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Data Centres SuStAinAbility Fresh approaCh How can data centres be designed so that they use outside air for year-round cooling? In this report on sustainable solutions, below, Marcus O’Brien discusses his approach to ‘free air cooling’. On page 44, Beth Whitehead argues the case for life-cycle assessments 42 Data centre design conditions should be to Recommended Guidelines, with occasional use of Allowable Guidelines Clients are increasingly demanding that their data centres are as energy efficient as possible. A focus on the use of sustainable products, recyclable materials and effective energy is now as important as system resilience. The use of ‘free cooling’ – where outdoor air is supplied directly without any further mechanical cooling to offset building cooling loads – has the potential to provide a significant part of the energy reduction strategy for data centres while not compromising reliability (‘resilience’). When considering the ventilation requirements for a data centre, the principal design goals can be considered as: l Limit IT failures; l Maintain a low power usage effectiveness (PUE) - the ratio of the power delivered to the site to that used by the IT equipment; l Provide adequate filtration; l Maximise use of ambient conditions; and l Minimise the use of mechanical cooling. An assessment of free cooling to data centres in Dublin (and similar climates) has shown that it can provide an energy efficient and reliable method to maintain the equipment (known as the ‘data field’) at appropriate temperatures. Since there is a reasonably constant cooling load within the space (predominantly unaffected by outdoor conditions) a constant maximum supply temperature can be evaluated based on the peak allowable temperatures. Revised in 2008 to take account of more resilient data equipment accepting a wider range of operating conditions, ASHRAE’s Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments with regard to Data Centre Supply Air Conditions provides guidelines for supply air conditions needed to control air temperature and relative humidity around the data field (see Figure 1, page 45). Data Centre designs would normally apply ‘Recommended’ conditions, although occasionally ‘Allowable’ values are employed to give greater operational flexibility and subsequent energy savings. Filtered outdoor air is supplied CIBSE Journal April 2011 www.cibsejournal.com
Clients are increasingly demanding that their data centres are as effi cient as possible www.cibsejournal.com April 2011 CIBSE Journal 43
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