Environmental Report 2000 - EnBW

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State of the Environment Report for the Business Divisions Business Division Energy Energy is the core business of EnBW. The high-profile Electricity division is active in all stages of the value added chain – from energy generation, energy transmission and energy distribution to energy trading and energy sales. EnBW’s energy operations also extend to gas and district heating. EnBW Kraftwerke AG Electricity generating capacities, power plant holdings and electricity supply contracts are pooled at EnBW Kraftwerke AG. With a power provision of over 49 billion. kWh a year, this wholly owned EnBW subsidiary is one of the major energy producers in Germany. The company has 1,661 employees and an overall electricity capacity of over 10,000 MW, around half of which comes from its six own power plants with an overall output of over 5,130 MW. Power generation based on nuclear fuel, coal, gas, oil and hydroelectric power ensures an efficient and environmentally friendly production mix. By optimising the efficient use of its power plants and through long-term purchase and supply agreements, EnBW Kraftwerke AG is able to provide the EnBW group and its customers with electricity and district heating at competitive prices. 56 EnBW power plant capacity Own plants Fuel Output Philippsburg nuclear power plant (KKP) Uranium 2,282 MW Heilbronn thermal power plant (HLB) Coal 1,130 MW Rheinhafen steam power plant, Coal, Gas 1,208 MW Karlsruhe (RDK) Rudolf-Fettweis-Werk, Forbach (RFW) Water 68 MW Illerkraftwerk (IKW) Water 46 MW Marbach (MAR) (in cold reserve) Oil 399 MW Total 5,133 MW Plants, partially owned power stations and electricity purchased Fuel Output Nuclear power plants (incl. EDF contracts) Uranium 3,674 MW Conventional power plants Coal, oil, gas 4,125 MW Run-of-the-river and storage Water 3,084 MW power plants Total 10,883 MW Key holdings and purchase contracts Fuel Pro-rata output Grosskraftwerk Mannheim (GKM) Coal 526 MW Kraftwerk Bexbach (KBV) Coal 476 MW Kraftwerk Lippendorf Lignite 432 MW Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Neckar (GKN) Uranium 259 MW Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) Uranium 214 MW Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt Uranium 84 MW Purchase contract with EDF Uranium 835 MW Schluchseewerke Water 955 MW Vorarlberger Illwerke, Zemm-Ziller and Sellrain-Silz Water 1,484 MW Distribution of Electricity Yield over Primary Energy Carriers in million kWh Nuclear Power 27,304 55.5% 8.0% 13.9% 22.6% Procurement 3,917 Coal, Oil, Gas 11,110 Hydroelectric 6,847 In comparison to 1999, power turnover increased by 7.8% to 46.5 billion. kWh. In the financial year 2000, EnBW Kraftwerke AG produced and purchased from its partner plants 49.2 billion kWh – 4.4 billion kWh more than in 1999. With a quota of 55.5%,the nuclear power stations remain the biggest supplier of electricity to EnBW Kraftwerke AG. Fossil fuel power plants have an output quota of 22.6% followed by run-of-the-river and hydro storage plants with 13.9%. The other 8% comes from purchase contracts which cannot be classified by primary energy source. With € 55 million, it accounted for by far the biggest share of environmental protection expenditure of EnBW in 2000. Improved efficiency through harnessing synergies EnBW Kraftwerke AG has now come a great deal closer to achieving its target of becoming a “best practice” production company. Following the signing of the cooperation agreement with Neckarwerke Stuttgart AG, joint work is now underway in the areas of production management, fuel procurement, power plant utilisation and energy planning. The objective here is to establish a uniform power plant park with an energy capacity of around 60 billion kWh, thus achieving substantial cost-saving effects for both parties. Avoiding hazardous emissions Environmentally friendly electricity generation in nuclear and hydroelectric plants has produced an equivalent saving of hazardous pollutants and 2000 1999 Change compared TWh TWh to previous year Power Input 49.2 44.7 + 9% Power output 46.5 43.1 + 8% Sites of power stations CO2 of around 31.3 million tonnes – a 9% improvement on the previous year. Our hard coal power plants are equipped with highly efficient, cost-intensive flue gas cleaning systems which have effected an 80% drop in the emission levels of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and dust over the past 16 years – despite the fact that in the same period electricity production has increased by 20%. 57
State of the Environment Report for the Business Divisions Emission development from EnBW’s own production in t/a, thous. t/a und GWh el /a 0 Specific emission values for 1999 and 2000 based on the EnBW energy mix for own production compared to the German national average (VDEW 2000): 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 The above table shows the specific emission levels for 2000 for the production of one (net) kilowatt hour of electricity. The figures are based on our energy mix and do not take account of power purchases which can- 58 CO 2 (thous. t/a) SO 2 (t/a) NO x (t/a) Dust (t/a) CO (t/a) KWG Fossil Fuel (GWh el /a) 1997 1998 1999 2000 1997 1998 1999 2000 VDEW 2000 CO 2 g/kWh 182 225 188 225 580 SO 2 mg/kWh 105 127 132 200 280 NO x mg/kWh 97 118 112 153 370 Dust mg/kWh 5 7 5 4 20 CO mg/kWh 7 10 10 15 – not be classified by primary energy source. The high quota of emissionfree power production last year of around 70% based on nuclear and hydropower has had a corresponding impact in reducing overall emission levels, which are significantly under the national average values. The lignite power plant at Lippendorf which has now embarked for the first time on all year round power generation has had a markedly adverse effect on the specific emission values from “own production”. More detailed information may be found in the environmental statements. Reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions over the past sixteen years and details of further environmental impacts can be found in the Environmental Statement and under Facts and Figures. Waste disposal in nuclear power plants The exhausted fuel elements of a nuclear power plant are stored and cooled in special fuel element storage tanks to allow the radioactivity to sink below a certain level. All nuclear power plants can store used fuel elements for a period of several years. When the radioactivity has sufficiently subsided, the fuel elements are packed in special leak-proof transport containers and sent to the nuclear waste reprocessing plant of the French company COGEMA in Cap de la Hague or to the British BNFL treatment plant in Sellafield. Or they may be placed in intermediate storage as a prelude to their final disposal. Significant reduction in the number of nuclear waste transports Since 1995 intermediate storage followed directly by final storage has taken on parity with nuclear waste reprocessing as a valid means of disposal. There are intermediate storage depots at Gorleben and Ahaus where radioactive fuel elements may be kept in transport and storage containers (such as the Castor type). Last year the federal government and the energy supply companies agreed to reduce the number of nuclear waste transports, opting instead to build intermediate storage depots at the nuclear power stations sites. Reprocessing nuclear fuel elements During reprocessing the fuel elements are ground by machine and unused uranium and the plutonium by-product are separated from the radioactive waste material. Recycled uranium and plutonium can be further processed into new fuel elements. Non-recyclable fission products are sealed in glass castings. The agreement with the federal government stipulates that from 2005 onwards the disposal of used fuel elements will be limited to direct final storage. Storing radioactive waste The overriding objective of the final storage of radioactive waste is to ensure that both people and the environment are reliably protected from possible harm from the ionising radiation emitted by the radionuclides contained in the waste. Storage in stable geological beds deep underground is the safest method of final storage for radioactive waste material. Previous studies have evidenced that rock salt deposits offer a favourable geological formation. Last year the Federal Ministry for the Environment imposed a three to ten year moratorium on studies of rock salt formations in Gorleben. During this period attention will be directed to the search for viable alternatives, including other geological formations in Germany. Storage containers and storage halls designed for safety in case of accident Ahaus and Gorleben already have central intermediate storage facilities for the storage of Castor containers with used fuel elements or glass castings from the nuclear reprocessing plants in La Hague and Sellafield. They are solid depot halls with walls and ceilings of thick concrete, resistant to earthquakes and heavy loads of snow. The locations are not in flood areas and are protected against fire or even a direct aeroplane crash. The intermediate storage facilities planned for the nuclear power plants follow a similar model. In December 1999 we applied for permits for an intermediate storage facility and an interim facility for our Philippsburg nuclear power plant. The interim facility is to serve as a temporary solution until the intermediate facility is ready for storage. The Obrigheim nuclear power plant, in which we have a majority 67% holding, already uses an intermediate storage facility in the form of a so-called wet-storage depot. Used fuel elements are stored there in a huge water-filled pool which shields from radioactive emissions. 59
Page 1 and 2: Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Envir
Page 3 and 4: Preface Ladies and Gentlemen, Gerha
Page 5 and 6: EnBW: Corporate Profile EnBW - Germ
Page 7 and 8: EnBW: Corporate Profile • More th
Page 9 and 10: At EnBW, environmentally-friendly u
Page 11 and 12: Special Topics The Mingolsheim fuel
Page 13 and 14: State of the Environment Report Sta
Page 15 and 16: State of the Environment Report The
Page 17 and 18: State of the Environment Report Cit
Page 19 and 20: It is planned to use an innovative
Page 21 and 22: Objectives and Future Projects Acti
Page 23 and 24: Uranium is a safe and economical fu
Page 25 and 26: Further Information Combined heat a
Page 27 and 28: Further Information Our earth is an
Page 29: Coal is a fuel with high carbon con
Page 33 and 34: State of the Environment Report for
Page 39 and 40: Ecological Review - Facts and Detai
Page 41 and 42: In the additional cooling-tower wat
Page 43 and 44: Glossary Activity Decay rate of an
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Environmental Report 2000 - EnBW

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