DOWEX Ion Exchange Resins WATER CONDITIONING MANUAL

Sodium Cycle Ion Exchange Process (Water Softening)
The resin bed height correction is given in Figure 11. Leakage and capacity data presented here are
based on resin bed depths of 30 inches (75 cm), the minimum depth recommended. Average leakage for
the run is lower for deeper beds due to continually improving water during exhaustion. The capacity
correction factors are shown for up to 10-ft (300-cm) beds. Modification of the vessel dimensions should
be made by iteration using Figure 10 and Figure 11 until the final design is obtained.
3.4.2 Counter-current Design
Figure 11. Correction of operating capacity for resin bed depth.
Leakage data presented in Figure 2 through Figure 4 are based on co-current operation. In designing
counter-current softening systems, leakages are very low (expect