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Data centres SuStAinAbility 46 Free air cooling should be a primary consideration when designing a data centre Business services group Capgemini sought proposals for a new data centre design that would deliver a power usage effectiveness (PUE) rating of 1.4 or better when fully loaded. Red Engineering Design built and tested an off-site modular centre for Capgemini that has been shown to have a PUE of 1.11 – this means that, for every kW of power used by the servers it houses, it uses a further 0.11 kW to provide cooling, lighting, ventilation, and so on. Using a pre-engineered, factory- data centre, return air may be scheduled to mix with incoming outdoor air to maintain appropriate supply temperatures. The combination of simple free cooling and adiabatic cooling can provide appropriate supply conditions for 99.9% of the year. For an existing data centre, a new ‘free-cooled’ data field may be able to co-exist, and connect into, the existing site cooling infrastructure. For new sites, cooling plant will need to be installed for the small period when free cooling is not available. This can be in the form of DX or chilled water cooling coils in conjunction with centralised chillers. This can be a significant capital cost outlay for the client, but the overall operational costs are reduced, due to the significant cost case stUDY FREE COOlinG WORKS FOR SWinDOn DAtA CEntRE built modular system known as BladeRoom, of which it is the first example, the Merlin data centre in Swindon, UK, was constructed within a refurbished, specially adapted warehouse (shown here). The facility operates at 1,000 sq m but this can be doubled in size. According to Red, the BladeRoom system allows server capacity and all associated support services at Merlin to grow, to meet a rise in demand. Modular construction also ‘signficantly’ reduces embodied carbon costs levels, the consultancy says. BladeRoom primarily uses evaporative cooling and free fresh air to deliver the cooling requirement, together with a back-up DX system that delivers cooling on rare occasions when required. Red developed a bespoke climate emulator, which it says meant it could model any climate condition as a fresh air source to the BladeRoom. Red says this enabled it to prove the control functionality in all the different psychrometric control zones, and to demonstrate the control savings achieved using free air cooling. Like every piece of mechanical equipment, it will require maintenance and needs to run on a regular basis (a few minutes a month), but this is insignificant compared to the savings from the reduction in PUE. In addition, the active cooling offers resilience in the event of an external fire, a mains water failure or during periods of maintenance. It is also possible to use free air cooling in cities like Madrid (99%), San Francisco (99%), Melbourne (98%) and Riyadh (98%) – with maximum supply air temperatures and relative humidity within ASHRAE Allowable ranges. l Marcus O’Brien works for Red Engineering Design. mobrien@red-eng.com system functionality at all the intermediate points. Merlin’s current performance indicates it will run on free cooling for 99.79% of a typical year. Based on actual weather data, it would have run on full free cooling for 100% of the last four years while providing conditioned air to the computer equipment at a temperature no higher than 24C. The centre was shortlisted in the New Build Project of the Year category in this year’s CIBSE Building Performance Awards. www.red-eng.com CIBSE Journal April 2011 www.cibsejournal.com
“The most comfortable trader floor we’ve ever worked on.” TROX trader desk cooling is designed to absorb high density equipment loads to maximise trader comfort and profitability. For further information please contact: TROX AITCS Ltd Telephone +44 (0)1842 851280 Caxton Way Telefax +44 (0)1842 851279 Thetford e-mail sales@troxaitcs.com Norfolk IP24 3SQ www.troxaitcs.com www.cibsejournal.com April 2011 CIBSE Journal 47
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