about components and applications within the data center. ANSI/TIA/EIA568-C Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard is composed of several sections related to both systems and components. • 568-C.0 - LAN Topology, Grounding and Bonding, Cable Installation, Polarity of Fiber Systems, Cable Transmission and System Testing Requirements • 568-C.2 - Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and Components Standards • 568-C.3 - Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard The collection of IEEE 802.3 standards defines the Physical and Data Link layers’ media access control (MAC) sub layer of wired Ethernet. Traditionally Ethernet has been utilized to support the LAN. Today, Ethernet is finding its way into data storage either directly or as part of Fibre Channel over Ethernet. Examples of IEEE802.3 standards • IEEE 802.3ab - 10G Ethernet Over Fiber • IEEE 802.3an - 10G Ethernet Over Balanced Twisted Pair Cable • IEEE 802.3ba - 40G & 100G Ethernet (July 2010) Fibre Channel requirement are defined by the T11 Technical Committee of InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS). Fibre Channel is heavily utilized in the SAN environment today. The National Electric Code (NEC) is a US code for the proper installation of wiring and equipment and is primarily concerned with safety. Some of the codes that fall under the NEC and are applicable to data centers are: NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 70 (aka NEC) National Electrical Code NFPA 75 - Standard for the Protection of Information Technology Equipment A code similar to the NEC, the Canadian Electrical Code CSA CEC C22.1 is also concerned with safe installation and maintenance of electrical equipment. ASHRAE (The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers) is a technical society for all those interested in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration. Some of the ASHRAE standards of interest to data center design are: • Standard 34 - Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants • Standard 55 - Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy • Standard 62.1 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality • Standard 90.1 - Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings - The IESNA is a joint sponsor of this standard. • Standard 135 – BACnet - A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks
Other Resources The Uptime Institute provides education, publications, consulting, certifications, conferences and seminars, independent research and thought leadership for the enterprise data center industry and for data center professionals. Institute research focuses on data center facilities, the IT and facilities interface, and how both functions affect the cost, reliability and energy consumption of computing. (www.uptimeinstitute.org April 2010) The institute develops best practices, including the tiering approach to data center redundancy. The Green Grid is a global consortium of IT companies and professionals seeking to improve energy efficiency in data centers and business computing ecosystems around the globe. The organization seeks to unite global industry efforts to standardize on a common set of metrics, processes, methods and new technologies to further its common goals. (www.thegreengrid.org April 2010) US Green Building Council is a non-profit organization working to make green buildings available to the masses. Their Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program provides third-party verification that a building (or community) was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts. (www.usgbc.org April 2010) As data centers consume a significant percentage of the energy within the United States, they are naturally a focal point for those interested in the USGBC and the LEED process. Data Center Categories The Standards may outline how to design a data center, but they don’t define their purpose and functionality. Data centers tend to fall into 2 basic categories – Enterprise and Collocation. The majority of data centers are privately owned and operated, as each company develops a data center to support their commercial needs. These Enterprise Data Centers are typically treated as a cost center, controlled by the companies IT department, and are likely to be highly customized to the needs of that company. This higher level of customization will likely provide improved functionality and control, but may lead to an overall higher level of cost. For larger companies, the data center may run as a shared services organization that has service level agreements (SLAs) and chargeback mechanisms. However, the data center is still owned and operated within the same company. Some companies may prefer to have some or all of their networking capabilities run by a third party. Collocation or Managed Data Centers are businesses that generate revenue by providing data center capabilities to Enterprise customers. These data centers can provide a secure public facility to offer power, cooling, rack space and infrastructure. Their customers may own their own active equipment or this can also be provided by the data center operator. Included within the collocation/managed data center category are Hosted Data Centers that over various levels of IT systems support. This can include web hosting, disaster recovery, and other typical data center operations. Because collocation data centers are operated for profit and may support multiple customers, customization will be more limited than what is seen in private enterprise centers. A focus will be made to use off-the-shelf products that are lower in cost, easy to order and scalable to easily integrate into running systems. As would be expected, there are advantages to utilizing both private and collocated centers, companies may choose to utilize both internal and third party data centers. For example, they may choose to maintain their own primary networks, but utilize a collocation partner for emergency backup. Or a company may want to lower costs by utilizing a third party, but may maintain internal control over functions it considers most critical to its business. www.commscope.com 9
Page 1 and 2: www.commscope.com CommScope ® Ente
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction Today the Data Cent
Page 5 and 6: CommScope Connectivity Meets and Ex
Page 7: 2. Standards And Regulations The be
Page 11 and 12: 3. Network Topology Simply defined,
Page 13 and 14: 4. Network Architecture Network arc
Page 15 and 16: Figure 3: Distributed Architect Cor
Page 17 and 18: Data Center Areas The Entrance Room
Page 19 and 20: 6. Electronics Network Equipment Th
Page 21 and 22: Common Port Counts It is helpful to
Page 23 and 24: Fortunately, VCSELs can be tested a
Page 25 and 26: Figure 8: Digital Signal Processing
Page 27 and 28: Instead of utilizing many single-fi
Page 29 and 30: One of the main issues to consider
Page 31 and 32: Application Distances TIA/EIA-568C.
Page 33 and 34: Another assumption that the standar
Page 35 and 36: 8. Transmission Media The media use
Page 37 and 38: Figure 14: PSACR for U/UTP Channels
Page 39 and 40: It has been estimated that approxim
Page 41 and 42: The 90 meters of 1 Gb/s horizontal
Page 43 and 44: Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable Co
Page 45 and 46: 9. Passive Cabling Products The des
Page 47 and 48: Fiber Optic Cables and Components P
Page 49 and 50: Fiber Optic Connectors While many f
Page 51 and 52: Note that a TIA568B.1 compliant pat
Page 53 and 54: Preterminated solutions in the data
Page 55 and 56: Intelligent Infrastructure Solution
Page 57 and 58: Intelligent Buildings Building Auto
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BAS Design Guidelines Above Layer 1
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One BAS application where IP-based
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Figure 29: Composite Baseband Video
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A digital CCTV system using IP came
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The distances supported will depend
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11. Power In The Data Center When d
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U.S. military power quality standar
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Data Center Electrical Efficiency F
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Figure 37: Step Down Process Phase
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Figure 40: Location of Power and Da
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After reducing the number of server
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Separation of supply and exhaust ai
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Data Center Availability The TIA-94
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Table 2 summarizes the benefits and
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Computer Room Layout There is no ha
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The rack placement of hot or temper
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When using the raised floor as a co
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The amount of weight a raised floor
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used at the angles of the conveyanc
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If using a polish-type connector Fo
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The electronics can be installed in
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Performance Standards TABLE 16: CAT
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and test the link from the opposite
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Fiber optic links should be tested
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TABLE 19: TIA 568 C COMPONENT AND L
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Documentation Every link should be
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Backbone Raceway the portion of the
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Count Loop Diversity loop diversity
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F/UTP a 100 ohm cable with an overa
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Loss energy dissipated without acco
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Positive Contact or Physical Contac
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Terminal a point at which informati
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