November 2010 - BC Hydro

Table of Contents
Duncan Dam Reservoir Archaeological Overview Assessment Final Report
Credits ......................................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgements / Disclaimer ................................................................................................. ii
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ v
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ vii
List of Plates ............................................................................................................................ viii
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Goals .................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Operational Objectives .......................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Approach .......................................................................................... 3
2.0 DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH ........................................................................................ 5
2.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Palaeoenvironment ............................................................................................... 7
2.3 Archaeological Record .........................................................................................11
2.3.1 Previous Investigations ....................................................................11
2.3.2 Pre-Contact Culture History .............................................................16
2.3.3 Euro-Canadian History .....................................................................21
3.0 LANDSCAPE HYPOTHESES AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT .......................................22
3.1 Pre-Contact Human Settlement Pattern Models, Duncan Reservoir .....................22
3.1.1 Model 1: Late Neoglacial (ca. 2500 – 200 BP) ................................22
3.1.2 Model 2: Early Neoglacial (ca. 5000 – 2500 BP) .............................23
3.1.3 Model 3: Early Holocene fluvial regime, ancestral Kootenay Lake (ca.
10,000 – 8000 BP) ...........................................................................23
3.1.4 Model 4: Immediate Postglacial (ca. 12,000 – 10,000 BP) ..............24
4.0 TESTING LANDSCAPE HYPOTHESES ........................................................................26
4.1 Sampling Rationale ..............................................................................................26
4.2 Sampling Design ..................................................................................................28
Eagle Vision Geomatics & Archaeology Ltd. v November 28, 2010