Environmental Report 2000 - EnBW

Energie Baden-Württemberg AG 

Environmental Report 2000 

With Energy for Competition 

Future and Ecology

Key Figures 

EnBW in Figures 

The EnBW Group in Figures 

Employees 

Unit 1999 2000 

(as at 31.12.2000) 12,943 33,940 

Sales * 

Energy division million € 3,710 4,593 

Waste disposal million € 236 259 

Industry and services million € 52 976 

Total million € 3,998 5,828 

Energy supply ** 

Electricity billion kWh 54.7 77.9 

Gas billion kWh 4.1 10.6 

District heating billion kWh 1.7 2.6 

Specific emissions for power generation 

Carbon dioxide g/kWh 188 225 

Sulphur dioxide mg/kWh 132 200 

Nitrogen dioxide mg/kWh 112 155 

Dust mg/kWh 5 5 

Carbon monoxide mg/kWh 10 15 

On the illustrations in this 

Environmental Report 

The flows of raw materials used 

and by-products produced form 

the "metabolism" of a production 

company and are every bit as 

indispensable for it as is its metabolism 

to an animal or a plant. 

The photography in this report 

presents the EnBW’s inputs and 

outputs using special lighting 

effects. 

Title page: 

When the exhaust gases are 

“scrubbed”, gypsum is formed 

which is used in the building 

industry as a secondary raw 

material. Generating 1 kWh of 

electricity in a coal-fired power 

station produces 13 g of gypsum. 

This gypsum has been awarded 

the “Environmental Blue Angel”. 

* First-time consolidation of NWS in July 2000, 

Salamander in April 2000 

** Sales volumes include consolidated figures from 

the NWS Group from July 2000. 

Table of Contents 

Preface 2 

EnBW: Corporate Profile 5 

Special Topics 15 

State of the 

Environmental Report 21 

Objectives and Future Projects 35 

Further Information 43 

State of the Environment Report 

for the Business Divisions 55 

Ecological Review 

– Facts and Details 73 

Keeping in Touch 

with the Public 79 

Glossary 82 

Contents 

1

Preface 

Ladies and Gentlemen, 

Gerhard Goll 

Chairman of the Managing Board, 

EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG 

Dr. Klaus J. Kasper, 

Member of the Managing Board, 

EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, 

Engineering 

Our third Environmental Report is primarily 

concerned with presenting 

some milestone findings. We wish to 

present to an interested public an 

extensive and in-depth description of 

the ways and means by which Germany’s 

third largest utility has made 

major technical, personnel and financial 

investment to ensure that the 

ecological balance is maintained and 

air, water and land kept clean and uncontaminated 

during its diverse economic 

operations. They are findings 

we have justifiable pride in presenting. 

The second strand to the Environmental 

Report 2000 reaffirms our Group’s 

clear and unreserved commitment to 

the principles of sustainable development. 

Sustainable environmental protection 

in a nutshell simply means to 

undertake all measures to ensure that 

our natural environment will be preserved 

now and for generations to 

come. 

In the context of our innovative company 

this means we consider environmental 

protection and shareholder 

value are by no means mutually antagonistic. 

On the contrary: we view 

the environmental factor as a cornerstone 

of our success in the highly 

competitive energy markets of the 

future. We have further enshrined 

this view in the new statement of our 

Governing Principles. It is, moreover, 

a view to which our customers 

wholeheartedly subscribe. 

Consequently, we have come to embrace 

the goal of sustainable environmental 

development as a key factor 

in our day-to-day business activities. 

And we have now adopted a much 

broader view of what constitutes environmental 

protection than a few 

years back when concerns were 

mainly focussed on reducing pollutant 

emission levels. 

Our mainstream operations in particular 

– the production, distribution and 

marketing of electricity – are compelling 

testimony to the depth of our 

commitment to the environment. Here 

measures to enhance the efficient 

use of energy and protect the climate 

are written especially large. But to 

state this is immediately to raise the 

question of the future of the nuclear 

power industry. 

Our reactors rank among the safest 

and cost-efficient in the world. They 

play and have played a major role in 

preventing emissions of harmful carbon 

dioxide. However, the German 

government has decided to opt out of 

the nuclear power industry and so far 

an alternative and sustainable means 

of effecting comparable CO2 reduction 

has failed to materialise. A solution 

that unites the demands of ecological 

sustainability with economic 

and social constraints is still a long 

way off. 

We entertain, for instance, high hopes 

for the fuel cell and will shortly be testing 

prototypes along with a number 

of other projects in Europe’s largest 

generating plant in Marbach. Yet as 

long as the fuel cell is powered by 

natural gas, as is the case at the 

moment, it cannot offer a fundamentally 

viable alternative. 

It must be left to the politicians to 

create a framework for the development 

of a sustainable, environmentally 

friendly energy supply, one that leaves 

the business sector sufficient leeway 

to explore options. 

The Agreement on Climate Protection 

of 9th November 2000 concluded between 

German industry and the federal 

government is a milestone in this 

respect by showing how flexibility may 

be applied to tailoring targeted measures 

and to generating an economically 

and ecologically sound approach 

to the realisation of both energy-related 

and environmental goals. For in 

the final analysis a sustainable and 

environmentally friendly energy supply 

is a key component of the economic 

and social prosperity of our society. 

Our Environmental Report 2000 further 

documents the role we have played 

in minimising negative environmental 

impact in the waste disposal, industry 

and services sectors. Patterned on 

the life-cycle economy, we have developed 

state-of-the-art environmentally 

friendly solutions for waste disposal 

whilst tesion, our telecommuni- 

cations subsidiary, has adopted a 

stringent environmental management 

system and elevated environmental 

concern to a matter of management 

principle. 

This is in line with the whole of our 

policy thrust which we are rigorously 

pursuing on every level and in every 

division of our Group of companies, 

attuned to the new liberalised energy 

markets of Europe. The present 

Report is designed to convince politicians, 

customers and the public at 

large of our commitment to the environment. 

We always welcome criticism 

and suggestions. 

Gerhard Goll 

Chairman of the Managing Board, 

EnBW 


Dr. Klaus J. Kasper 

Member of the Managing Board, 



2 3

In the desulphurisation plants, 

sulphur dioxide is combined with 

limestone (compounds), forming 

gypsum. To generate 1 kWh of 

electricity in a coal-fired power 

station uses 8 g of limestone. 

EnBW: 

Corporate 

Profile 

Following the deregulation of the 

energy market in 1998, EnBW 

Energie Baden-Württemberg AG sees 

itself as an enterprising innovative 

partner to business and industry in all 

aspects relating to the supply of energy. 

The company has played an crucial role 

in shaping the free energy market from 

the outset and has developed a broad 

range of new and innovative concepts.

EnBW: Corporate Profile 

EnBW – Germany’s third biggest energy company 

Our economic operations impinge on the environment in a wide number of ways. 

By pursuing a policy of consistent and sustainable environmental protection, we wish to 

do our utmost to preserve the ecological balance. 

With main offices in Karlsruhe, the 

EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg 

AG is the third largest energy company 

in Germany. EnBW is shorthand 

for a modern group of subsidiaries 

fully attuned to the new liberalised 

energy markets in Europe, with a corporate 

turnover of € 5.8 billion in 

2000 and a total of around 34,000 

employees. 

Under the umbrella of the EnBW 

Energie Baden-Württemberg AG holding 

company, our subsidiaries are 

independent players in the various 

sectors of the energy market: 

• Production of electricity and heat: 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG (KWG). 

• Transmission of electricity: 

EnBW Transportnetze AG (TNG). 

• Distribution: EnBW Regional AG 

(REG) and EnBW Ostwürttemberg 

Donau Ries AG (ODR). 

• Sales: EnBW Energie-Vertriebs 

GmbH (VTG) and Yello GmbH. 

• Electricity trading: EnBW 

Gesellschaft für Stromhandel (SHG). 

• Gas activities: EnBW Gas GmbH 

(GAS). 

Through our subsidiaries and holdings 

we are also active in the waste disposal 

sector (via U-plus AG) and in the 

industry and services segment. This 

covers energy-related industrial products, 

telecommunications, real estate 

and facility management, services 

(EnBW Service GmbH (SVG)) as well 

as our holding in the Salamander 

Group. 

Our prime focus on environmental 

concerns lies in our mainstream operations 

– the generation and transport, 

distribution and sale of electricity. 

However, in all our economic operations, 

be they in waste disposal, telecommunications 

or in the service sector, 

we pay particular attention to 

minimising and eliminating negative 

environmental impact. 

Environmental Pollution in 

Facts and Figures 

Effective environmental protection 

must be based on appraisals of quali- 

Energy 



Industry and 

Services 

EnBW in Figures 

Employees 

1999 2000 

(as at 31.12.2000) 12,943 33,940 

Sales (in million €)* 

Energy division 3,710 4,593 

Waste disposal 236 259 

Industry and 

services 52 976 

Total 3,998 5,828 

Energy supply 

(in billion kWh)** 

Electricity 54.7 77.9 

Gas 4.1 10.6 

District heating 1.7 2.6 

* First-time consolidation of NWS in July 2000, 

Salamander in April 2000 

** Sales volumes include consolidated figures from 

the NWS Group from July 2000. 

Disposal and Thermal 

Waste Management 

tative and quantitative evidence of the 

levels of pollution effecting our natural 

environment. Thus we have made a 

detailed survey covering raw materials, 

kind and amount of materials and 

total input and output for our Group in 

the year 2000. This study aims to 

take stock of the whole range of factors 

impacting on the environment, to 

assess the current state of the environment 

and to evolve a number of 

kEnvironmental Benchmarks. 

Environmental Benchmarks serve to 

condense and compact the extensive 

body of ecological data into a number 

of significant key figures which are 

also valid for comparison purposes. 

Absolute benchmarks reflect the level 

of the burden on the environment as 

a whole whilst relative indicators 

Concern for the environment was 

already written large at Badenwerk AG 

and Energie-Versorgung Schwaben 

AG, the two companies from which 

show the kenvironmental efficiency 

ratio of production operations. 

From an ecological viewpoint, absolute 

benchmarks are of particular significance. 

They show overall company 

levels of resource consumption and 

kpollutant emission – for instance, 

the exact amount of energy consumed 

or the amount of waste products. 

Long-term monitoring of such figures 

gives vital information about environmental 

trends and patterns. 

Environmental efficiency 

The environmental efficiency ratio of 

a particular company or plant may be 

ascertained by comparing the absolute 

benchmarks to reference figures such 

as production capacity or total number 

of employees. 

EnBW sprung. It is a tradition we unreservedly 

subscribe to. 

In 1999 we were the first large energy 

utility to agree to certification of our 

power stations in accordance with the 

Environmental Benchmarks are a 

valuable aid to our work. They enable 

us both to draw up agendas for optimising 

our environmental programme 

and to document the level of environmental 

efficiency our company has 

achieved. To give an example, in the 

electricity sector we may compare 

specific emissions of air pollutants 

with the number of kilowatt hours 

(kWh) and compare this ratio with the 

mean figure for all German electricity 

suppliers. 

Environmental Benchmarks are also a 

particularly effective way of charting 

ongoing improvements in environmental 

protection measures in plants 

undergoing an kEco-Audit. 

At EnBW Care for the Environment has a Long Tradition 

At EnBW our ingrained sense of environmental responsibility stems from a long tradition 

of concern and care. We are deeply committed to a policy of sustainable development. 

EU Ecological Audit Regulations and/ 

or the DIN ISO 14001 international 

standard. 

Our track record in environmental 

conservation is long and impressive. 

6 7


Milestones in Environmental Conservation 

Year Environmental Measure 

1960 First heating steam supply to an industrial plant in Heilbronn. 

1968 Feed of the first CO2-free kWh from nuclear energy into the Baden-Württemberg network. 

1972 – 

Commissioning of the Obrigheim nuclear power station. 

First environmental protection representative joins staff. 

1975 Appointment of immission control officers. 

1984 Commissioning of first landfill gas power station near Biberach. 

1985 First bird protection programme on 20 kV cables. 

1985 – Commissioning of the fully desulphurised and denitrificated 760 MW coal-fired power station 

1986 in Heilbronn with the world’s biggest denox plant. 

1987 – Upgrading of coal-fired power plants in Heilbronn and Karlsruhe with sulphur 

1989 and nitrogen oxide removal plants. 

1987 Numerous projects for conversion of botanical biomass to energy. 

1988 Extension of consulting activities for energy conservation measures in households and communities. 

Energy saving programmes. 

1989 Appointment of environmental officers . 

1989 Establishment of the Foundation for Energy Research by Badenwerk, EVS, Neckarwerke, 

TWS and the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. 

1989 Commissioning of a wind energy park in the Schwäbische Alb region in southern Germany. 

1990 Startup of an extensive R&D programme with various photovoltaic systems in the Schwäbische Alb region. 

1994 Publication of the first ever environmental report by a German electricity supply company. 

1994 Introduction of an environmental manual at all power stations. 

1995 Multiple-use system reduces waste water volume in blocks 3 - 6 of 

Heilbronn thermal power station by up to two thirds. 

1996 Pilot project for co-incineration of sewage sludge in the Heilbronn thermal power station. 

1996 Development of a recycling process for catalytic units from denox plants. 

1997 Implementation of first ecological audit (Regionalservice Breisgau). 

1997 Introduction of an environmental tariff for wind, hydroelectric and solar energy. 

1998 Startup of the EnBW Development Programme for Regenerative Energy; including promotion of heat pumps, solar 

thermal collector and passive housing. 

1998 Commissioning of a gas-fired combined-cycle block with high efficiency (>57%) in the 

Rheinhafen steam power plant in Karlsruhe. 

1998 First appointment for the “Voluntary Ecological Year” in industry at the unit for environmental affairs. 

2000 Opening of the largest fish pass In Europe near Iffezheim on the Rhine. 

2000 First ecological audit of a major coal- and gas-fired power plant in Germany. 

2000 Startup of the photovoltaic complete package “EnBW Solar plus”. 

8 

Environmental Policy – Concern for the environment shapes 

our business activities from day to day 

Even in a tough competitive market we never lose sight of our commitment to social and 

environmental welfare and act to turn it into tangible results. Protection of the environment 

is one of our top priorities. 

The principles of environmental protection 

and conservation we have 

embraced are by no means mere lip 

service. They are signposts guiding our 

business dealings in each and every 

situation. The three main pillars on 

which we pin our belief are as follows: 

EnBW acknowledges its social and 

environmental responsibilities 

The future-oriented, sustainable use of 

all natural resources is a clear sign of 

our commitment to the generations to 

come. 

EnBW considers that concern for the 

environment is fully compatible with 

market competition and economic 

success 

Environmental protection is becoming 

increasingly more significant as a 

major factor for the success of our 

company. Environmentally friendly 

development is a motor in all our 

business decision-making. 

EnBW is active in environmental 

protection across the spectrum from 

power stations to end user services. 

The focus of our environmental activities 

is on the rational and future-orient- 

ed production of energy. We offer our 

customers innovative and attractively 

priced products and services designed 

to promote a rational approach to 

energy consumption. 

Our Environmental Portfolio 

Research and Development 

Now and in the future EnBW will pursue 

its commitment to R&D in rational 

and environmentally friendly energy 

production and application. By so doing 

the company is making an important 

contribution to the search for 

energy supply solutions for the future. 

• EnBW is the European leader in 

testing fuel cells in commercialscale 

and individual applications. The 

Marbach plant the company is now 

building and which is scheduled to 

come on stream in 2003 with 1 

megawatt will be Europe’s largest 

demonstration power plant. We also 

offer customer-specific solutions. 

• In Marbach, EnBW is involved in the 

development and pilot production 

of a new pioneering generation of 

photovoltaic cells (CIS), making it 

the world leader in the production 

of this next generation technology. 

• In its capacity as co-sponsor of the 

Baden Württemberg Foundation for 

Energy Research, EnBW promotes 

research projects in renewable 

energy and rational energy usage 

• Research and development by 

EnBW helps its customers to cut 

energy consumption in industrial 

processes by implementing stateof-the-art 

electricity conservation 

solutions. 

Energy Production 

Clearly, EnBW has the largest scope 

for effecting environmental protection 

measures in the electricity generating 

sector. 

• With a production volume of approx. 

6.8 billion kWh, EnBW is Germany’s 

second largest producer of hydroelectric 

power. The quota of hydroelectric 

power to its overall power 

output is more than twice that of 

the national average. 

• EnBW is increasing investment in 

renewable energy plants. 

9


• More than 60% of the electricity 

produced by EnBW comes from 

CO2-free generation in nuclear and 

hydroelectric power plants. CO2 emission per kilowatt hour of electricity 

produced by EnBW is 60% 

lower than the national average. 

• For the optimal exploitation of energy, 

EnBW implements cogeneration 

concepts whenever possible. 

• EnBW is the only major utility company 

to have certified its power 

stations according to the stringent 

criteria of the European Union 

Ecological Audit Directive. 

• With an efficiency rate of over 57%, 

the gas and steam turbines of the 

Rheinhafen-steam power plant at 

Karlsruhe rank among the world 

“Top 10”. 

• EnBW has commissioned Europe’s 

largest fish pass on the Rheinstaustufe 

at Iffezheim and thus has played 

a substantial role in redressing 

the ecological balance in the Upper 

Rhine and its tributaries in Alsace 

and the Black Forest. 

10 

Energy Trading 

EnBW is an active player in establishing 

rules for trading with environmental 

certificates. In 2001 EnBW is 

participating in a pan-European test 

project with certificates for electricity 

from regenerative sources. 

Energy Distribution 

With its network for the transport and 

distribution of electricity, gas and 

district heating to the end user, EnBW 

is careful to keep negative environmental 

impact to a minimum. 

• EnBW’s medium and low voltage 

lines to the end user are mainly 

subterranean. More than half of this 

network is cabled. 

• EnBW’s bird protection programme 

refits several thousand pylons a year. 

• New substations linking the various 

networks are equipped with stateof-the-art, 

space-saving technology. 

• In the planning of high-tension 

overhead cables, EnBW follows a 

policy of ecological routing: in other 

words, it endeavours to minimise 

the effect on the natural landscape. 

Energy sales 

EnBW offers a range of innovative, 

customised products and services 

covering all aspects of electricity, gas 

and district heating supply. They aid 

our customers to optimise their energy 

consumption and design and 

implement their own contribution to 

environmental conservation. 

• EnBW offers across-the-board advisory 

services for the rational use 

of energy, including the “electricity 

consumption” check for the private 

customer and the “energy report” 

for municipalities. 

• EnBW also offers its customers a 

demand-oriented choice of electricity 

from renewable sources. 

A Systematic Approach to Environmental Management 

We have enshrined the principle of personal responsibility and delegation among our key 

management principles. For environmental policy can only be successful if each and every 

employee carries out his or her own individual part. 

The Environmental Management 

System 

Our environmental management 

system specifies the tasks, powers 

and responsibilities pertaining to environmental 

protection. It has already 

been adopted by most subsidiaries in 

our group of operating companies. 

Responsibility for environmental matters 

lies in the hands of a specific 

Board member of the managing director 

of the respective company. 

The Central Coordinating Body for 

Environmental Issues 

For all the companies in our group the 

central body they must refer to for all 

issues impinging on the environment is 

Strategic 

Holding 

Autonomous 

Operating 

Companies 

EnBW * 

Regional AG 

Environmental Protection 

Representative(s) 

Energy 


Transportnetze AG 



Information Working Group 

Environmental Protection Representative(s) 

the Central Office for the Environment 

(US) which we have integrated into 

our subsidiary EnBW Kraftwerke AG. 

The Central Office for the Environment 

supports all the companies in our 

Group in the implementation of environmental 

management systems and 

in the realisation of eco-audits. Not 

the least of its functions is to appoint 

officers for immission control, waste 

disposal, water protection, radiation 

protection and dangerous goods. 

On-Site Environmental Experts 

We have appointed environmental 

specialists in our power stations and 

where necessary special officers with 

a mandate to pinpoint environmental 




Kraftwerke AG 



Central Coordinating Body 

for Environmental Issues 

Officers for Emission Protection, Waste, Water 

Safety, Radiation Protection, Hazardous Goods 

problems in their vicinities and develop 

speedy solutions for them. In our 

central and regional service companies, 

these tasks are performed by 

the environmental protection representatives. 

Furthermore, we have set up an environmental 

committee at EnBW Kraftwerke 

AG responsible for co-ordination 

and exchange of information and 

experience. This committee is made 

up of environmental officers from our 

respective companies and meets, as 

does the information group of environmental 

protection representatives, on 

a bi-annual basis. Around 50 employees 

belong to these two bodies. 

Industry and Services 


Service GmbH 



Environmental Committee 

Disposal and Thermal 

Waste Management 

EnBW * * 

tesion 

Environmental Pro- 

U-Plus 

tection Representative(s) 

** 

* Named management executives 

with responsibility for 

environmental protection 

** All our over 40 subsidiaries have their 

own Environmental Protection Officers 

with the Central Coordinating Body 

for Environmental Issues acting in 

an advisory capacity. 

11


Eco-Audits for our Power 

Stations 

We are successively submitting all 

our power generating stations to an 

ecological audit. This is a process 

initiated in October 1999 with the 

Rheinhafen steam power station in 

Karlsruhe. A certified environmental 

statement was granted on 24th May 

2000. Badenwerk Gas GmbH received 

its certification in 1999. Ecoaudits 

were carried out on the Badenwerk 

regional services companies 

between 1996-1998. In 1999 we took 

the first steps in implementing an 

environmental management system 

in conformity with the rigorous international 

environmental protection 

standard ISO 14001 for the nuclear 

power plant at Philippsburg (KKP) and 

the other nuclear power plants in 

Baden Württemberg in which we 

have a holding. 

12 

Site Validation Remarks 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 

Nuclear power plant, 2001 On-going start-up phase of ISO 14001 

Philippsburg environmental protection system 

Rheinhafen May 2000 Eco-audit began October 1999. 

steam power plant Certification awarded 24. May 2000. 

Heilbronn 2002 Environmental management system in 

thermal power plant place since 1996; eco-audit began in 2000. 

Hydroelectric 2002 Eco-audits planned for the various sites 

power plants 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH 

Central services Dec. 1998 Registered at the IHK* Karlsruhe, 

Recertification Jan. 2002 

**GSP Eppingen Dec. 1998 Registered at the IHK Heilbronn, 


GSP Ettlingen Dec. 1998 Registered at the IHK Karlsruhe, 


GSP Forst Dec. 1998 Registered at the IHK Karlsruhe, 


GSP Söllingen Dec. 1998 Registered at the IHK Karlsruhe, 


EnBW Regional AG 

***RS Hochrhein April 1998 Registered at the IHK Hochrhein-Bodensee 

RS Bodensee April 1998 Registered at the IHK Hochrhein-Bodensee 

RS Kraichgau July 1998 Registered at the IHK Rhein-Neckar 

RS Murgtal June 1998 Registered at the IHK Karlsruhe 

Telecommunications 

Tesion July 1999 Certified by DCS according to DIN ISO 14001 

* IHK = Chamber of Commerce and Industry **GSP = gas centre; ***RS = regional services company 

Information for Company 

Employees 

A helping hand through the maze 

of environmental directives and 

regulations 

One of the key functions of our Central 

Office for the Environment is to help 

to clear a way for employees in all our 

companies through the complex mass 

of approx. 8,000 environmental directives 

relating to areas such as waste 

disposal, water protection, immission 

control, soil conservation, dangerous 

goods and harmful substances. 

The experts in our Central Office for 

the Environment see to it not only that 

we get the documents we need for 

our daily business but that we get 

them “translated” into a form we can 

understand! They also ensure that all 

government laws and directives can 

be downloaded via computer. 

Overview of directives at the click 

of a mouse 

Our environmental experts also load all 

relevant data and information onto the 

EnBW intranet, enabling each employee 

to access them at his or her workplace. 

All environmental information is 

regularly updated. 

Teaching environmental know-how 

Our comprehensive need-oriented 

training and qualification programme 

gives our employees the chance to 

acquire the skills they need. We established 

the EnBW Academy in 2000 for 

this purpose. In collaboration with our 

Central Officer for the Environment 

and with independent experts it also 

offers training seminars on a number 

of environment-related topics such as 

waste disposal, dangerous goods, 

water protection, electromagnetic 

fields and general ecological issues. 

Last year over 2,000 of our employees 

took part in environmental training 

courses whilst our staff of more than 

50 environmental protection representatives 

and environmental officers 

attended three seminars to get them 

up to speed on the latest regulations 

and directives. 

For both our own and non-company 

staff in our Philippsburg nuclear power 

plant we organised over 6000 periods 

of instruction in radiation protection. 

Furthermore, we organised individual 

advisory sessions for each of our employees 

involved in local plant inspection. 

And finally the Info Centres in our 

power stations welcomed more than 

70,000 visitors, informing them of plant 

operations and the related measures 

we have taken for environmental protection. 

Environmental ideas in the 

suggestion system 

We are currently involved in introducing 

“Idea Management in EnBW” into 

our energy utilities. This is designed as 

an improvement on the previous employee 

suggestion system and we expect 

that it will stimulate ideas in the 

environmental protection sector as 

well. Last year, for instance, we awarded 

prizes to three proposals that led to 

lower energy consumption. 

Our employees are also kept abreast 

of environmental issues through regular 

articles in the company magazine 

“EnBW Intern” and over the in-company 

intranet. Trainees undergo an 

obligatory period of several days work 

in the Central Office for the Environment 

in order that they learn more 

about environmental concerns and the 

central role they play in the life of the 

company. 

13

At EnBW, environmentally-friendly 

use is made of water power to 

produce electricity. Compared 

with the Federal average of 4.7%, 

EnBW’s share of hydro-electric 

generation is very high, with 

10.6%. However, construction of 

large new hydro-electric power 

stations is just not economical. 

Special Topics 

Our status as an innovative pro- 

vider in the European energy 

market is underpinned by our 

R&D and demonstration activities. 

These activities help to strengthen 

our strategic position in the 

competitive market.



Our position as an innovative company on the European energy market is consolidated 

through our activities in research, development and demonstration. Such activities also 

serve to sharpen our competitive edge. 

Environmental engineering comes at 

the very top of our R&D agenda. Of 

the 34 research projects we have 

sponsored, approx. 70% have a direct 

environmental focus. They cover areas 

as diverse as kfuel cells, kphotovoltaic 

cells, kcatalytic units, krefrigerator 

recycling, ksoil decontamination, 

kPVC recycling, shielding 

magnetic fields and the zinc-air battery 

ZOXY for electro-vehicles. 

Out of this large range of research 

projects, we would particularly like to 

showcase three projects related to 

the development of the fuel cell. A 

further highlight is the demonstration 

installation for thin-layer solar cell technology. 

We publish an annual report 

on research activities in our Group. 

We would be glad to send you on 

request a copy of this year’s current 

“Innovation Report” (see attached 

card). 

Fuel Cell Technology for the 

Private Household 

In partnership with the Swiss technology 

company Sulzer-Hexis AG we plan 

to develop fuel cell systems with an 

electrical output of one kilowatt and a 

thermal output of three kilowatts (enhanced 

up to 25 kilowatts with an additional 

burner) to cover private household 

heating and hot water needs. 

16 

In an initial phase up to 2004 we 

install 55 fuel cell systems for test 

and demonstration purposes in the 

region covered by EnBW, NWS and 

our partner companies. In the pre-production 

phase these systems will be 

operated solely on the basis of a contracting 

model at the premises of the 

respective customer; the customer 

will be supplied with heat and power. 

Fuel Cells 

Europe’s largest fuel-cell 

operated power plant 

Lead-managed by EnBW and EDF, in 

late October 2000 building work commenced 

on Europe’s largest fuel-celloperated 

power plant at Marbach am 

Neckar with a 1,000 kilowatt electrical 

output. Co-partners in this mammoth 

operation are the French energy utility 

Gaz de France (GDF), the Austrian 

energy utility Tiroler 

Fuel cell technology is widely acknowledged as the technology of the future! 

From their use as propulsion systems in cars as a substitute for the internal 

combustion engine to their role in generating electricity and warmth in a 

household context, there are many different kinds and types of fuel cell, 

each with its own specific application. What all fuel cells have in common is 

the direct way they transform the chemical energy of fuel into electrical 

energy and heat with a greater degree of efficiency than can be achieved 

with conventional means like the internal combustion engine. 

In the current phase of development fuel cells are powered by natural gas; 

depending on the type of fuel cell used, an intermediary reform process is 

needed to produce hydrogen. It still remains to be seen which type of energy 

source will be in wide use in the future. 

Advantages of Fuel Cell Technology: 

• Innovative technology 

• Cogeneration of electricity and heat with high overall efficiency rates 

• Ecologically friendly use with no loss of comfort 

• Minimum pollution 

• Significantly reduces CO 2 emissions 

Wasserkraftwerke AG (TIWAG), the 

plant contractors Siemens Westinghouse 

(USA) and Siemens AG 

(Germany). 

This pioneering project has received 

funding from the European Commission 

and the Department of Energy 

(USA). The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell project 

(SOFC) is part of a bilateral agreement 

between the USA and the 

European Union with the aim of promoting 

joint research, development 

and demonstration in the realm of 

new energy technologies. 

Electricity for 2000 Inhabitants 

In contrast to the smaller systems for 

single households, the SOFC system 

will be big enough to supply the electricity 

needs of a 2000-strong community. 

What’s more, from 2003 onwards 

it will also supply power to the 

companies located in the forthcoming 

Energy and Technology Park in 

Marbach including the Würth/EnBW 

Solarfabrik plant (Würth Solar). 

The SOFC belongs to the group of 

high-temperature fuel cells. Using a 

special technique, these cells can 

convert natural gas into a hydrogenrich 

gas which then serves as fuel for 

the actual electrochemical reaction. 

They can operate successfully on low 

quality fuel and are much less sensitive 

to fuel impurities than their low-tem- 

SOFC Design: This 250 kW fuel cell 

from Alstom-Ballard. 

perature counterparts which have 

been developed as propulsion systems 

in cars. 

SOFC plants combine direct power 

generation with the option of harnessing 

the waste heat produced by temperatures 

of around 1 000 degrees 

Celsius. 

Micro gas turbines harness heat 

from fuel cells 

If we connect a micro gas turbine 

downstream of the fuel cell system, 

we can improve the overall electricity 

output of a one megawatt SOFC system 

to 55-60%. A further improvement 

can be gained by heat decoupling and 

thus better use of fuel. Another key 

advantage is that emissions from the 

installation contain neither carbon 

dioxide nor dust and only minimum 

levels of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur 

dioxide. 

Whilst the advantages of natural gas 

powered fuel cell technology will 

soon become apparent in commercial 

operations, there is also the longerterm 

prospect of powering the fuel 

cell with hydrogen gained from renewable 

energy sources. 

Heating for the thermal baths at 

Mingolsheim 

We are striving to deepen our commitment 

to fuel cell technology and, 

together with ALSTOM Energietechnik 

GmbH, are now realising a joint 

demonstration project for mediumsized 

stationary fuel cell systems at 

the thermal bath installation at Mingolsheim 

in the Karlsruhe district. 

This involves the construction of a 

energy plant based on PEM fuel cells 

(polymer electrolytic membrane) in the 

“Thermarium Schönborn” scheduled 

to go on stream in late 2001 with an 

output of 250 kilowatt power and 

heat. The electricity will be fed into 

our grid whilst the heat will be channelled 

into the heating system for the 

thermal baths. 

17


The Mingolsheim fuel cell system 

project is co-financed with funding 

from the Federal Ministry for Economic 

Affairs as part of its EDISon 

programme. EDISon is an acronym 

standing for “Energy distribution networks 

with Decentralised Innovative 

transformers, Storage and communication 

systems”. 

Michelin packs fuel cell power 

In cooperation with our co-partners, 

MTU Motoren, Turbinen-Union 

(DaimlerChrysler) and the Karlsruhe 

municipal utilities, we are also engaged 

in a pilot project for the long-term 

industrial application of the Molten 

Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC). The stateof-the-art 

facility is scheduled to come 

on stream by mid 2002 and will generate 

power and heat for the Michelin 

tyre plant in Karlsruhe. 

The Iffezheim Fish Pass – opening 

a free passage for salmon and 

trout 

Increasing numbers of fish are now 

making use of our fish pass on their 

migration up the river Rhine. Flooded 

on the 15. May 2000, the pass at 

Iffezheim is now used by salmon and 

sea trout as well as by 12 domestic 

varieties of fish. The official opening at 

the Rheinkraftwerk in Iffezheim (RKI) 

on the 10th July 2000 was the crown- 

18 

ing moment of nearly 10 years of 

intensive planning and construction 

work. To date the Iffezheimer Fish 

Pass is the largest construction of its 

kind in Europe. 

For a long time the hydroelectric 

power plant at Iffezheim formed an 

insuperable barrier for migratory fish 

such as salmon, sea trout or mayfish. 

The Fish Pass now allows them an 

unhindered journey upstream to their 

spawning grounds. 

The facility isn’t only impressive in 

terms of size. The Iffezheimer Fish 

pass is equipped with a special hydroelectric 

turbine with a water throughput 

of up to 12 cubic meters per second. 

That even a fish pass can be 

used to generate environmentally 

friendly power gives credit to the ingenuity 

of the EnBW engineers. The 

integrated tube turbine makes dynamic 

use of the pass drops and also 

ensures that the three entrances are 

supplied with a constant strong water 

flow which lures the fish into thinking 

they are navigating an oxygen-rich 

tributary of the Rhine in their journey 

upstream. 

Fish navigate a drop of 11 meters 

Once the fish have been “enticed” 

into the countercurrent and are 

swimming up the pass they have a 

300 meter long uphill journey before 

them with a gradient of no less than 

11 meters. They will cross a total of 

37 pools, connected to one another 

by a vertical channel enabling continual 

water flow. 

The original idea for the construction 

of the Fish Pass came in 1987 

from the International Commission 

for the Protection of the Rhine 

(IKSR) with its mandate for improving 

the water quality of the Rhine 

and making the river re-navigable 

for large migratory fish. 

Construction work, which began in 

April 1998, involved the removal of 

50,000 cubic meters of earth and 

the setting of 25,000 cubic meters 

of concrete. Total construction 

costs were € 7.9 million. 35% of 

costs were covered by EDF/EnBW 

funding. The remaining costs were 

equally shared by the German and 

French governments. 

The pools all have the same gradient 

and besides the upstream channel 

also provide zones with quieter water 

flow where the fish may rest. A ramp 

near one of the entrances together 

with a gravel bedding have been designed 

to provide true-to-life natural 

conditions to promote the colonisation 

of the pass by small mussels, snails, 

crabs and insect larvae as the facility 

is intended to promote river life in all 

its forms. 

Counted and filmed when 

crossing the line 

In an effort to ascertain whether the 

Fish Pass is effectively fulfilling the 

purpose it was intended for, the fish 

are counted and filmed on video, 

caught in a fish-trap and tagged, 

weighed and measured by experts. 

Diagram of the Iffezheim hydroelectric 

power station with fish pass 

The results capped all expectations. 

In the second part of 2000 more than 

8,600 fish were counted – and that’s 

not including the more than 30,000 

eels which also used the Pass. Point 

of pride in the tally were the 94 salmon 

and 466 sea trout whose resettlement 

in the upper Rhine was a special concern. 

Further increases in migratory 

numbers are expected in spring 2000. 

Catch Results at the Video 

Fish-trap Combined Fish Pass 

at Iffezheim 

8.6.2000 – 31.12.2000. 

Salmon 94 

Sea trout 466 

Brown trout 18 

Rainbow trout 5 

Barbel 4,334 

Nase 743 

Common bream 1,687 

Asp 683 

Chub 64 

Bleak 265 

Roach 177 

White-eye bream 64 

Common dace 16 

Crucian carp 5 

Tench 1 

Lamprey 2 

Carp 5 

Grass carp 1 

Mayfish 2 

Prussian carp 2 

Silver bream 4 

Total 8,638 

Eel Approx. 30,000 

(projection) 

Data from the Federal Office for Water 

Protection Berlin/Koblenz. 

19

When the coal is burnt, fly-ash is 

formed, which is separated in the 

exhaust gas electro-filter. All of this 

is also used in the building industry 

as a secondary raw material. 

State of the 

Environment 

Report 

Despite the fact that we are active 

in a highly competitive market, we 

always attach major importance to 

our social and ecological responsibil- 

ities. The State of the Environment 

Report outlines our commitment to 

the environment and profiles a wide 

range of examples.



Although the operational safety of our facilities is our major consideration, guided by our 

commitment to the environment we are continually striving to reduce the consumption 

of hazardous substances and reduce pollutant emission levels. 

Safety 

The potential for danger varies according 

the type of power plant, facility or 

network. The precautionary measures 

we have installed are based on risk 

and safety analyses performed in the 

respective areas. For facilities which 

carry a risk factor we have put in 

place an emergency management 

system. 

The world’s safest nuclear 

power plants 

A recent report by independent expert 

investigators reconfirms our 

nuclear power plants’ status as ranking 

among the safest in the world. 

The Ministry for the Environment and 

Transportation in Stuttgart which is 

responsible for the supervision of the 

nuclear power plants in Baden Württemberg 

commissioned a report from 

two experts in nuclear power safety, 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Enno F. Hicken (Jülich) 

and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Günther Keßler 

(Karlsruhe) which, among other matters, 

was designed to outline the risk 

factor associated with the nuclear 

plants in Baden Württemberg in 

terms of an international comparison. 

The results speak for themselves. In 

the expert opinion of the renowned 

22 

independent investigators, safety 

levels in the nuclear plants in Baden 

Württemberg are among the highest 

in the world. 

Last year our Philippsburg nuclear plant 

reported seven notifiable incidents in 

the level “0” range on the international 

INES scale. None of these incidents 

caused any additional radiation exposure 

either to our employees or the 

environment. 

Key findings of the Safety Report at a glance 

In coal-fired power stations the ammonia 

depot is associated with a certain 

type of risk. Ammonia is used to 

remove nitrogen oxide from flue gas. 

Our safety analyses examine each 

individual aspect of the safety precautions 

we have put in place. Wherever 

it is deemed necessary, we also 

install emergency and risk management 

plans. And we also conduct 

regular field exercises with the fire 

brigade. 

• Continuous upgrading of the nuclear power plants in Baden Württemberg 

ensures that their safety levels are likewise being continually enhanced. 

• Operational experience keeps pace with enhanced safety levels. Signs of 

increased risk through age-related factors were not ascertainable. 

• Under the supposition that the necessary investment for the “age management” 

of safety and operating systems will continue to be made in the 

future, there are no grounds for projecting an increase in the failure or 

accident risk margin due to age factors. 

• Of special note is the extremely low radiation exposure hazard to the 

population due to leakage of radioactive substances. In general, measured 

values were less than one to two percent of admissible does. 

• Training of plant operators was of a high professional standard. 

• The scientific and technological research of the past twenty years does 

not allow us to conclude that accident risks from nuclear power plants are 

higher today than they used to be. 

• The latest accident/failure simulation scenarios demonstrate that the technical 

safety systems now in place in nuclear power plants are more than 

enough to cope with arising risks. 

Stringent safety conditions are also 

observed when installing gas pipes, 

transformers and overhead cables. 

In 2000 there were insignificant incidents 

at our transformers due to small 

oil leakages. The patch of ground that 

was contaminated was cleaned according 

to environmental regulations. 

At the Iffezheim hydroelectric power 

station there was a leakage of hydraulic 

oil with a low water pollutant 

risk. Due to the high level of dilution 

no threat was posed to the biology of 

the river Rhine. 

Manual for Risk Management 

We have extended our risk management 

and brought it into line with the 

provisions of the German Act on 

Control and Transparency in the Corporate 

Sector (KonTrag). Structures, 

procedures and responsibilities are 

now set out in our Manual for Risk 

Management which is valid for all 

Regulations governing dangerous substances 

are set out in our Safety at 

Work Manual and our Environmental 

Manual. 

operating companies in our Group. 

With decentralised units for risk 

management at company level and 

risk management in place in our holdings, 

we aim to take the fullest account 

of all possible contingencies. 

Reducing industrial accidents 

We have implemented the provisions 

of the 1996 German Industrial Safety 

Act in our daily industrial operations and 

in 2000 we compiled a Safety at Work 

Manual which is valid for all the companies 

in our Group. The provisions of 

the Manual are intended as a supplement 

to those safety regulations 

already in force at individual plants. 

Our policy of industrial safety pursues 

a two-track objective: 

We strive to minimise workplace accidents 

and work-related health risks. 

At the same time we wish to promote 

a humane working climate for our 

employees. 

For example, no substance classified 

as hazardous may be purchased if 

there is a viable and less dangerous 

alternative available. In the standard 

procurement procedure, authorisation 

This means that we are take our responsibilities 

seriously as employers in 

the sense of the Act on Industrial 

Safety, a piece of legislation which 

enjoins us to take full account of all 

factors impinging on the health and 

safety of the workforce when drawing 

up a safety agenda. 

In the light of our responsibility, we 

have established an “organisation for 

health and safety protection” in order 

to ensure compliance with safety 

regulations at every level of activity 

and to enable our employees to fulfil 

their own obligations in this respect. 

In 2000, for all the operating companies 

in our Group, there was a total 

of 123 notifiable accidents, and 39 

travel and sport accidents. This gives 

a company accident rate of 14.5 accidents 

per 1,000 employees. By way 

of comparison the professional trade 

association for our sector of operations 

registers an annual average of 20.6 

accidents per 1,000 persons insured. 

Environmental protection begins with resource procurement 

Our principles for procurement in line with our commitment to the environment are set 

out in our guidelines for purchasing and in the contracts we enter into with our suppliers. 

We choose environmentally friendly transport via barge and railway for bringing fuel to 

our power plants. 

must first be obtained from the inhouse 

medical services department 

and from the industrial safety and 

environment department. 

23


Regular appraisal of suppliers 

The operating locations with eco-certification 

regularly check the quality 

standards of our suppliers. Safety 

data sheets for hazardous substances 

are posted on our intranet. In-company 

regulations governing the hand- 

By replacing an old coal-fired unit in 

the Rheinhafen steam power plant at 

Karlsruhe with a state-of-the-art gas 

turbine and steam unit, we have 

increased output efficiency to 57.5% 

– a record figure for Germany. 

In the Philippsburg nuclear power 

plant (KKP), we were able to increase 

output efficiency first by 116 MW and 

then by a further 34 MW without 

recourse to added fuel consumption. 

We did this by firstly replacing the turbine 

blades between 1991–1996 and 

then, with official sanction, by raising 

the middle range cooling agent temperature 

in unit 2 in 2000. 

24 

ling of hazardous substances will be 

posted in the intranet in 2001. 

The fuels used in our power plants 

are coal, heating oil, gas, uranium, 

sewage sludge and wood. We regularly 

monitor both the quality of the 

fuel and its history from extraction to 

final delivery. 

Maximum efficiency with minimum resource consumption 

When building new installations we opt for energy-saving construction. And we have 

continually improved the efficiency rating of our power stations. 

Energy-saving in offices too 

In view of the 4% of energy used in 

energy production and the further 6% 

of inevitable loss during transport and 

distribution, energy savings in our 

administrative departments play a 

negligible role in the overall picture. 

Even so, this is an area in which we 

are also highly energy-conscious. 

We are careful to see that new photocopiers 

and other office equipment 

comes complete with automatic 

power-down devices, that office lighting 

can be controlled by movement 

sensors and only uses energy-saving 

bulbs. 

Auxiliary material for power production in t 

Limestone 

38,933 t 

85% 

In particular, our certificated sites are 

the focus of systematic monitoring 

measures that seek to pinpoint energy-saving 

potential and harness it to 

environmental programmes. This includes 

a wide variety of measures 

from the optimal use of pumps and 

plants to enhanced control of electric 

motors. 

During conversion, we equip our 

buildings with energy-saving insulation. 

And if the findings of cost benefit 

analyses are positive, we take steps 

to install heat recovery units. 

9% 

3% 

3% 

Hydrochloric 

acid 

1,223 t 

Ammonia 

4,142 t 

Other 

1,300 t 

A miserly approach to water 

We are constantly striving to reduce water consumption by introducing water saving 

measures and multiple applications. 

Operating a power plant requires a 

tremendous quantity of water. This 

water isn’t actually consumed, but 

merely heated with the waste heat 

and channelled back into the river. In 

many sites ecological problems can 

be avoided by the use of cooling 

towers so that river heating is kept to 

a strict minimum. 

The partial conversion of units 3-6 to 

cold reserves in the Heilbronn thermal 

power plant has significantly reduced 

the need for cooling water and thus 

the warming of the river Neckar. 

Waste water recycled and 

recycled… 

In the past few years we have realised 

concepts for the multiple use of 

waste water in our plants at Heilbronn 

and Karlsruhe and in our treatment 

and disposal installations. These 

concepts have led to a drastic drop in 

levels of fresh water consumption. 

They will be further developed. 

Whilst river water consumption in our 

three thermal power plants at Heilbronn, 

Karlsruhe and Philippsburg has 

dropped by 40% from its 1997 level 

of 3 billion cubic meters to 1.8 billion 

cubic meters, the level of drinking 

water consumption has fallen by half. 

Water Input: River Water 

in million m 3 

3,500 

3,000 

2,500 

2,000 

1,500 

1,000 

500 

0 

3,059.44 

1997 

River water 

2,189.36 

1998 

2,306.14 

1999 

1,790.42 

2000 

In Heilbronn our ground water consumption 

has increased due to the 

increased water levels in the storage 

building. We use the water for plant 

operations and divert the rest, which 

is more than we need, into the river 

Neckar. 

Water Input: Groundwater/Drinking Water 


3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0 

0.138 

2.56 

0.141 

2.71 

1997 1998 1999 

Drinking Water 

Groundwater 

0.09 

3.01 

0.07 

3.27 


25


The transportation of fuels by water and rail reduces the 

burden on the environment 

The ever increasing volume of road traffic with its pollutant exhaust is causing ever bigger 

problems for the environment. We are turning more and more to transport by rail and water. 

We transport more than 99% of fuels, 

power plant adjuvants, ashes and 

secondary materials to our power 

plants by rail and water. 

Coal and oil are delivered by 

barge and rail. 

Coal from the Czech Republic and the 

Saarland arrives by rail. Oil and coal 

from the Ruhr district, Poland and 

other countries arrives by barge. 

Ammonia, acids and alkalines come 

by rail tank-car. Natural gas is delivered 

by pipeline. The only exception 

here are active sludge and limestone 

from the quarries in the Schwäbische 

Alb region which are delivered by 

truck. 

Of the over 1.9 million tonnes of coal 

delivered to our power plants in 

Heilbronn and Karlsruhe during 2000, 

82% came by barge and 17.6% by 

rail. 65% of German coal came by 

barge and 35% by rail whilst 99.4% 

of imported coal came by barge. 

26 

Secondary raw material like gypsum 

and fly ash are collected by truck and 

taken to local gypsum and cement 

works. 

Car pool with an ecological focus 

Our fleet of company vehicles consists 

of cars, trucks, and special vehicles 

including crawler trucks for 

coaling, construction machinery, lifting 

platforms and fork lift trucks. All cars 

with an Otto engine are equipped 

with a regulated catalytic converter. 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH has a fleet of 

eleven gas-operated cars which also 

gives it an opportunity to test their 

road-worthiness in everyday conditions. 

We also run seven electric vehicles. 

And our power plants strike a particularly 

friendly eco-note with no fewer 

than 60 bicycles in use on the premises. 

Incentives for employees to 

travel by rail and bus 

We offer our employees a number of 

incentives to use the public transport 

system – for instance advance financing 

of annual season tickets or issuing 

of rail discount cards that can also be 

used in employees’ free time. But we 

EnBW Car Pool 

Propulsion Total * 

Diesel 937 

Otto reg. cat conv. 958 

Electric 7 

Gas 11 

Special service vehicles 136 

Total Number 2,049 

* excluding the Disposal division and 

the Salamander Group 

also promote public transport use by 

arranging the times of business meetings 

to fit in with arrival times on 

public transport schedules. 

We also try and cut back on business 

travel time by arranging video conferences 

whenever feasible. All our 

branch offices are equipped with 

video conferencing facilities. 

Economising on space and improved building insulation 

The increasing spread of built-up areas, like the increasing volume of traffic, is one 

of Germany’s unsolved environmental problems. One solution is to return land back to 

nature and rely on space-saving construction. 

With over 40 of our power stations in 

different locations, with over 40 subsidiary 

companies in the U-plus 

Group, with approx. 270 substations 

and around 30,000 transformer stations, 

with almost 40,000 km of overhead 

cable along with pylons, with six 

regional centres, 65 local centres and 

our many offices including office blocks 

in Karlsruhe and Stuttgart – it is indeed 

no exaggeration to say that the 

EnBW entity takes up a great deal of 

space. 

80% space-saving in 

transformer stations 

But despite our huge size we can still 

advance some compelling examples 

of how we economise on space 

where we can. For instance we no 

longer build our large substations outdoors; 

thanks to new insulation techniques 

we can pack them in closed 

buildings, thus economising up to 

80% on space. 

With new buildings and refurbishment 

schemes we no longer asphalt 

over superfluous ground, or we design 

it so that rainwater can drain 

away. In general we take great care 

to ensure that as little space as possible 

around buildings, car parks and 

pathways is covered. 

Greater use of ecologically 

friendly construction materials 

Furthermore, our new construction 

programmes and refurbishment 

schemes place great emphasis on the 

use of ecologically friendly and recyclable 

materials and substances in 

order to reduce the amount of material 

we must later dispose of. 

With a view to reducing energy consumption, 

our refurbishment schemes 

always include extensive insulation 

measures and wherever possible we 

retrofit shading structures. 

At our certificated sites we have begun 

to make our own survey of space 

usage. Thus, the statement of environmental 

intent from our Rheinhafen 

thermal power plant at Karlsruhe shows 

that total plant surface of 301,596 sq. 

m may be broken down as follows: 

42% green spaces; 19% building 

land; 11% coal storage area; and 28% 

roads and sealed surfaces. 

A survey of overall space usage is 

scheduled for 2001. 

We also treat and dispose of 

residual waste 

More often than not, residual waste 

has been left over from the post-war 

period and the period of economic 

reconstruction that followed it. During 

the 1990s at our plant sites in Heilbronn, 

Karlsruhe and Marbach we discovered 

residual pollution in the form 

of hydrocarbon-contaminated land. 

A partial clean-up operation was carried 

out in Karlsruhe in the vicinity of 

the storage tanks. In Heilbronn we 

siphoned off the polluted ground 

water and purified it through an 

activated charcoal filter. 

In conjunction with the local authorities 

we regularly monitor the groundwater 

table and are ready for a speedy 

intervention should signs of contaminant 

mobilisation appear. In all cases 

involving residual waste, we have 

engaged independent assessors and 

alerted the local authorities. 

27


Avoiding waste and recycling secondary raw materials 

In accordance with our belief in a closed-loop economy, we subscribe to the principle of 

minimising the production of waste and recycling whatever waste is produced. This is a 

principle we have fully integrated into our business operations. 

Our coal-fired power plants which are 

responsible for producing the main 

part of secondary raw materials and 

waste are a case in point: we have 

now achieved a performance where 

94% of all waste material can be 

recycled. The 217,000 tonnes of kfly 

ash and kgypsum collected during 

2000 from the kdust separator in 

the electric filter or from the kflue 

gas desulphurisation unit after due 

quality control and certification have 

been sold to the construction materials 

industry as secondary raw materials. 

The gypsum we obtain from the 

flue gas purification process has a 

particularly sparing effect on the consumption 

of primary raw material and 

has been given the seal of the “blue 

eco-angel” by the Federal Office for 

the Environment. 

We were able to recycle 57% of the 

waste from the EnBW energy division; 

however, the refurbishment of the 

cooling towers at Heilbronn and 

Philippsburg produced a relatively 

high, if non-recurrent, quota of nonrecyclable 

waste. 

28 

Secondary Raw Materials in t 

Ash Granulate 

155,334 t 

Boiler Sand 

14,479 t 

Sludge as fertiliser for the farm 

Gypsum 

61,495 t 

Residual Lime 

3,554 t 

We have also delivered 3,600 tonnes 

of certificated sludge to the agricultural 

sector for use as fertiliser on the land 

and for soil improvement. Gained 

from the auxiliary water treatment 

unit at the cooling tower of the Heilbronn 

plant. 

Overview of Main Types of Waste in the Energy Division in % 

Rakings 

3,400,6 t 

Asbestos-based Construction Materials, 

Mineral Fibres 5,133,9 t 

17.66% 

26.66% 

16.07% 

14.34% 

In all our companies we take stock of 

the amount of waste produced once 

a year and every five years we draw 

up a waste management strategy for 

minimising and recycling waste. In 

this context our treatment and disposal 

subsidiary U-plus has a range of 

excellent services and cutting-edge 

techniques. 

To promote graded recycling, we dispose 

of the different kinds of waste 

in separate and clearly labelled containers, 

thus permitting the disposal 

of smaller amounts of waste. 

This is a principle which doesn’t just 

apply to our power plant sites but to 

all of our other installations, sites, 

companies and administrative offices. 

15.31% 

9.96% 

Metallic Scrap 

3,093,8 t 

Other Types 

2,762,8 t 

Construction/Demolition Debris 

(excluding asbestos) 2,948,3 t 

Sludge from Oil and Water Precipitators 

1,917,2 t 

Success in reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutants 

Industrial sites, power plants, factories and vehicles produce emissions of harmful air 

pollutants like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, dust and the greenhouse 

gas CO2. It is vital, taking into consideration both the current state of technological development 

and the economic and ecological opportunities, to keep these emissions to a 

bare minimum. 

A few years ago, we invested a great 

deal of money in retrofitting our old 

coal-fired power plants with flue gas 

desulphurisation and denox facilities 

whilst all new units were equipped in 

line with the latest developments in 

environmental technology. This investment 

has had a markedly positive 

effect in reducing emission levels of 

hazardous gas. 

We have installed calibrated measuring 

devices in our power plant chimney 

stacks for continuous emission measurement 

to ensure strict observance 

of official critical limits. Protocols are 

delivered to the authorities. The protocols 

of our coal-fired plants at Heilbronn 

and Karlsruhe in particular are 

compelling evidence of what can be 

achieved to cut back emission levels 

of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. 

Regression of Specific SO 2 Emissions in Heilbronn and Karlsruhe 

in g/kWh 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Regression of Specific NO 2 Emissions in Heilbronn and Karlsruhe 

in g/kWh 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

29


City air as clean as mountain air 

The measures to reduce hazardous 

emissions introduced in Germany in 

1985 have lead to a substantial decrease 

in the level of sulphur-dioxide 

air pollution. Even densely populated 

and heavily industrialised areas now 

record sulphur dioxide levels so low 

they are on a par with earlier figures 

from mountain and seaside resorts. 

The measures to desulphurise flue 

gas and reduce the sulphur content in 

heating oil are indeed having a spectacular 

effect. Much less noticeable, 

on the other hand, due to the increased 

volume of traffic on the roads, is 

the reduction of nitrogen oxide levels 

which constitute around 62% of all air 

pollution in Germany. 

30 

Production 

in GWh 

7,000 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Regression of Total Amount of SO 2 in Heilbronn and Karlsruhe 

in t 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Regression of Total Amount of NO 2 in Heilbronn and Karlsruhe 

in t 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Extremely low radioactive 

emissions 

Nuclear power plants cause merely 

trace-like radioactive emissions. They 

are placed under the strictest official 

surveillance with in-depth annual 

reporting on emission levels. A longterm 

comparison of report-based evidence 

shows that emission levels are 

way down below official threshold 

values. Actual additional radiation exposure 

in the vicinity of the plants is 

less than 1% of the natural radiation 

exposure we receive in our daily lives. 

If assessment shows that waste water 

pollutant levels are inside official critical 

limits, the water is pumped into 

the sewage system to be treated in 

the local authority sewage plant and 

released into the river. 

Waste water with higher pollutant 

levels is treated either in the company’s 

own water treatment plant or 

in its own sewage plant. Each of our 

power plants has its own water treatment 

facility. 

Activity Emissions in Air and Water at the Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant 

in % of threshold value 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

Inert Gas * 

* Emission Path in Air 

** Gamma Activity (excluding Tritium) 

Iodine * Aerosol * Gamma ** Tritium 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Purified waste water makes for cleaner rivers 

Our plants produce waste water in a wide number of ways. Apart from “household” 

waste water and natural precipitation, the waste water produced from our installations, 

laboratories and production facilities shows varying degrees of industrial contamination. 

One third reduction in waste 

water volume 

In coal-fired power plants, huge cleaning 

units use water to remove hazardous 

substances from the flue gas. 

Before this water can be reused or 

pumped into the sewage system, we 

first have to remove the pollutants. 

Wherever possible we try and recycle 

these substances. Non-recyclable 

material is disposed of in special refuse 

disposal sites. 

From 1997-2000 we were able effect 

around a one third reduction in waste 

water volume from our power plants. 

Last year we conducted a survey of 

all sewage conduits in our network 

and power plant division and effected 

any necessary repairs. 

31


Water Output – Cooling Water 


3,500 

3,000 

2,500 

2,000 

1,500 

1,000 

500 

0 

By oxygenating the recovered cooling 

water with water cascades, air jets or 

cooling towers as well as by cleaning 

it of large quantities of rubbish, our 

power plants are making a vital contribution 

to improved river water quality. 

Last year our power plant sites removed 

3,401 tonnes of dirt (rakings) 

from river water. Where feasible we 

turned this rubbish to compost. Noncompostable 

material such as plastic 

bottles and tin cans is graded and 

recycled. 

32 

3,038.11 

1997 

Cooling Water 

2,141.97 

1998 

2,264.10 

1999 

1,740.42 


Water Output – Evaporation Water 


70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

23.71 

1997 

48.55 

1998 

Evaporation Water 

44.57 

1999 

Electro-magnetic fields 

50.83 


Power for our customers is conveyed 

over our grid to the end user. When 

electricity flows through a cable it 

produces an electro-magnetic field 

which, although not generally detectable 

by normal human senses, is easily 

measured on a technical instrument. 

The debate on whether electro-magnetic 

fields cause an adverse effect 

on human health has been given a 

solid grounding with the definition of 

precautionary critical values following 

the 1997 enactment of the 26th 

ordinance based on the “BImSchG” 

law on immission control. 

Water Output – Waste Water 


1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0 

0.14 

0.08 

3500 

3000 

2500 


1500 

1000 

0.24 

0.83 1.13 500 0.57 0.43 

0 

1997 1998 1999 

Waste Water (sewage system) 

Waste Water (direct discharge) 

0.24 


Over the past few years we have 

monitored our facilities to ascertain 

their compliance with the provisions 

and critical values laid down in the 

ordinance. Two transformers have 

been modified to ensure full compliance. 

Wherever possible we opt for standardised 

facilities registered with the 

appropriate inspection authorities or 

with manufacturer’s certification. 

Transformers without that hum 

Machines 60 can make a lot of noise. 1,5Noise 

pollution is a major environmental problem in 

50 

Germany. One of the chief sources 1,2of 

noise is road traffic. Fortunately there is a whole 

40 

battery of technological options for 0,9 reducing noise pollution levels. 

30 

20 

Power 10 plants and other facilities are 

often 0 situated near residential areas. 

This makes effective acoustical insulation 

a matter of special concern. 

Low-noise motors and ventilators, 

sound-dampening insulation and 

sound-deadening walls all help to reduce 

the sound level to within official 

critical limits. 

Our commitment to nature conservation 

can be illustrated in a number of 

ways from greening of roofs and planting 

open land with local flora and our 

comprehensive ecologically friendly 

cable routing policy to the creation of 

nesting sites for endangered bird species 

such as the migratory falcon and 

the systematic ecological approach 

we adopt with our river power plants. 

In cooperation with the Ministry for 

the Environment, we have launched 

an extensive programme for the pro- 

0,6 

0,3 

Integrated sound dampeners in 

power 0,0 plant chimneys 

In our plants we draw up “noise matrix 

diagrams”. Employees in areas with 

particularly high noise levels are provided 

with noise-protection equipment. 

Our noise reduction programme has 

been designed for a quieter working 

environment with a range of measures 

including removing the characteristic 

“hum” from our new transformers 

tection of large birds which involves 

equipping medium-voltage pylons 

with bird deterrents. Last year alone 

we equipped around 6,000 pylons 

with such devices at a cost of around 

€ 1.9 million. The bird protection programme 

should be completed by late 

2002. 

A home for storks in Ettenheim 

In the Rheinhausen regional centre 

we have equipped a 16-metre high 

mast with a stork nest to promote 

and integrating sound-dampeners in 

the chimneys of our power plants. 

The conversion of the 220-kV line 

near Ravensburg has lead to a significant 

reduction in noise levels. The 

monitoring programme to ascertain 

noise levels under a number of different 

climatic conditions which is being 

carried out with the authorities and 

private-initiative groups is scheduled 

for completion in 2001. 

Nature conservation is one of our primary concerns 

Technical installations like buildings, power plants or high-tension cables all have an 

impact on our environment and on the balance of nature. We are committed to the search 

for intelligent and innovative solutions that can minimise or compensate for this impact. 

colonisation. The “Nabu” nature conservation 

group in Ettenheim will be 

responsible for its up-keep and the 

local communities hope it will prove 

attractive for the birds. A family of 

storks found nesting on a pylon in 

Stockach near Lake Constance has 

been removed and given a new home. 

And the Mainhard local branch of the 

“Schwäbische Albverein” nature association 

has converted a disused 

transformer into a one-of-a-kind home 

for owls, bats, hedgehogs and bees. 

33

It is planned to use an innovative 

method to process the granulated 

PVC created from waste electrical 

cable to virtually top-quality PVC. 

The pilot plant is currently being 

built in Eppingen, and will soon 

be in service. 

Objectives 

and Future 

Projects 

We continued to implement our 

Environmental Programme in the 

new EnBW company when it was 

formed in 1998. The environmental 

statements of the various locations 

outline the specific objectives at the 

various sites. 

The following section provides an over- 

view as of the end of 2000 of all 

ongoing and planned activities geared 

towards the overall goal of environ- 

mental protection.

Objectives and Future Projects 

Activity/Goal Remarks, Purpose Controlling Body Timeframe Target 2000 Activity/Goal Remarks, Purpose Controlling Body Timeframe Target 2000 

Extending disposal 

and treatment services 

Market launch of 

innovative Thermoselect 

technology for 

thermal residual 

waste treatment 

Extending district 

heating services 

Promotion of renewable 

energy sources/ 

Energy-saving 

measures 

• Eco-tariff, green and 

solar 

• Promotion of heat 

pumps 

• Promotion of Solar 

thermal collector 

• Promotion of 

passive houses 

• The photovoltaic 

standard complete 

package „EnBW 

Solar plus” 

• Photovoltaics 

13 facilities in 

Widderstall 

36 

Realisation of a closedloop 

system through 

innovative solutions 

To achieve pollutant 

levels markedly below 

the threshold values 

fixed by stringent legal 

regulations. 

Resource conservation 

by nearly 100% recycling 

of residual waste 

Reduction of pollutant 

levels from single heating 

systems 

Distribution network 

with over 160 service 

partners in Baden- 

Württemberg 

Monitoring long-term 

performance 

EnBW EnBW Holding 

KWG EnBW Kraftwerke AG 

ODR EnBW Ostwürttemberg Donau Ries AG 

REG EnBW Regional AG 

SVG EnBW Service GmbH 

TNG EnBW Transportnetze AG 

EnBW FE&D EnBW, Forschung und Entwicklung 

SVG B SVG, Baumanagement und allgemeiner Service 

SVG BF SVG, Fahrzeugwesen 

SVG EN SVG, Einkauf 

U-plus AG Ongoing + 10% turnover Development of new 

ecologically friendly 

energy technologies 

Thermoselect Südwest 

GmbH Thermische Abfallbehandlungsanlagen 


(KWG) 


EnBW Vertriebsgesellschaft 

GmbH (VTG) 

2001 (Commissioning 

of permanent 

Karlsruhe site for the 

first Thermoselect 

plant in Germany) 

Positive proof of environmental 

soundness 

in normal operating 

conditions. New concept 

for enhancing 

emergency operations 

Ongoing + 4.2% district 

heating turnover 

Ongoing + 12% more 

customers 

VTG Till late 2001 

(applications close in 

late 2000) 


(applications close end 

of 2000) 


(applications close end 

of 2000) 

+ 455 facilities 

+ 579 new facilities 

+ 24 passive houses 

VTG Since mid 2000 + 97 kWp installed 

output 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG Since 2000 New objective 

• Thin-layer solar cells 

– pilot production 

• PEM 250 kW fuel 

cell systems – pilot 

project 

• Fuel cell systems – 

pilot project (NEGEV) 

• 1MW fuel cell 

systems – pilot 

project 

• Parabolic-trough solar 

power plant – experimental 

plant 

Transportation 

• Introduction of a 

EDP-assisted planning 

system for 

transport coordination 

and vehicle use 

• Study on propulsive 

use of biodiesel 

Power Plant 

Eco-Audits 

• Rheinhafen steam 

power plant 

Karlsruhe 

• Philippsburg 

nuclear plant 

• Heilbronn cogen 

plant 

Production of ultra-thin 

membrane solar cells 

using energy-saving 

production technology 

Comparison with 

BHKW in Bad 

Schönborn 

1 kW PEM cell system 

for household electricity 

SO fuel cells with 

auxiliary microturbine 

as demonstration plant 

Trials in Spain for a 

1.5 MWth plant 

Reduction of fuel consumption 

and exhaust 

levels 

Biodiesel has a favourable 

CO 2 showing; 

Audit acc. to EEC 

Eco-Audit Directive and 

ISO 14001 

Audit acc. to 

ISO 14001 

Audit acc. to EEC 

Eco-Audit Directive 

• Rudolf-Fettweiswerk Audit acc. to EEC 

Eco-Audit Directive 

EnBW/Würth AG Mid 2000 Marbach project in the 

pipeline 

EnBW FE&D 2000-2004 Project in the pipeline 

EnBW FE&D 2000-2005 Began 2000 

EnBW FE&D 2000-2004 1 MW pilot project for 

Marbach in the pipeline 

EnBW FE&D Mid 2000 Project in the pipeline 

SVG BF Mid 2001 On-going implementation 

of “FUDAS” software 

(Investment of 

€ 102,258) 

SVG EN 2000 Project concluded; 

overall ecological value 

dubious 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 2000 5 July 2000; 

(revalidation 2003) 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 2000 Began August 1999 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 2001 Began autumn 2000 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 2002 New objective 

37



Measures to avoid 

infringement of 

critical values for 

fuel element transport 

containers 

Protection of Land 

and Groundwater 

• Ongoing measures 

for the refurbishment 

of catching facilities 

at substations to prevent 

oil leakage 

• Leak-proofing and 

upgrading of waste 

water treatment plants 

• Site-specific drainage 

of rain water 

• Survey of developed 

and non-developed 

land 

• Minimum sealing of 

land around buildings, 

car parks paths 

etc 

• Building, conversion, 

renovation and upgrading 

of technical 

water protection 

facilities 

• Installation of catching 

facilities for the 

interim storage of 

local network transformers 

38 

Pre-emptive environmental 

measures 


measures 

Enrichment of groundwater 

level and rain 

water retention 

Systematic survey enables 

optimal approach 

to improvements 

Enrichment of groundwater 

level and rain 



measures 


measures 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG 1999 Measures 1999 concluded. 

Transport 

follows in April 2001 

REG, ODR 

SVG B 

REG, ODR 

SVG B 

REG, ODR 

building owner 

SVG B 

Till c. 2010 According to 

programme 

Every 5, 10 or 15 years Initial trials completed 

Standing principle New objective 

SVG B Late 2001 New objective 


SVG B 

REG, ODR 


SVG B 

REG, ODR 

SVG B 



Till c. 2003 Many plants 

converted in 2000 

Nature and Landscape 

Conservation 

Greening roof surfaces Promotion of ecological 

niches and rain 


Use of low temperature 

outdoor lighting 

Planting outdoor facilities 

with local flora 

appropriate to local 

conditions 

Bundling of 

cable routes 

Bird protection programme 

for medium 

voltage pylons 

Creating an ecological 

environment for flowing 

water sites 


SVG B 

Insect protection REG, ODR 


SVG Baumanagement 

Conserving local biodiversity 

and vegetation 

Economises space and 

provides an optical 

environmental bonus 

Protection of bird species 

with broad wing 

span 

Enhancing life conditions 

in flowing water 

sites to offset impact 

of hydroelectric plant 

operations. 



REG, ODR, TNG, 

EnBW Gas 

EnBW Regional AG, 

EnBW Ostwürttemberg 

DonauRies AG 

Standing principle Partly subject to approval 

by appropriate 

authorities 

Only just started New objective 

Component of building 

programmes. 

Standing principle 

KWG Standing principle in 

coordination with 

water authorities 

New objective 


2002 6,000 pylons converted 

in 2000 at a cost of 

€ 1.9 million 

in conjunction with 

water authorities 

39



Buildings and 

Technical Equipment 

Use of environmentally 

friendly materials and 

substances 

Selection of materials 

and substances with 

regard to their future 

recycling potential 

Replacing halogen-rich 

cooling agents 

Planning and constructing 

flexibilised buildings 

Optimising technical 

facilities 

Insulating older buildings 

and retrofitting 

shading 

Installation of heat 

recovery facilities 

40 

Reduction of environmental 

burden 

Reduction of future 

waste 

Mitigating greenhouse 

effect 

Less resource input for 

building usage 

Reduction in energy 

consumption 

Reducing energy consumption. 

Allows for 

smaller sized facilities 

(air conditioning, heating 

etc) 

Overall management: 


All companies Standing principle New objective 


All companies till 2015 New objective 



All companies Component of conversion 

programme 

Energy conservation All companies Under consideration as 

a standing principle 

New objective 

Awaiting in-company 

cost benefit analysis 

Extension of gas 

power sales 

• Reducing CO 2 emissions 

in the distribution 

area by 110,000 t. 

• Reduction of volume 

of building waste 

• Optimised usage of 

existing storage capacities 

of gas lines 

• Development programme 

for naturalgas-fuelled 

cars 

• Increasing the number 

of natural gas filling 

stations 

• Study on the feasibility 

of natural gaspowered 

vehicles 

• Further development 

of natural gas propulsion 

system for 

indoor carts 

Replacing heating oil 

with gas means lower 

emission levels 

Natural gas CO 2 emission 

levels are up to 

30% lower than those 

of heating oil 

By using new materials 

in the construction of 

pipe conduits 

Less need for storage, 

Saves space. 

Incentive for the private 

customer to switch to 

gas-powered cars 

Consolidation of the 

infrastructure for gaspowered 

vehicles 

A variety of naturalgas-powered 

vehicles 

will be tested with a 

view to their long-term 

prospects 

Reduction of fuel consumption 

and exhaust 

fumes. 

EnBW Gas GmbH Ongoing + 2.4% gas turnover 

EnBW Gas GmbH Till 2003 New objective 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH Standing principle Since 1998: reduction 

of 370 m 3 per year 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH In 2000 Replacement for 

65-kilometre 

high-pressure line 

EnBW Gas GmbH 2000/2001 10 customers 

EnBW Gas GmbH In 2000 2 stations are ready to 

begin operations. 

Continuation in key 

economic locations 

EnBW Gas GmbH First results issued in 

1998, ongoing study 

Raising the number of 

EnBW gas-powered 

vehicles to 11 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH 1997-2002 TÜV Pfalz inspection 

report states: exhaust 

–40% carbon monoxide 

and –70% soot, benzole 

dioxide and sulphur 

dioxide 

41

Uranium is a safe and economical 

fuel, which realistically can only 

be used for generating electricity. 

A uranium pellet weighs 7.5 g, 

and suffices to generate 2,000 

kWh of electricity, without emitting 

CO2. For supplying a household 

of four, an average of two 

uranium pellets a year are needed. 

Further 

Information 

One of our guiding principles: 

“The ecological commitment of 

EnBW extends from the individual 

power plant right through to the 

end customer.” 

Our environmental protection activ- 

ities focus on the effective and future- 

oriented provision of energy. We offer 

our customers innovative, competitively 

priced products and services that pro- 

mote the efficient use of energy.

Further Information 

What goes into the production of one kilowatt hour 

of electricity 

Electricity generation is a highly complex and elaborate process. But as ecological findings 

show, the industry’s impact on the environment can now be kept to a minimum thanks to 

modern, state-of-the-art technology. 

We can trace the flow of electricity 

backwards from the plug in the living 

room over the wire that leads to the 

house connection line which leads to 

the local transformer. From there it 

goes via subterranean or overhead 

cable to the transformer station and 

from there via medium-voltage networks, 

substations with transformers, 

switching systems and converters 

and high-voltage lines all the way 

back to the power plant. 

In our group this means mainly nuclear 

power plants, coal- and gas-fired plants 

and hydroelectric generating stations. 

The electricity which reaches the end 

user through the network is produced 

here by the action of turbines in the 

generator. We produce the heat and 

steam which is essential for this process 

by splitting the uranium atom or 

by burning coal and gas or by harnessing 

the power of moving water to 

operate the turbines. 

“Ingredients” for electricity 

generation 

The nuclear fuel uranium is mined 

throughout the world from uraniumrich 

rock, then treated, concentrated, 

inserted in tablet form into fuel rods 

and transported to the nuclear power 

plant. 

44 

Coal, oil and gas are million-year old 

fossil remains of plants and small 

animals, transformed and preserved 

in pockets in the earth’s crust. Coal is 

produced in many regions of the 

world. We may get it from Australia, 

South Africa or Columbia where huge 

bucket wheel excavators extract it 

from open cast mines. It is then 

shipped to Rotterdam and from there 

transported to Germany. 

Two million tonnes of coal 

in one year 

Last year our plants at Heilbronn and 

Karlsruhe consumed around two million 

tonnes of coal, producing waste 

gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur 

dioxide, nitrogen oxide as well as 

dust. Highly efficient units can filter 

the majority of the pollutants out of 

the flue gases with the exception of 

carbon dioxide, the basic by-product 

of every combustion process. But the 

filtered products can themselves have 

new negative environmental impacts 

if they have to be stored. This is why 

we process the gypsum and fly ash 

we gain from the filters into materials 

for the construction industry. . 

Ecological stock-taking 

An “eco-breakdown” of our electricity 

generating activities provides the following 

picture. 

For one kilowatt hour of electricity – 

the equivalent, say, of one hour spent 

using the vacuum cleaner – we require 

(based on our 2000 energy mix) 0.001 

grams of uranium, 76 grams of coal, 

1 gram of natural gas and 1 gram of 

heating oil as well as 2 grams of 

limestone. 

The production of one kilowatt hour 

of electricity based on this energy mix 

involves approx. 0.005 grams of radioactive 

waste material, 225 grams of 

carbon dioxide, 0.20 grams of sulphur 

dioxide, 0.16 grams of nitrogen oxide, 

and 0.005 grams of dust, 0.7 grams 

of waste material, as well as 3 grams 

of gypsum and 8 grams of fly ash for 

the cement industry. 

Minimal environmental impact 

With the advanced technology we 

have installed in our power plants to 

protect the environment, we ensure 

that environmental impact is kept to a 

strict minimum. Even if we take preand 

post production processes into 

account, the overall picture remains 

substantially the same. And the large 

quota of nuclear and hydroelectric 

power we produce means that our 

specific CO2 emission levels are also 

relatively low: with 225 grams per 

kilowatt hour, we have only reached 

about 40% of the national average. 

Natural gas is an environmentallyfriendly 

fuel for both domestic use 

and power stations. When burned, 

it only produces little CO 2. 

However, reserves are somewhat 

limited, and it is thus inclined to be 

relatively expensive.


Combined heat and power for added efficiency in thermal 

power plants 

Power and heat integration substantially enhances the efficiency of thermal power plants. 

In coal-fuelled power plants the integration of electricity generation with heat production 

can raise the efficiency rate of the fuel to as high as 80%. 

We operate cogeneration plants in 

Heilbronn, Karlsruhe and in two industrial 

companies. Our thermal plant at 

Heilbronn has been supplying industry 

with heating steam since 1960. 

Unit 7 is for corporate customers 

like Audi 

The hard coal unit 7 at Heilbronn has 

an electrical output of 700 megawatts 

with a maximum decoupled thermal 

output of 550 megawatts. This unit 

has been supplying Audi (85 megawatts) 

and Kolbenschmidt (10 megawatts) 

since 1985 with district heating 

via a hot water network. 

46 

In August 2001 we will be supplying 

power to another major corporate 

customer, Campina AG , with a thermal 

power input of 20 megawatts (28 

tonnes of steam per hour). This steam 

will be taken from the auxiliary steam 

collecting bar in the power station 

and fed through a kilometre-long pipe 

to the other side of the river Neckar. 

Single-source power and heat 

Unit 7 in Karlsruhe produces electricity 

but also up to 220 megawatts of 

district heating. This involves taking 

super-heated steam from the turbines 

and channelling it via heat exchangers 

to the hot water system of the municipal 

power company on which more 

than 17,000 private customers and 

1,300 small firms rely for their heating 

needs. Decoupling of district heating 

increases the overall efficiency of unit 

7 by 14% to 55%. Electricity production 

alone gives an efficiency quota of 

41%. 

This not only helps to economise on 

valuable fuel, it also helps conserve 

energy resources. And this has played 

a role in making Karlsruhe a clean air 

city, because the central heating installation 

at unit 7 has taken over the 

work of a whole battery of decentral 

heating systems with relatively high 

overall emission levels. This one unit 

now saves around 60 million litres of 

heating oil a year. 

Hydroelectric and solar power for clean energy production 

At EnBW we have a long tradition of energy production from renewable sources. We also 

generate power from biogas, tree bark and wind. 

Hydroelectric power 

In Baden Württemberg we operate 36 

run-of-the-river power plants and a 

natural inflow pumped-storage system. 

The smallest of these has an 

output that just manages 50 kilowatts 

whilst the largest can manage a respectable 

113 megawatts. This is in 

addition to our holdings in six run-ofthe-river 

power plants on the Upper 

Danube (ODK), in the Rhine power 

stations at Gambsheim and Iffezheim, 

in five run-of-the-river power plants on 

the Upper Rhine and four pumpedstorage 

systems in the Black Forest. 

Through our EnBW Kraftwerke AG 

subsidiary we have a majority 60% 

stake in the Neckar AG with 24 hydroelectric 

plants on the river Neckar. We 

also receive the major part of the 

power production from Vorarlberger 

Illwerken, Zemm-Ziller and Sellrain- 

Silz, who operate storage power 

plants in the Austrian Alps, and we 

now manage their network input. 

Furthermore, beginning in 2000 we 

have increased our purchasing quota 

from the Obere Ill-Lünersee group of 

plants belonging to Vorarlberger Illerwerke 

AG and now take 75% or 1 billion 

kilowatt hours of their peak current. 

In total during 2000 we generated 

around 6,847 gigawatt hours of hydroelectric 

power. This represents a total 

equivalent saving of 6,3 million tonnes 

of CO2 emission. 

Two thirds of the comparatively high 

quota of hydroelectric power in the 

power portfolio of the EnBW Kraftwerke 

AG (2000: 13.9%) comes from 

storage power stations in the Alps. 

Electricity from biogas, tree bark, 

wind and solar energy 

Apart from the relatively high-profile 

role we give to hydroelectric power 

generation, we also run a large variety 

of plants operating on renewable energy 

sources like biomass/gas, wind 

and solar energy. In a total number of 

seven locations we use methane-rich 

biogas for electricity production in 

nine landfill gas power plant units and 

one sewage gas thermal power plant 

unit. In cooperation with the Klenk 

Holzwerke in Oberrot we operate a 

thermal power plant fuelled with tree 

bark that has proved to be a highly 

efficient producer of power and heat. 

The heat is mainly used in the form of 

steam for drying timber. 

Since the end of 1998 in the district 

heating plant at Baden-Baden, the 

wood chipping-fired unit has been on 

stream with a 3 megawatt thermal 

output. Last year it delivered a total 

heat output of 29 million kilowatt hours. 

Trial wind power plant in the 

Schwäbische Alb region 

In a long-term trial project near the 

town of Heroldstatt in the Schwäbische 

Alb region we have been testing 

two wind power plants since 1988. 

Number of Installed Electricity CO 2 

plants output feed avoidance 

in kWel in MWh in tonnes 

Biomass/Biogas 29.109 

Landfill gas 9 3,200 14,468 

Sewage gas 1 100 441 

Bark/wood chips 1 2,000 16,800 

Wind 884 

Heroldstatt 2 135 54 

Westerheim 1 600 909 

Photovoltaic 59 

Eco Tariff 15 87.8 65 

Solar energy 

Total 6,056 32,737 30,052


In 1998 within the framework of the 

“green” eco tariff programme we 

built a 600 kW wind power station in 

Westerheim specially developed for 

inland operation. A further wind power 

station with a 1,5-MW capacity is 

scheduled to commence operation in 

Westerheim by 2001. 

Solar power 

In the framework of the “solar” eco 

tariff programme we have installed 

three new photovoltaic plants, bringing 

the number of such plants to 15 

The provenance of our “green” electricity 

is monitored and audited on an 

annual basis by independent inspectors 

in accordance with the rigorous 

directives of the TÜV Standard EE01. 

Last year too, our customers continued 

their support for the construction 

of new regenerative source power 

plants with a premium of four cents 

per kilowatt hour with the “green” 

eco tariff and € 0.82 with the “solar” 

eco tariff. This way they can play an 

active part in ensuring that the quota 

of environmentally friendly production 

technologies based on renewable 

48 

with an overall output of 87.8 kilowatts. 

A further two plants will come 

on stream in 2001. 

The role played by renewable 

energy is becoming increasingly 

important 

Since the enactment of the EEG 

legislation on renewable energy in 

April 2000, to the end of last year 

1,957 plant owners fed approx. 334 

million kilowatt hours of power from 

renewable energy sources into the 

EnBW network. 

“EEG” power feed 

No. of plants 

Wind energy 34 

Biomass 121 

Water/Bio/Gas 697 

Photovoltaic 1,105 

Feed in megawatt hours: 

approx. 334 GWh 

CO 2 avoidance in tonnes per year: 

approx. 306,500 t. 

More and more customers are opting for environmentally 

sound electricity at attractive special tariffs 

Electricity from renewable energy sources is fast becoming a favourite with our customers. 

As one of the most innovative energy supply companies in Germany, we have been quick to 

recognise the pattern of the new trend and as early as 1997 we launched the eco tariff for 

electricity from renewable sources. 

energy sources in our electricity mix 

will continue to increase. Alongside 

our private customers, more and 

more small businesses and industrial 

companies are expressing interest in 

our environmentally friendly electricity. 

New customer enrolments in 2000 

Eco-tariff “solar” produced: 64,726 kWh 

ordered: 59,600 kWh 

included F. u. B. Keramik, Hirrlingen, 

Epson Deutschland, Ismaning, and 

Solectron GmbH, Herrenberg. 

Last year the electricity mix for our eco 

tariff customers was made up of the 

following renewable energy sources: 

Eco-tariff “green” produced: Hydroelec.: 7,036,000 kWh 

Wind: 909,300 kWh 

ordered: 1,966,000 kWh 

In total, our 18 plants produced over 8 

million kilowatt hours of environmentally 

friendly electricity. The clear overproduction 

in relation to the volume 

ordered demonstrates our commitment 

to a long-term strategy of consistently 

expanding energy production 

from renewable sources. Our objective 

here is the steady expansion of 

the eco tariff customer base, even if 

this involves advance input on our 

part. 

In this respect our Energy Report has 

already proved its worth as an effective 

instrument for the control and 

appraisal of community energy consumption. 

Time and again, it has been 

demonstrated that even just discussion 

Fish pass turbine produces 

eco power 

Alongside the hydroelectric plant at 

Mooshausen, we commenced operations 

in May 2000 in our new eco 

tariff plant, the “fish pass” turbine at 

Iffezheim. This has a 1,200 kilowatt 

installed output and for the remaining 

seven months of the year generated 

over 4.4 million kilowatt hours of environmentally 

friendly electricity. 

Photovoltaics – up and coming 

but still a small player 

Three new photovoltaic plants began 

production this year in Widderstall, 

Moosbach and Bruchsal, boosting our 

of the Report by the district council or 

in the local administration can result 

in greater awareness of the issues 

involved. 

Such increased awareness is the 

motor for significant energy savings 

and thus reduced energy costs and 

lower pollutant emission levels. And 

electricity output from photovoltaic 

plants by 67% to an overall total of 

64,726 kilowatt hours. Two further 

plants which were still under construction 

at the beginning of the year 

have now been completed and are 

supplying solar-produced electricity. 

Photovoltaic systems apparently seem 

to be so popular that we have to report, 

to our regret, that two modules 

with an output of 0.8 kilowatt in 

Heitersheim have vanished without a 

trace. To offset their loss we were 

quick to erect a photovoltaic plant in 

Ellwangen with a 1.2 kW output. 

Communities get to grips with energy management 

Apart from our development programme for renewable sources, local communities can 

also take advantage of our services for successful energy management. 

this can all be achieved without the 

need for investment lay-out. To date, 

370 towns and communities with 

around 10,000 facilities are taking advantage 

of our Report. Churches and 

charitable institutions will likewise 

find it beneficial. 

49


Our earth is an inexhaustible reservoir of heat 

From ten to 100 metres below the surface of the earth there is a constant temperature of 

10-14 degrees. Heat pumps which extract the deep-down warmth for heating purposes 

turn high oil and gas prices into yesterday’s news. 

In the light of rising oil and gas prices 

the heat pump is becoming an ever 

more attractive alternative. And unlike 

plants driven by limited fossil fuels, 

its fuel will simply never run out. Its 

energy output is also worth a second 

look: heat pumps can convert one 

kilowatt hour of electricity into up to 

four kilowatt hours of heating energy. 

This is the background to why at 

EnBW we are keen to press ahead 

with the market launch of the heat 

pump. Last year 455 facilities were 

developed in the framework of the 

renewable energy development programme 

with application deadline in 

late 2000. Over the whole course of 

the programme funding to the tune of 

€ 3 million has been made available 

solely for the development of heat 

pump prototypes. 

50 

Promotion of the heat pump in 

new building schemes… 

In new residential areas with improved 

heat insulation it is convenient to 

install low temperature panel heating. 

This is an ideal situation for a brine/ 

hot water pump in conjunction with 

geothermal probes. 

…and in old buildings 

Many older houses need to have the 

boiler heating system replaced to 

comply with new regulations. The 

heat pump can offer an attractive 

alternative here, especially in cases 

where the operating temperature of 

the heating system is fairly low. Air 

and warm water pumps which can be 

installed inside or outside the house 

have shown that they can manage 

the job. 

The house of the future has no 

energy problems 

Passive houses have no energy problems. 

With their special structural 

construction, their annual heating 

requirement is 15 kilowatt hours per 

square metre: in other terms around 

1.5 litres of heating oil per square 

metre a year. Compact devices with 

integrated heat pump can assure air 

conditioning, supplementary heating 

and the hot water supply. 

Heat recovery 

There is now a boom in low-energy 

housing. They require 25-30% less 

heating than conventional-type housing 

and are in full compliance with the 

provisions of the forthcoming regulations 

on energy conservation. Lowenergy 

housing uses ventilation outlets 

with no heat loss. They offer an 

ideal scenario for heat recovery technologies 

in combination with a smallsized 

heat pump. 

We help people to profit from solar energy 

With our all-inclusive photovoltaic offer we can help you set up your own environmentally 

friendly renewable energy production. 

Our offer is designed for a no-headaches 

start-up in the world of photovoltaics. 

It includes individual advisory 

services from our local electrical partner 

company, delivery “free at customer” 

in the Baden-Württemberg 

area, complete with a mounting system 

for sloping or flat roofs, standard 

assembly of unit components and 

warranty. 

The PV unit comes in three different 

output categories and is suitable for 

private households, small businesses 

as well as municipal buildings and 

churches. Its modular structure permits 

it to be extended at any time. 

Since mid 2000 our 160 service partners 

have installed photovoltaic units 

with an overall output of 97 kW. 

Promotion of renewable energy 

is setting standards 

Under the motto “Setting Standards” 

in early 1998 we launched a programme 

for the promotion of renewable 

energies which is scheduled for completion 

by late 2001. Application deadline 

was late 2000. By then we had 

provided funding for the installation of 

1,009 heat pump units, 2, 317 solar 

thermal units and 32 passive houses. 

Total funding for the whole programme 

was to the tune of € 5.9 million. 

Overview of the “Renewable Energies” Promotion Programme 

The sales activities of EnBW are 

tailored to meet the needs of customers 

in a modern competitive market. 

In line with this concept, the company 

will continue to develop and 

market products geared towards 

energy efficiency and the use of renewable 

energy sources in the years 

and decades to come. 

For more information on our solar programme, 

please phone our toll-free 

hotline on 08 00 - 999 98 02. 

Passive houses Heat pumps Solar thermal collectors 

Realised and Total Realised and Total Realised and Total 

funded to present investment funded to present investment funded to present investment 

32 € 0.5 million 1,009 € 3.09 million 2,317 € 2.8 million 

(as at 31st Dec. 2000) 

51


Combating global warming by preventing pollutant emission 

The last piece of scientific evidence might still be lacking to prove beyond doubt that the 

greenhouse effect is the cause of global warming. But it still makes sound sense to take 

precautions and limit emissions of greenhouse gases. The recently published third Scientific 

Report of the UN predicts a rise in temperature of between 1.4 – 5.8 °C by the end of 

the century. 

The Federal Republic of Germany has 

committed itself to reducing the 

emission of greenhouse gases by 

21% compared to the 1990 level by 

2012. 

In 2000, Germany succeeded in recording 

a noticeable drop of 15% in 

CO2 in the atmosphere compared to 

1990. This was largely due to efforts 

of industry (minus 31%) and the energy 

sector (minus 16%). In the same 

period CO2 emission levels from private 

households and traffic grew by 

between 6% and 11%. 

A voluntary commitment to 

climate protection 

Last year within the framework of the 

Climate Agreement of German Industry, 

German energy companies reaffirmed 

the voluntary commitment to 

climate protection they made in 1995. 

As a further supplement to this, we 

are participating in the “Action Programme 

of the Energy Industry for the 

Protection of the Climate”, through 

which the electricity industry will 

make a pledge to the government to 

promote cogeneration concepts and 

other measures for the reduction of 

CO2 emissions with the objective of 

preventing the emission of up to 45 

million tonnes of CO2 by 2012. 

52 

We have played an active and varied 

role in helping to reduce greenhouse 

gas emissions – for instance through 

our use of nuclear and hydroelectric 

power. In 2000 our overall nuclear 

energy production quota was 41.3% 

(own production 55%) and our hydroelectric 

power production quota was 

10.6% (own production 13.9%). 

Making more use of “water 

power” 

We were able to achieve this high 

level of CO2 -free electricity production 

by increasing our purchasing 

quota of hydroelectric power by 30%. 

This represents an equivalent saving 

of around 31.7 million tonnes of CO2. However, the lignite power station in 

Lippendorf in Saxony, in which we 

have a 432 megawatt stake, is now 

operating throughout the year for the 

first time and this has increased our 

overall CO2 emission by around 2 million 

tonnes: a consequence of the 

politically driven investment EnBW 

has made to sustain jobs in east 

Germany. 

At 225 grams per kilowatt hour, the 

CO2 emission factor for our own production 

is still 60% below the mean 

value for Germany. 

We intend to further strengthen our 

commitment to energies from renewable 

sources, to reduce CO2 emission 

levels by more limited use of the old 

units 5 and 6 in Heilbronn and to continue 

to employ sewage sludge as a 

substitute fuel. 

Our non-domestic activities with our 

company holdings and the transfer of 

know-how are in line with the Kyoto 

Protocol provisions for the reduction 

of CO2 emissions. Thus, we are helping 

to improve production efficiency 

at the Matra lignite power plant in 

Hungary whilst our holdings in Czech 

and Polish companies give us leverage 

to promote the expansion of 

district heating systems. In Thailand, 

too, we have acquired holdings in 

companies constructing the technologically 

advanced gas-fired gas-andsteam 

plants. 

Commissioned by the Ministry for the 

Environment in Baden Württemburg 

in conjunction with EnBW, the Fraunhofer 

Institute in Karlsruhe is producing 

a manual on the use of the flexible 

instruments of the Kyoto Protocol. 

Concrete EnBW projects will 

serve to illustrate the issues involved 

in the approval of projects under the 

definitions of the Kyoto Protocol. The 

manual will be published in 2001. 

Environmental protection costs money 

EnBW has spent € 64 million for environmental protection in the energy sector. 

And, despite the pressure of competition, we also increased expenditure on 

environmental protection by 25% in 2000. 

Over the past few years our main investment 

priorities have been for the 

protection of water and promotion of 

clean air. Last year costs in these areas 

amounted to approx. € 5.4 million. 

Avoided CO2 Emissions 

through EnBW electricity generation using 

non-fossil primary energy 

in million tonnes a year 

31.4 31.3 

30 

30.6 

27.5 

28.6 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Nuclear Power 

Hydropower 

Compared with last year, investments 

and operating costs for environmental 

protection facilities have increased by 

25% to € 64 million. This increase in 

outlay is due to the extensive preventive 

maintenance inspections of the 

flue gas cleaning plants and the cooling 

tower at the Heilbronn plant. The 

modernisation of the cooling tower at 

Philippsburg is being continued. 

The “water pfennig”, which contrary 

to the rules of fair competition is only 

levied in this amount in Baden Württemburg 

for the use of ground and 

surface water, cost us around € 18 

million in 2000. 

From overall expenditure on the environment 

3.4% went for disposal and 

treatment, 42% for water protection, 

49% for clean air protection and noise 

abatement, 5.1% for nature conservation, 

0.1% for soil protection and 0.4% 

for environmental management (EMS). 

Environmental protection measures in 

our power plants last year cost over 

€ 60 million and thus accounted fort 

the lion’s share of our environmental 

investment outlay followed by the Regionalgesellschaft 

company with its 

key investment of € 1.9 million for the 

protection of birds. 

Waste T€ 2,175 

Water T€ 26,841 

Air T€ 31,271 

Noise T€ 37 

Nature T€ 3,283 

Soil T€ 75 

EMS T€ 243 

Total T€ 63,925 

T = Thousand 

Outlay for Environmetal Protection 

in thousand € 

Air 

31,271 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

Nature 3,283 

Noise, Soil 

and EMS 355 

Waste 2,175 

Water 

26,841 

53

Coal is a fuel with high carbon 

content, and extensive reserves 

world-wide. A coal-fired power 

station requires about 340 g of 

coal to generate 1 kWh of electricity. 

German coal is three times 

as expensive as imported coal. 

State of the 

Environment 

Report for the 

Business 

Divisions 

A separate state of the environment 

report is issued for our three business 

divisions Energy, Disposal and Industry 

and Services. Obviously the environ- 

mental report for our core business sector 

– energy – is the most comprehensive, 

covering as it does production, transport 

and distribution. The work of the environ- 

mental protection organisation was out- 

lined in section 4. The Disposal division 

covers both non-thermal disposal (U-plus) 

and thermal disposal (with the focus on 

Thermoselect). In the third division only 

Tesion has produced an in-depth report for 

2000. The Salamander Group was under- 

going consolidation during the year.

State of the Environment Report for the Business Divisions 

Business Division Energy 

Energy is the core business of EnBW. The high-profile Electricity division is active in all 

stages of the value added chain – from energy generation, energy transmission and energy 

distribution to energy trading and energy sales. EnBW’s energy operations also 

extend to gas and district heating. 


Electricity generating capacities, power 

plant holdings and electricity supply 

contracts are pooled at EnBW Kraftwerke 

AG. With a power provision of 

over 49 billion. kWh a year, this wholly 

owned EnBW subsidiary is one of the 

major energy producers in Germany. 

The company has 1,661 employees 

and an overall electricity capacity of 

over 10,000 MW, around half of which 

comes from its six own power plants 

with an overall output of over 5,130 

MW. Power generation based on nuclear 

fuel, coal, gas, oil and hydroelectric 

power ensures an efficient and environmentally 

friendly production mix. 

By optimising the efficient use of its 

power plants and through long-term 

purchase and supply agreements, 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG is able to provide 

the EnBW group and its customers 

with electricity and district heating 

at competitive prices. 

56 

EnBW power plant capacity 

Own plants Fuel Output 

Philippsburg nuclear power plant (KKP) Uranium 2,282 MW 

Heilbronn thermal power plant (HLB) Coal 1,130 MW 

Rheinhafen steam power plant, Coal, Gas 1,208 MW 

Karlsruhe (RDK) 

Rudolf-Fettweis-Werk, Forbach (RFW) Water 68 MW 

Illerkraftwerk (IKW) Water 46 MW 

Marbach (MAR) (in cold reserve) Oil 399 MW 

Total 5,133 MW 

Plants, partially owned power stations 

and electricity purchased Fuel Output 

Nuclear power plants (incl. EDF contracts) Uranium 3,674 MW 

Conventional power plants Coal, oil, gas 4,125 MW 

Run-of-the-river and storage Water 3,084 MW 

power plants 

Total 10,883 MW 

Key holdings and purchase contracts Fuel Pro-rata output 

Grosskraftwerk Mannheim (GKM) Coal 526 MW 

Kraftwerk Bexbach (KBV) Coal 476 MW 

Kraftwerk Lippendorf Lignite 432 MW 

Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Neckar (GKN) Uranium 259 MW 

Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) Uranium 214 MW 

Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt Uranium 84 MW 

Purchase contract with EDF Uranium 835 MW 

Schluchseewerke Water 955 MW 

Vorarlberger Illwerke, Zemm-Ziller and 

Sellrain-Silz Water 1,484 MW 

Distribution of Electricity Yield over 

Primary Energy Carriers in million kWh 

Nuclear Power 

27,304 

55.5% 

8.0% 

13.9% 

22.6% 

Procurement 

3,917 

Coal, Oil, 

Gas 

11,110 

Hydroelectric 

6,847 

In comparison to 1999, power turnover 

increased by 7.8% to 46.5 billion. 

kWh. In the financial year 2000, EnBW 

Kraftwerke AG produced and purchased 

from its partner plants 49.2 billion 

kWh – 4.4 billion kWh more than in 

1999. 

With a quota of 55.5%,the nuclear 

power stations remain the biggest 

supplier of electricity to EnBW Kraftwerke 

AG. Fossil fuel power plants 

have an output quota of 22.6% followed 

by run-of-the-river and hydro 

storage plants with 13.9%. The other 

8% comes from purchase contracts 

which cannot be classified by primary 

energy source. With € 55 million, it 

accounted for by far the biggest share 

of environmental protection expenditure 

of EnBW in 2000. 

Improved efficiency through 

harnessing synergies 

EnBW Kraftwerke AG has now come 

a great deal closer to achieving its 

target of becoming a “best practice” 

production company. Following the 

signing of the cooperation agreement 

with Neckarwerke Stuttgart AG, joint 

work is now underway in the areas of 

production management, fuel procurement, 

power plant utilisation and 

energy planning. The objective here is 

to establish a uniform power plant park 

with an energy capacity of around 60 

billion kWh, thus achieving substantial 

cost-saving effects for both parties. 

Avoiding hazardous emissions 

Environmentally friendly electricity 

generation in nuclear and hydroelectric 

plants has produced an equivalent 

saving of hazardous pollutants and 

2000 1999 Change compared 

TWh TWh to previous year 

Power Input 49.2 44.7 + 9% 

Power output 46.5 43.1 + 8% 

Sites of power stations 

CO2 of around 31.3 million tonnes – a 

9% improvement on the previous year. 

Our hard coal power plants are equipped 

with highly efficient, cost-intensive 

flue gas cleaning systems which 

have effected an 80% drop in the 

emission levels of sulphur dioxide, 

nitrogen oxide and dust over the past 

16 years – despite the fact that in the 

same period electricity production has 

increased by 20%. 

57


Emission development from EnBW’s own production 

in t/a, thous. t/a und GWh el /a 

0 

Specific emission values for 1999 and 2000 

based on the EnBW energy mix for own production compared to the 

German national average (VDEW 2000): 

10,000 

8,000 

6,000 

4,000 

2,000 

The above table shows the specific 

emission levels for 2000 for the production 

of one (net) kilowatt hour of 

electricity. The figures are based on 

our energy mix and do not take account 

of power purchases which can- 

58 

CO 2 (thous. t/a) SO 2 (t/a) NO x (t/a) Dust (t/a) CO (t/a) KWG Fossil Fuel 

(GWh el /a) 

1997 

1998 1999 2000 

1997 1998 1999 2000 VDEW 2000 

CO 2 g/kWh 182 225 188 225 580 

SO 2 mg/kWh 105 127 132 200 280 

NO x mg/kWh 97 118 112 153 370 

Dust mg/kWh 5 7 5 4 20 

CO mg/kWh 7 10 10 15 – 

not be classified by primary energy 

source. The high quota of emissionfree 

power production last year of 

around 70% based on nuclear and 

hydropower has had a corresponding 

impact in reducing overall emission 

levels, which are significantly under 

the national average values. 

The lignite power plant at Lippendorf 

which has now embarked for the first 

time on all year round power generation 

has had a markedly adverse 

effect on the specific emission values 

from “own production”. 

More detailed information may be 

found in the environmental statements. 

Reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions 

over the past sixteen years and details 

of further environmental impacts 

can be found in the Environmental 

Statement and under Facts and 

Figures. 

Waste disposal in nuclear power 

plants 

The exhausted fuel elements of a 

nuclear power plant are stored and 

cooled in special fuel element storage 

tanks to allow the radioactivity to sink 

below a certain level. All nuclear 

power plants can store used fuel elements 

for a period of several years. 

When the radioactivity has sufficiently 

subsided, the fuel elements are 

packed in special leak-proof transport 

containers and sent to the nuclear 

waste reprocessing plant of the 

French company COGEMA in Cap de 

la Hague or to the British BNFL treatment 

plant in Sellafield. Or they may 

be placed in intermediate storage as a 

prelude to their final disposal. 

Significant reduction in the number 

of nuclear waste transports 

Since 1995 intermediate storage followed 

directly by final storage has 

taken on parity with nuclear waste 

reprocessing as a valid means of disposal. 

There are intermediate storage 

depots at Gorleben and Ahaus where 

radioactive fuel elements may be kept 

in transport and storage containers 

(such as the Castor type). Last year 

the federal government and the energy 

supply companies agreed to reduce 

the number of nuclear waste 

transports, opting instead to build intermediate 

storage depots at the nuclear 

power stations sites. 

Reprocessing nuclear fuel elements 

During reprocessing the fuel elements 

are ground by machine and unused 

uranium and the plutonium by-product 

are separated from the radioactive 

waste material. Recycled uranium and 

plutonium can be further processed 

into new fuel elements. Non-recyclable 

fission products are sealed in 

glass castings. The agreement with 

the federal government stipulates 

that from 2005 onwards the disposal 

of used fuel elements will be limited 

to direct final storage. 

Storing radioactive waste 

The overriding objective of the final 

storage of radioactive waste is to ensure 

that both people and the environment 

are reliably protected from possible 

harm from the ionising radiation 

emitted by the radionuclides contained 

in the waste. 

Storage in stable geological beds deep 

underground is the safest method of 

final storage for radioactive waste 

material. Previous studies have evidenced 

that rock salt deposits offer a 

favourable geological formation. Last 

year the Federal Ministry for the Environment 

imposed a three to ten 

year moratorium on studies of rock 

salt formations in Gorleben. During 

this period attention will be directed 

to the search for viable alternatives, 

including other geological formations 

in Germany. 

Storage containers and storage 

halls designed for safety in case of 

accident 

Ahaus and Gorleben already have 

central intermediate storage facilities 

for the storage of Castor containers 

with used fuel elements or glass 

castings from the nuclear reprocessing 

plants in La Hague and Sellafield. 

They are solid depot halls with walls 

and ceilings of thick concrete, resistant 

to earthquakes and heavy loads 

of snow. The locations are not in flood 

areas and are protected against fire or 

even a direct aeroplane crash. 

The intermediate storage facilities 

planned for the nuclear power plants 

follow a similar model. In December 

1999 we applied for permits for an 

intermediate storage facility and an 

interim facility for our Philippsburg 

nuclear power plant. The interim facility 

is to serve as a temporary solution 

until the intermediate facility is ready 

for storage. The Obrigheim nuclear 

power plant, in which we have a majority 

67% holding, already uses an 

intermediate storage facility in the 

form of a so-called wet-storage depot. 

Used fuel elements are stored there 

in a huge water-filled pool which 

shields from radioactive emissions. 

59


On the 10th April 2001 – and for the 

first time since May 1998 – three containers 

with used fuel elements were 

transported from the Philippsburg plant 

to the nuclear reprocessing plant in 

La Hague. Thus the restarting of unit 

1 of the plant is now ensured after 

the maintenance inspection in May. 

EnBW Gas GmbH 

EnBW Gas GmbH is a wholly owned 

subsidiary of EnBW AG and in its 

capacity as a holding company is responsible 

for all the natural gas activities 

of EnBW AG. 

Key Figures 

60 

1999 2000 

Employees 82 78 

Sales (€ million) 82 105 

Deliveries (b. kWh) 4.1 4.2 

Customers 43,253 46,544 

New customers 3,291 

Length of 

conduit network 4,574 km 

No. of local 

control stations 247 

Supplied volume showed a further 

positive development during 2000, 

increasing by around 2.4% to 4.2 billion 

kWh. This relatively modest increase 

in deliveries – despite 3,291 

new private and corporate customers 

– is due to mild weather conditions. 

EnBW Gas GmbH has holdings in 

three companies in different districts 

in Baden-Württemberg: Badenwerk 

Gas GmbH, EVS Gasversorgung Süd 

GmbH and EVS Gasversorgung Nord 

GmbH. 

The environmental budget amounted 

to € 353,790 of which € 255,650 

alone was invested in the construction 

of filling stations for natural gas. 

In 1998 Badenwerk Gas GmbH pioneered 

the eco-audit in the gas sector. 

When certification was awarded 

in 1999 Badenwerk Gas GmbH introduced 

an environmental management 

system for the central office as well 

as regional branches in Eppingen, 

Ettlingen, Forst and Söllingen. The 

system’s objective was to reduce the 

emissions of CO2 in the area served 

by the company by 110,000 tonnes 

by 2003. For the higher the number 

of end users who switch to natural 

gas, the bigger the drop in CO2 emission 

levels will be. 

CO2 emissions from natural gas are 

up to 30% less than those of heating 

oil whilst emission levels of nitrogen 

oxides, carbon monoxide and nonmethane 

hydrocarbons are around 

20% lower. Soot emission is more 

than 90% lower and sulphur dioxide 

emission is as good as eliminated. 

Last year, in accordance with the 

guidelines of the eco audit, we made 

a decisive contribution to the improvement 

of regional infrastructure by 

constructing and operating two natural 

gas stations in the area served by the 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH. 

Increased acceptance for 

natural gas 

The steadily rising acceptance levels 

for natural gas among the general 

population and the expansion of our 

customer base has necessitated 

enlargements to the present natural 

gas storage capacities of Badenwerk 

Gas GmbH. It is fully in keeping with 

the environmental commitment of 

Badenwerk Gas GmbH that it should 

discard plans for a conventional above 

ground storage depot – which among 

other drawbacks also consumes an 

inordinate amount of raw material 

resources – and opt for technology 

with relatively low material use and 

minimum environmental impact. After 

minor technical conversions, the company 

increased the pressure in the 

integrated high-pressure line network 

between Dürrn and Kirchardt from 16 

to 25 bar to achieve the required additional 

storage capacity. 

Within the framework of the “Natural 

Gas for Transport” promotion programme 

we also offered one year of 

free tanking for 40 private customers 

who run natural gas-fuelled cars. 


With a staff of around 2,400, EnBW 

Regional AG is one of our Group’s largest 

operating companies. It both 

owns and operates the EnBW distribution 

network in the high-, mediumand 

low-voltage category. This network 

has an overall length of around 

80,000 kilometres, represents the 

latest in technological development 

and is cabled to the tune of over 50% 

in the medium- and low-voltage categories. 

Apart from operating its own network, 

EnBW Regional AG is responsible 

for the construction, maintenance 

and upgrading of the Group’s extrahigh 

voltage network (220/380 kV). 

It also manages EnBW’s extended 

communications network comprising 

more than 6,000 kilometres of copper 

and fibre optic cable, the internal telecommunications 

network (intranet) 

and the data network and TV cable 

facilities. 


EnBW Regional AG (REG) and EnBW 

Ostwürttemberg DonauRies AG (ODR) 

No. of substations 

110/20 kV: 246 

No. of transformer stations 

20/0.4 kV 30,324 

Employees 

combined total of ODR and 

REG (as at 31st Dec. 2000) 2,883 


EnBW Regional AG (REG) and EnBW Ostwürttemberg DonauRies AG (ODR) 

110 kV 20 kV 0.4 kV 

Line lengths km 6,197 27,526 57,593 

Incl. buried cable km 39 14,161 38,186 

Regional Centres and Holdings of EnBW Regional AG 

Holdings of 


61


Map of extrahigh voltage network 

EDF 

EDF 

62 

380 kV lines 

220 kV lines 

Eichstetten 

Wehr 

Weier 

GKM Mannheim 

EnBW or 

jointly owned 

lines 

Neurott 

Altlußheim 

Philippsburg 

Third-party 

lines 

Switch stations 

borders 

Hüffenhardt 

Daxlanden Karlsruhe 

RWE Krh-Ost 

Oberwald Pulverdingen 

Neckarwestheim 

Marbach 

Birkenfeld 

Kuppenheim Weilimdorf 

Hoheneck 

Mühlhausen 

See- Endersbach 

wiesen 

Bühl 

Möhringen 

Altbach 

Bünzwangen 

Oberjettingen Wendlingen 

Gurtweil 

Villingen 

Tiengen 

Kühmoos 

Schwörstadt EGL 

Säckingen 

ATEL/NOK 

Weinheim 

Heidelberg 

Wiesloch 

Trossingen 

Beuren 

Engstlatt 

Obrigheim 

Heilbronn 

Großgartach 

Stockach 

Höpfingen 

Laichingen 

Dellmensingen 

Herbertingen 

Grünkraut 

Kupferzell 

Bürs 

Meiningen 

E.ON 

Niederstotzingen 

Obermooweiler 

VIW/ÖVG 

Goldshöfe 

RWE 

Rotensohl 

APG 

Outlay of millions for environmental 

protection and nature conservation 

Protection of nature and the environment 

is one of the top priorities in the 

power distribution activities of the 

company. In 2000 the company spent 

more than € 3.6 million for environmental 

protection measures. Two 

thirds of the money goes to nature 

conservation and landscape protection. 

The environmental awareness of the 

workforce is systematically enhanced 

through training courses whilst ecologically 

relevant activities are continually 

monitored and improved 

through an environmental management 

system. 

When building and operating cable 

systems, the company takes particular 

care to minimise negative environmental 

impact. The company already 

has a tradition of ecological concern, 

opting – whenever economically feasible 

– for buried rather than overhead 

cable lines. In overhead cable areas 

great pains are taken to blend in the 

pylons with the contours of the natural 

landscape, and major efforts are also 

made in the area of corrosion protection. 

Protecting bird life 

Particular importance is attached to 

the protection of birds. Medium voltage 

pylons are equipped with protective 

hoods and perches to make them 

safe for birds. Special deterrents discourage 

migratory birds from making 

dangerous landings. Around 6,000 

pylons a year are equipped in this 

“bird-friendly” way. New pylons come 

with bird protection measures already 

in place. 

As our environmental standards become 

ever higher, dry transformers 

use biodegradable ester as an insulat- 

Facts and Figures EnBW Transportnetze AG 

ing and cooling agent. Oil catchpans 

under the transformers prevent contamination 

of the groundwater. 

EnBW Transportnetze AG 

EnBW Transportnetze AG manages 

the extra-high voltage network of the 

former interconnection companies 

Badenwerk AG and Energie-Versorgung 

Schwaben AG. This network is 

integrated in the German and European 

interconnection network and 

serves to promote the bulk transmission 

of electricity. The company ensures 

reliable network operation and 

is responsible both for the system 

itself and the corresponding system 

services. 

Ecologically friendly cable line 

routing 

EnBW Transportnetze AG puts environmental 

protection at the top of 

its agenda. Cable route planning takes 

full account of ecological and landscape 

concerns. Woodland areas are 

bypassed wherever possible or traversed 

with extra-high pylons while 

line routing through exposed areas is 

220 kV 380 kV total 

Line length km 660 1,148 1,808 

Circuit length km 1,701 1,787 3,488 

Switch stations No. 25 20 45 

Interconnection points to 

German and foreign transmission 

network operators No. 14 16 30 


EnBW Transportnetze AG 

380-/220-kV 8 units with 

coupling overall power 

transformers rating of 

5,720 MVA 

Employees 68 

generally avoided. 

A new concept for route maintenance 

is even better attuned to ecological 

concerns. For corrosion protection of 

the steel meshed pylons, we employ 

paint with a reduced solvent base and 

follow environmental stipulations to 

the letter. 

It is also a matter of course for us to 

ensure that our transformers and 

overhead lines are in strict compliance 

with the ordinances and regulations 

concerning threshold values for noise 

and electromagnetic fields. 

63


Business Division Disposal Services 

EnBW provides services through its subsidiaries in the areas of waste disposal, waste 

recycling and thermal waste treatment. Most of these companies are already wellestablished 

in the market and are superbly equipped to face the challenges of the future. 

U-plus Umweltservice AG 

As a holding company, U-plus Umweltservice 

AG pools the disposal 

services expertise of the EnBW 

Group. It is Baden Württemburg’s 

premier company for industrial waste 

disposal. In 2000 company turnover 

increased by around 10% to € 253 

million. 

The U-plus Group has a decentralised 

structure with the role of the holding 

company focussed on strategic market 

positioning and management, 

quality control and centralised services 

for the EnBW Group. 

With more than 40 operating holding 

companies and a total staff of some 

1,700 employees, companies in the 

U-plus Group cover the whole spectrum 

of services in the disposal sec- 

64 

tor from disposal logistics and the 

company’s own intermediate storage 

facility for waste requiring special 

attention and supervision to a wide 

range of pre-treatment, sorting and 

recycling facilities and proper and final 

disposal. Business divisions include 

disposal logistics, recycling and waste 

disposal. U-plus’s increasing interest 

in technologically oriented special 

areas is adding a new page to its service 

portfolio whilst also proving a fertile 

ground for new stimuli. 

Disposal logistics 

Regional disposal companies are represented 

in every district of Baden- 

Württemberg. Their high-performance 

logistics and container systems ensure 

the collection and transport of 

individual waste materials. They also 

offer container services and operate 

their own plants in which construction 

and industrial waste can be sorted – 

as well as the “green dot” packaging 

waste collected from households via 

the “Dual System” refuse management 

scheme. 

As “all-in-one disposal experts”, 

these companies are problem-solvers 

and advice-givers for their municipal 

and commercial customers, who can 

contact them in connection with all 

waste-related questions. 

Environmentally friendly recycling 

in the company’s own plant 

U-plus operates its own recycling 

plant for the treatment and reprocessing 

of electrical and electronic scrap, 

metal, motor vehicles, timber, plastics, 

construction waste, biological 

waste and sewage sludge. 

Our objective is to pretreat the specific 

forms of waste so that environmentally 

hazardous components can 

be safely removed from the material 

cycle and the highest possible quota 

be delivered for recycling or as raw 

material for new products. 

Environmentally friendly 

waste disposal 

The third business division provides 

services for the local authorities, 

especially in the area of building and 

operating waste disposal units. As 

new government regulations on residential 

waste stipulate that from 

2005 onwards untreated waste may 

no longer be stored, these new disposal 

units make a vital contribution 

to environmental safety and proper 

disposal. U-plus’s ISKA technology is a 

pioneering technology for mechanicalbiological 

waste disposal. In addition, 

the company also has a stake, via its 

subsidiary T-plus, in the creation of 

thermal waste treatment units. 

At present, the U-plus Group operates 

55 recycling and waste treatment 

plants with an annual capacity of more 

than 2 million tonnes. In this way it is 

making its own important contribution 

to a highly functional waste disposal 

infrastructure. 

Environmental management as a 

guiding principle 

As we subscribe to a decentralised 

management principle, all the operative 

holding companies in our Group 

are directly responsible for the environmental 

organisation of their own 

company and for seeing that it acts in 

compliance with all relevant environ- 

Plant Capacities of the U-Plus Group 

totalling around 2,3 million t/a 

Plastic Recycling 

E-scrap Processing 

File Shredding 

Composting 

Metal Recycling 

Sewage Sludge Treatment 

Wood Processing 

Bark and Soil Processing 

Construction Debris Recycling 

Paper Sorting 

Reusable Material Sorting 

Reloading Stations * 

* road-rail-waterway 

mental guidelines and regulations. For 

the companies of the U-plus Group a 

commitment to the environment is 

one of the cornerstones of all their 

business activities. They are careful to 

act only within the framework of the 

laws and ordinances governing the 

waste disposal sector and to thus 

create the essential conditions for a 

closed-loop economy with the goals 

of avoiding waste wherever possible, 

recycling it rationally or disposing of it 

in an ecologically friendly manner. 

In the respective companies, the 

management executives with special 

responsibility for the environment are 

appointed in conformity with the legal 

guidelines and registered with the 

appropriate authorities. The areas of 

responsibility assigned for environmental 

protection are clearly demarcated 

both in the quality management 

system and the management system 

for specialised waste disposal companies. 

10,000 t/a 

20,000 t/a 

35,000 t/a 

60,000 t/a 

100,000 t/a 

180,000 t/a 

200,000 t/a 

210,000 t/a 

300,000 t/a 

310,000 t/a 

450,000 t/a 

480,000 t/a 

Companies have defined the procedures 

and information channels to 

be observed in case of a incident in 

the internal guidelines of the quality 

management system. Contingency 

plans for an environmentally relevant 

accident, such as a fire or during the 

storage or transport of dangerous 

substances, are drawn up in conjunction 

with the local authorities. In the 

event of a major incident the holding 

company is informed immediately. 

65


Input/Output U-plus 

Energy Input Unit 

Electricity 17,180 MWh 

Heating oil 888,374 l 

Natural gas 114,168,000 m 3 

Diesel 10,267,640 l 

Water Input 

Own sources 17,000 m 3 

Third-party sources 38,000 m 3 

Output 

Carbon dioxide 

emissions 244,643 t 

Water 

Evaporation 7,000 m 3 

Waste water 48,000 m 3 

66 

The companies in the U-plus Group 

have put in place a quality management 

system conforming to DIN EN 

ISO 9001 or ISO 9002. They are 

monitored on an annual basis by an 

independent certification company. 

This is in addition to their being certificated 

as companies offering specialist 

waste disposal services. The sorting, 

treatment and recycling facilities are 

operated in conformity with legal 

stipulations and with all the necessary 

authorisations and permits. 

Avoiding waste means alleviating 

environmental stress. 

The major negative environmental 

impact in this context stems from 

exhaust emissions during the transport 

of waste and the use of energy 

in operating the disposal facility. The 

disposal logistics companies of the 

U-Plus Group – in particular the company 

truck fleet – consumes an 

annual quantity of around 10 million 

litres of diesel fuel. The responsible 

employees try to minimise environmental 

impact by careful planning of 

transport and avoiding empty runs. 

With regard to plant technology, the 

Group is pursuing environmental 

goals by up-grading the sorting and 

recycling plants with advanced energy-saving 

units. A new technology 

for the recycling of refrigerators is 

presented in the EnBW Innovation 

Report. The recyclable materials plant 

is consistently upgraded with the 

latest technology. With the installation 

of new nearly fully automated separating 

units which ensure a high degree 

of purity of the graded recyclable 

material, the companies have made a 

significant contribution to resource 

conservation. 

Consulting and Communication 

The provision of wide-ranging consulting 

services to the customer by the 

companies of the U-plus Group plays 

a role in ensuring that waste to be 

collected is pre-sorted into specific 

categories. This in turn ensures an 

enhanced recycling quota. Customer 

advisory services also serve to ensure 

full compliance with legal regulations 

during the collection, storage and 

transport of waste. 

Through plant inspections, particularly 

for school classes, associations and 

representatives of political institutions 

as well as with their “open days”, the 

companies of the U-Plus Group inform 

the public at large about the 

issues involved in the waste disposal 

sector and thus heighten their awareness 

for environmental concerns. 

These activities are supplemented by 

press conferences, lectures and an 

ongoing dialogue with political decisionmakers. 

Moreover, the companies are 

also active players in the working 

groups of chambers and associations, 

in a wide variety of industrial bodies 

and in the Federal Association of the 

German Waste Disposal Industry 

(BVDEW). 

Thermoselect technology for high 

temperature recycling 

Through its subsidiary, Thermoselect 

Südwest, EnBW is involved in “thermal 

waste treatment” with the new and 

environmentally friendly Thermoselect 

process. This system converts residual 

waste in a continuous high-temperature 

recycling process into useful 

products for industry. 

The waste is compressed, degasified, 

gasified and melted down in a processing 

unit. The resulting synthetic gas is 

then available as an energy source for 

power generation, heat recovery or 

methanol synthesis. The end products 

include mineral granulate for use as a 

construction material and an alloy. 

Even the concentrated products from 

the process water purification phase 

are generally recyclable. 

The Karlsruhe plant on the way to 

continuous operation 

Since 1999 the first Thermoselect facility 

nationwide has been in the process 

of starting operations in Karlsruhe. 

It was constructed by the industrial 

building contractor, Thermoselect 

S.A., together with the future operator, 

Thermoselect Südwest. It has 

been necessary to implement new 

insights and refinements in the first 

large-scale application of this trend-setting 

technology, and this has led to a 

delay in the start of normal operations. 

When continuous operations commence, 

the Thermoselect plant should 

dispose of 255,000 tons of residual 

waste for nearly one million people in 

the city and rural districts of Karlsruhe, 

the rural district of Rastatt, and 

the municipal district of Baden-Baden 

in an environmentally sound manner. 

Measurements by responsible authorities 

already indicated early in 2000 

that this pioneering facility not only 

complies with the strict legal limits 

but is often well within the even 

more stringent approval limits. 

67


With the authorised conversion to a 

new combustion chamber concept in 

February 2001, proof of compliance 

with the highly ambitious approval 

limits during operational disturbances 

will also be furnished. In addition, the 

previously open combustion chamber 

has been replaced by a closed system 

with post-activated cleaning stages. 

The final hurdle to official certification 

after restarting operation will be repeat 

emission verification for all operating 

conditions. 

68 

Average emission concentration values 

for the period from March 20, 2000 up to (and including) April 21, 2000 compared to 

the legal and the approved limits 

Continuous measurements 

Dust mg/m 3 

Hydrogen chloride mg/m 3 

Carbon monoxide mg/m 3 

Sulphur dioxide mg/m 3 

Hydrogen fluoride mg/m 3 

Nitrogen oxides mg/m 3 

Total C mg/m 3 

Mercury mg/m 3 

Unit Legal Approved Measured Measured 

limit acc. limit emissions emissions 

to. Sec. in mg/m 3 

as % of 

17 BImSchV legal limit 

10 3 0,64 6,4 

10 2 0,22 2,2 

50 10 2,95 5,9 

50 10 0,16 0,3 

1 0,2 0,003 0,3 

200 70 21,78 10,9 

10 2 1,71 17,1 

0,03 0,01 0,0018 6,0 

Individual measurements on March 17/20/21/22/24/29, 2000 

Cadmium/Thallium mg/m 3 

Heavy metals mg/m 3 

Dioxins/Furans ng TE/m 3 

Ammonia mg/m 3 

0,05 0,01 0,001 2,0 

0,5 0,03 0,013 2,6 

0,1 0,01 0,0057 5,7 

– 5 0,12 – 

Industry and Services business unit 

In addition to the two core business areas of energy and disposal, we offer products and 

services through our operative subsidiaries in the segment of industry and services to 

satisfy the demands of our internal and external customers. 

While EnBW Service GmbH, as service 

provider for centralised enterprise 

functions, attends to primarily internal 

customers, other companies successfully 

cover the segments of measurement 

and metering systems, telecommunications, 

venture capital and 

facility management. 

With the acquisition of Salamander 

AG in the fiscal year 2000, we have 

further strengthened our expertise in 

the area of industrial services. 

tesion Communikationsnetze 

Südwest GmbH & Co. KG 

In 1997, tesion was set up as a successor 

to CNS (founded in 1994). The 

wholly owned subsidiary of EnBW AG 

offers services in languages, data and 

the Internet. Cooperation with e-plus 

and debitel rounds off the portfolio in 

the area of cellular communication 

services. The range of services offered 

is aimed at business and private 

customers as well as other carriers. 

Approximately 400 employees serve 

more than 85,000 customers. 

The company’s own nationwide telecommunications 

network is based on 

the most modern switching technology. 

Over 8,000 kilometres in length, 

this network is presently the fourthlargest 

network in Germany; 3,600 

kilometres have been laid in tesion’s 

home state of Baden-Württemburg 

alone. 

‘Environmental Measures’ 2000 

– Summary: 

• Official certification of all company 

operations as per ISO 14001 and 

ISO 9001 with zero deviations or 

exceptions. 

• Clear undercutting of all threshold 

values in the area of electromagnetic 

emissions in the communication 

sector. 

• Favoured procurement and application 

of environmentally friendly 

products (office materials, refillable 

toner cassettes). 

• Multiple deployment of equipment 

via leasing agreements. 

• Increased use of recycled paper. 

• Reorientation towards improving 

workforce health, i.e. providing fruit 

juices, etc. 

• Instruction of staff members in environmentally 

friendly driving habits 

(e.g. ADAC’s fuel-saving course). 

• Promotion of public transport through 

reduced-tariff yearly season tickets. 

• In-house waste management concepts: 

volume reduction, separation, 

recycling, planned establishment of 

a cross-company waste collection 

centre. 

• Use of chlorine-free bleached paper 

in all print media advertising. 

• Ecological staff training initiatives, 

“waste management concept” and 

“environmental tips” checklists. 

• Application of thermal heating 

systems. 

• Use of the environmentally friendly 

cooling agent R 134. 

69



Head office Stuttgart + Kornwestheim branch office 

Other office locations Frankfurt a.M., Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, 

Ravensburg, Ulm 

Shareholders 100% EnBW AG 

Workforce 400 

Licence categories 3 and 4 

Licence areas Licence category 3: Baden-Württemberg and a 

further 23 cities throughout Germany. 24 additional 

long distance lines. Licence category 4: Federal 

Republic of Germany 

Product portfolio Voice, data and carrier services, Internet, 

mobile communications 

Customer base 85,000 registered customers plus 

120,000 unregistered call by call users 

Connection volumes 

in minutes Approx. 4.5 million per day 

Sales in 2000 € 67 million 

Break-even 2003 

Investment in 2000 € 102 million 

Infrastructure Over 8,000 km of fibre optic network in Germany 

(of which 3,600 km are in Baden-Württemberg) 

A decision was taken in 1997 to establish 

an integrated networked management 

system aimed at officially 

certifying quality, environmental and 

safety management procedures in 

compliance with ISO 14001 and ISO 

9001. This goal was attained in 1999 

in all of the company’s fields of operation. 

The annual supervisory audit 

was also mastered without setbacks, 

thus serving to illustrate tesion’s role 

as a major player in the telecommunications 

sector. 

70 

The Environment as a 

Management Tool 

With the establishment of its environmental 

management system, tesion 

has recognised its responsibility for 

protecting the environment. By their 

very nature, telecommunications systems 

are ecologically friendly; they 

frequently replace physical transport 

routes and require very few basic 

resources. tesion’s commitment exceeds 

by far all legal and industryrelevant 

norms. 

In a similar vein, with the establishment 

of its forward-looking environmental 

policy, the company manage- 

ment is not only committed to the 

legal stipulations on environmental 

protection but also to the ongoing improvement 

and development of company 

strategy in this area. In-house 

training and auditing is of the utmost 

importance and is reflected in the 

company objective of reviewing its 

ecological commitment on an annual 

basis. The ecological objectives of the 

company have been documented in 

the ‘Balanced Score Card’ management 

tool. 

Specific Goals 

Hands-on company objectives include 

the reduction of energy consumption, 

which can be advanced by introducing 

energy-saving computers, printers 

and other electronic office hardware. 

Employees are made aware of the 

great importance of reducing energy 

consumption on special “Energy 

Saving Days”. 

Regular training initiatives in economical 

(and, therefore, environmentally 

friendly) driving habits contribute to 

reducing the amount of fuel consumed 

by both the company’s fleet and 

employees’ own private vehicles. 

These fuel-saving courses are held in 

cooperation with the ADAC motoring 

organisation. However, tesion also 

offers employees discounts on the 

Stuttgart public transport system and 

pays for special German rail discount 

passes. The company also times its 

meetings to suit public transport timetables, 

thus contributing to the promotion 

of local and long-distance 

public transport operators. Video con- 

ferencing is a further constructive 

way of cutting down on individual 

journeys. 

Salamander AG 

Salamander AG has its main office in 

Kornwestheim and is following a 

strategy of profitable growth in its 

four main business divisions: service, 

high-quality brand name footwear, 

footwear retailing, and manufacturing. 

EnBW currently holds a 94.98% stake 

in Salamander. 

Through internal growth and an acquisition 

in the service sector, turnover 

at Salamander increased in 2000 

by approximately 44% to € 1,158 million. 

At the same time, company results 

showed an improvement over 

the previous year, i.e. €47.1 million 

compared to € 35.6 million. 

Salamander employed 15,010 people 

as at the end of last year, i.e. an increase 

of 3,300 over the previous year. 

Turnover in the service division, one 

of the strongest motors for growth at 

Salamander for a number of years 

now, has more than doubled as a result 

of the takeover of 98.5% of the 

shares in APCOA Parking AG, a company 

based in Leinfelden-Echterdingen. 

APCOA is Europe’s biggest carpark 

operator and is responsible for 

530,000 parking spaces at airports, 

trade fair centres, department stores, 

hotels and clinics in 1,200 locations. 

The industrial division is active on 

three fronts in a highly competitive 

market environment: synthetic materials, 

leather fibres and adhesives. Due 

to the fact that company consolidation 

was effected in the course of the year 

2000, the following data only apply to 

Salamander’s ecological policy in 

general (excerpt from Salamander 

AG’s annual report). 

Environmental protection obliges 

stakeholders to avoid energy wasting, 

to deploy increased levels of environmentally 

friendly raw materials, to recycle 

waste and to treat waste residues 

in an ecologically sustainable 

manner throughout the company. Environmental 

protection is one of 

Salamander’s top priorities. 

As a consequence of this strategy, 

any materials used in the production 

of footwear are pre-examined by 

recognised authorities to identify any 

detrimental effects on the environment 

and public heath. 

With its innovative machine and plant 

cleaning procedures, Salamander’s 

service division has been contributing 

to environmental protection for a 

number of years. The firm DIW Instandhaltung, 

as part of this division, 

successfully underwent an ecological 

audit in the last financial year as stipulated 

by ISO 14001. All audits were 

successfully completed by December 

2000 and official certification was 

issued in April 2001. Moreover, a 

number of high-profile clients included 

the activities of DIW Deutsche 

Industriewartung AG in their ecological 

audits and evaluated the company 

positively. 

Salamander’s industrial division has 

further optimised the treatment of 

leather fibre filtrates by investing in a 

new press and drying facility. This 

allows for a reduction of 30% in the 

humidity of the waste material produced, 

thus providing for a much 

more efficient set of transport and 

environmentally friendly waste treatment 

criteria. 

Company operations in the synthetic 

materials sector permit the reintegration 

into the production process of 

material residues for the production 

and replacement of windows. 

Salamander’s industrial technology 

department has developed a special 

type of co-extrusion procedure for 

this purpose which allows for the recycling 

of all types of synthetics (including 

PVC) in technical product 

manufacturing. The amount of reprocessed 

materials exceeded 2,300 

tonnes last year. 

71

Heating oil has generally been 

displaced from electricity generation, 

on account of its high costs. 

Its use in our power stations is 

virtually restricted to starting-up. 

Ecological 

Review – 

Facts and 

Details 

The ecological review comprises 

input and output data in the energy 

sector for the past two years and 

includes information from the indus- 

trial and service divisions (exception: 

Salamander) in their capacity as pri- 

mary operators for the entire group 

within that sector. The input/output in 

the waste treatment division can be 

seen in the chart on page 64.

Ecological Review – Facts and Details 

Absolute environmental Benchmarks 

INPUT: Output 

Raw Materials 

Nuclear Fuel 1 

Hard Coal 1 

Lignite 1 

Fuel Oil 1 

Natural Gas 1 

Sewage Sludge 1 

Input Materials 


t Uranium 57.3 59.5 

t coal eq. 3,348,724 2,715,910 

t coal eq. 892,203 

t coal eq. 19,569 23,562 

t coal eq. 103,744 23,218 

t coal eq. 3,193 2,123 

Limestone (incl. powdered white lime) t 48,026 38,933 

Ammonia t 4,613 4,142 

Calcium Hydrate t 1,076 342 

Hydrochloric Acid t 1,102 1,223 

Hydrazine t 20 20 

Sulphuric Acid t 20 20 

Sodium Hydroxide t 458 570 

Flocculation agent (ferric trichloride) t 499 348 

Odour agent THT t 3 4 

Transportation 

Energy 

Water 

Diesel l 1,814,445 

Super l 2,937,139 

Petrol l 1,941,050 

Internal requirement, pump electricity GWh 3,329 2,681 

Internal requirement, electricity MWh 502 

Internal requirement, gas MWh 183 

River water mill. m 3 

Ground water mill. m 3 

Drinking-water mill. m 3 

Companies included: 

KWG (generation in company-owned power 

stations), TNG, REG, ODR, GAS 

2,306.14 1,790.42 

3.01 3.27 

0.09 0.07 

Products 


Electricity GWh 44,747 45,261 

Heat, district heat GWh 1,700 1,771 

Gas GWh 4,100 4,200 

Secondary raw materials 

Water 

Ash, granulate t 205,977 155,334 

Boiler sand t 15,612 14,479 

Gypsum t 76,732 61,495 

Residual lime t 4,764 3,554 

Coolant water intake mill. m 3 

Evaporation water mill. m 3 

Direct intake mill. m 3 

Waste water mill. m 3 

Emissions 2 

Traffic 

Waste 

Carbon dioxide 1 

Sulphur dioxide 1 

Nitrogen dioxide 1 

Dust 1 

Carbon monoxide 1 

Carbon dioxide from traffic 3 

2,264.10 1,749.99 

44.57 41.25 

0.57 0.43 

0.23 0.24 

t 8,010,910 10,194,199 

t 5,620 9,034 

t 4,746 6,924 

t 215 194 

t 435 663 

t 16,089 

Total waste and scrap t 10,090 19,257 

of which recycled t 6,405 10,957 

of which tipped t 3,685 8,299 

Recycling rate % 63,48 56,90 

Activity emission into the air 

Inert gases Bq 1.80E+04 2.67E+12 

Iodine Bq 1.32E+12 1.01E+07 

Aerosols Bq 1.70E+07 8.02E+06 

Activity emission into water 

Fission products Bq 4.90E+08 4.00E+08 

Tritium Bq 1.30E+13 6.60E+13 

Comments: 

1 

including contract power stations and those with 

long-term supply contracts, but not including 

short-term supply arrangements under which the 

primary energy source is not known 

2 GAS included for the first time in 2000 

3 coal eq.:= coal equivalent = 8.14 kWh/kg 

74 75

Ecological Review – Facts and Details 

Specific environmental Benchmarks: 

Emission factors for power generation 

Input Output 

Unit 2000 

Uranium mg/kWh 1.2 

Coal g/kWh 76.378 

Heating oil g/kWh 0.663 

Natural gas g/kWh 0.653 

Sewage sludge g/kWh 0.099 

River water l/kWh 61.095 

Ground water l/kWh 0.144 

Drinking water l/kWh 0.003 

Limestone (incl. lime and 

powdered white lime) g/kWh 1.824 

Ammonia g/kWh 0.186 

White hydrate of chalk g/kWh 0.016 

Nitric acid g/kWh 0.048 

Hydrazine g/kWh 0.001 

Sulphuric acid g/kWh 0.001 

Soda lye g/kWh 0.022 

Flocculation agent (ferrous trichloride) g/kWh 0.016 

Specific emissions for power generation 


Carbon dioxide g/kWh 188 225 

Sulphur dioxide mg/kWh 132 200 

Nitrogen dioxide mg/kWh 112 155 

Dust mg/kWh 5 5 

Carbon monoxide mg/kWh 10 15 

Secondary raw materials 

Ash, granulate g/kWh 7.277 

Boiler sand g/kWh 0.678 

Gypsum g/kWh 2.881 

Residual lime g/kWh 0.166 

Emission- 2000 emissions for 

factors own requirements 

CO 2 201 g/kWh 37 t 

SO 2 2 mg/kWh 0 kg 

NO x 217 mg/kWh 40 kg 

CO 227 mg/kWh 41 kg 

Dust 0 mg/kWh 0 kg 

CH 4 7 mg/kWh 1 kg 

NMVOC 7 mg/kWh 1 kg 

Commentary: 

The increase in specific emissions is attributable to 

our commitments in Germany’s eastern states. 

The lignite-fired power station in Lippendorf operated 

for a full year for the first time in 2000. 

Emission factors 3 for natural gas 

and the resultant emissions for 

internal requirements at GAS in 


3 

Source: German Federal Office of the Environment, 

28 April 1999 

76 77 

Waste/scrap 

Total conventional waste /scrap g/kWh 0.678 0.974 

of which, recycled g/kWh 0.636 0.636 

of which, tipped g/kWh 0.042 0.338 

Recycling rate % 93.74 65.30 

Radio-active waste g/kWh 0.005 

Water output 

Coolant water intake l/kWh 59.759 

Evaporation water l/kWh 1.369 

Direct intake l/kWh 0.017 

Waste water l/kWh 0.011 

Commentary: 

As a result of the modernisation of the cooling 

towers at the Heilbronn and Philippsburg sites in 

2000, both the overall volume of waste and the 

quantity of waste requiring disposal increased substantially.

In the additional cooling-tower 

water-processing plant, river water 

is cleaned. Impurities are bound 

with limestone, and precipitated as 

mud. This residual lime is very 

popular as a fertiliser and ground 

improver in agriculture on account 

of its demonstrated and certified 

properties. 

Keeping in 

Touch with the 

Public 

We aim to make use of all options 

at our disposal to provide to the 

public extensive news and informa- 

tion via open and transparent com- 

munication channels.

Keeping in Touch with the Public 

Info centres at our power generation 

plants attract 70,000 visitors every 

year, mainly policy makers, school 

and university students, members of 

expert groups and trade associations. 

These centres provide an important 

forum for public dialogue on and 

broad discussion of a whole host of 

environmental protection issues. 

There has been a great deal of interest 

in the Philippsburg site (nuclear 

power), Heilbronn (coal and sewagesludge 

incineration, thermal heating, 

and the Westernheim wind farm), 

Karlsruhe (coal, gas and steam-powered 

plant and the ReKa recycling facility) 

and the Iffezheim hydroelectric 

plant that attracts large numbers of 

visitors who come to see the fish 

pass. 

Visiting our information centres neither 

requires people to be interested in 

power generation per se nor interested 

in visiting the power generation 

plant itself. The Heilbronn, Karlsruhe 

and Philippsburg information centres 

prefer to see their main function as 

providing data on the company’s operations 

in addition to presenting trends 

and developments that are of relevance 

to its power generation and 

waste treatment activities. 

80 

We also promote teacher training 

initiatives in environmental protection. 

The Karlsruhe info centre organises 

question and answer sessions as well 

as 30 separate teacher training events. 

These initiatives usually last for several 

days and are coordinated with local 

education departments. We instruct 

around 1,000 teachers every year on 

issues regarding the company, difficulties 

in the power generation industry, 

innovations in the renewable 

energy sector and data on environmental 

protection measures. 

Frontline Dialogue with the 

Customer 

With our participation at a total of 166 

trade fairs, we have managed to considerably 

increase our public presence. 

Over 70% of these fairs were highprofile 

public events and included the 

Mannheim Maimarkt, the Oberschwabenschau 

in Ravensburg, the IBO in 

Friedrichshafen, the Südwestmesse 

in Villingen-Schwenningen, the Badenmesse 

in Freiburg and the “Home, 

Energy and the Environment” trade 

and consumer fair in Karlsruhe. 

We have talked to over a million customers 

and interested parties on 

topics including: the ‘passive’ home, 

solar heating, thermal pumps, heat 

recuperation, photovoltaics and fuel 

cells. 

Meeting Customer Requirements 

24 Hours a Day 

Customers are invited to visit our Customer 

Care Centre (CCC) where they 

will find information on how our regional 

centres and sales offices can 

support and advise local authorities 

and agencies. Our CCC has over 400 

full-time staff and is manned 24 hours 

a day. 

The CCC registered about 3.4 million 

calls last year. Our new hotlines, 

“Photovoltaic” and “Energy Saving 

2000”, recorded approximately 11,000 

inquiries by the end of the year. 

There are 54 specially trained frontoffice 

staff and a further 32 back-office 

specialists who deal with these topics 

– all of whom work to a triple-shift 

schedule. Our “Energy Saving 2000” 

link allows interested parties to find 

tips on how to reduce the energy 

consumption of domestic appliances, 

water heaters and central heating 

systems. There are also pamphlets 

and application forms for electricity 

meters that are available free of charge 

from our regional centres. 

The Photovoltaics hotline provides 

general information and documentation 

on this topic. It also assists callers 

with issues such as the financing of 

systems via the “100,000 Roofs Programme” 

as well as providing details 

on how to store energy cost-effectively 

and listing the addresses of local 

electricians skilled in installing photovoltaic 

systems. 

Everything we learn from our customers 

is processed in-house and brought 

to the attention of the responsible 

parties. Based on target group-relevant 

field questionnaires, we are always in 

a position to bring new products and 

services online. 

Networked Communication 

Tips on energy saving can be found 

on our website, together with our 

“EnBW Energy Consumption Check”. 

Our ecological review can also be 

downloaded from the site. 

Our customer magazine “EnBW Magazin” 

(with a circulation of 1.6 million 

distributed to all of the households in 

the areas we supply) regularly publishes 

articles on renewable energy 

sources and on resource-saving innovations. 

Environmental protection and 

tips on energy saving are naturally a 

standard feature. 

Last but not least, special brochures 

and press releases on topical ecological 

issues, innovations, products 

and programmes form the final link in 

our broad range of communication 

and information services. 


Communication Packages 

Environmental protection is becoming 

increasingly important. This is illustrated 

by in-place legislation on renewable 

energy sources (the EEG laws) 

or on promoting power generation in 

ecologically friendly cogeneration 

plants (as defined by pertinent German 

legislation [KWK-Gesetz] and the 

Kyoto Treaty on the reduction of carbon 

dioxide emissions). 

Our aim is to “pool” all our environmental 

protection activities and sector-related 

innovations and to communicate 

them to the public in their 

entirety. To this end, we established 

an “environmental communication” 

project at the end of 2000, spearheaded 

by experts from a number of 

company divisions. 

This project is aimed at communicating 

to the public the platforms being 

developed by the company that are of 

relevance to environmental protection 

and renewable energy sources, the 

reasons behind this involvement and 

how the company’s ecological commitment 

is helping to promote its 

overall strategy of advancing environmental 

issues. 

Info Centre Heilbronn: 

(0 71 31) 1 87 27 41 

Info Centre Karlsruhe, Iffezheim, 

Rudolf-Fettweis-Werk Forbach: 

(07 21) 63 05 

Info Centre Philippsburg: 

(0 72 56) 95 45 99 

CCC Info-line: 

08 00 - 9 99 99 66 

Photovoltaics: 

08 00 - 9 99 98 02 

Energy saving 2000: 

08 00 - 9 99 98 03 

Internet: 

www.enbw.com 

81

Glossary 

Activity 

Decay rate of an atomic particle pro 

unit time. See also Becquerel 

Ash 

Hard residue from the combustion of 

coal. Around 90% of ash is carried 

with the flue gas exhaust and separated 

out with electro filters. 

Avoiding CO2 Emissions 

Nuclear power, hydropower and renewable 

energy sources are all ways of 

producing electricity that avoid CO2 emissions. Without such plants, increased 

reliance would have to be 

placed on fossil fuels. Calculation of 

avoided quantities of CO2 is based on 

the EnBW fossil fuel energy mix. 

Becquerel (Bq) 

The SI unit of radioactivity equal to 

one disintegration per second. 

Biogas 

Biogas is produced by the fermentation 

of organic residues and mainly 

contains methane. It has a calorific 

value of 6 kWh, corresponding to 

0.6 l. of heating oil or 0.6 m3 of 

natural gas. 

82 

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Colourless, odourless gas dangerous 

in high concentrations. As a trace gas 

in the atmosphere, it contributes to 

the greenhouse effect. Released by 

combustion of fuel with carbon dioxide 

content (coal, oil, gas, petrol, heating 

oil). 

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 

Colourless, odourless gas, dangerous 

even in small quantities. Produced by 

incomplete combustion processes. 

Catalytic Agents 

A substance which accelerates a 

chemical reaction without undergoing 

any permanent chemical change itself. 

(see Nitrogen Oxide Removal Plant). 

Certificate 

Confirmation by an examining body 

that the examination has been successfully 

concluded. 

Climate Protection 

Measures to reduce the level of 

greenhouse gas emissions (carbon 

dioxide, methane, ozone etc). 

CO 

See carbon monoxide 

CO 2 

See carbon dioxide 

Coal Equivalent (SKE) 

Unit for measuring energy enabling 

comparison of energy values between 

a range of fuels. One kilo of SKE = 

7000 kcal/kg = 29307 kJ/kg = 

8.14 kWh/kg. 

Cold Reserve 

Shut-down power plant units kept and 

maintained for reoperations when the 

need arises. 

Combined Gas and Steam Plant 

(GuD-Anlagen) 

Cogen gas-fired turbine and steam 

generator with high efficiency rate. 

Economic performance depends 

largely on natural gas prices. 

Contamination 

Pollution caused by radioactive or 

other substances. 

Cooling Tower 

A tall tower in a power plant to release 

heat from the cooling water into the 

atmosphere and thus reduce industrial 

impact on water systems. 

Dust Collection 

Removal of dust from flue gas with 

filters or in flue gas cleansing plants. 

See Dust Precipitation Plant. 

Dust Precipitation Plant (E-Filter) 

Unit for the removal of flue dust (ash) 

from the flue gas exhaust by electrically 

charging the dust particles and 

collecting them round electrodes. 

Eco-Audit 

The Environmental Audit Directive Nr. 

1836/93 of the EEC Council on the 

voluntary participation of commercial 

companies in a system for environmental 

management and company inspection 

aims at continuous environmental 

improvements in a company 

through environmental management 

systems, licensed assessment, and 

making company environmental practices 

known to the public. 

Emissions 

Release of stable, gaseous or liquid 

substances into the atmosphere as 

well as noise, vibrations, light and 

(radioactive) rays. 

Environmental Benchmarks 

central data profiling the environmental 

situation of a company (waste 

volumes, water consumption, emissions 

etc.). Absolute environmental 

key figures are based on a unit of 

time (m3/a; t/a); relative environmental 

key figures are set in relation 

to relevant variables (e.g.: waste 

quantity per tonne of manufactured 

product, pollutant quantity per kWh). 

Environmental Efficiency Ratio 

relative environmental key figures 

(e.g. mg/kWh) express the environmental 

efficiency of the production 

operations of a company , thus permitting 

comparisons. 

Fuel Cells 

Electrochemical systems for the production 

of power and heat from oxygen 

and hydrogen. Fuel cells consist 

of two fixed electrodes with an interposed 

electrolyte. To date fuelled by 

natural gas. Currently in a trial phase. 

Fuel Cooling Installation 

A tank filled with water or other cooling 

agents in which radioactive fuel 

elements are stored until their activity 

has reduced to an appropriate level. 

Flue Dust 

Dust from the combustion of coal 

which is filtered from the flue gas in 

coal-fired power plants. 

Fuel Elements 

Fuel rods with a zirconium alloy casing 

which contain fissile material such 

as uranium dioxide (UO2) for electricity 

generation in nuclear power plants. 

Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plant 

(REA) 

Washing tower for removal of sulphur 

dioxide from flue gas using lime(stone) 

solutions forming gypsum (approx. 

90% efficient). 

Fossil Fuels 

Coal, oil, natural gas 

Greenhouse Effect 

Long-term warming of the earth due 

to higher accumulations of greenhouse 

gases in the atmosphere. 

Greenhouse Gases 

Trace gases such as carbon dioxide, 

methane, ozone etc. 

GWh 

One gigawatt hour equals one million 

kilowatt hours. 

Gypsum 

Naturally occurring, degradable construction 

material also produced in 

flue gas cleansing plants. 

HKW 

Abbreviation for Heizkraftwerk or 

heating power plant: a power plant 

that uses power-and-heat cogeneration 

(KWK) to produce heat as well 

as electricity (high efficiency rate of 

up to 80%). 

Immission 

Stable, gaseous or liquid substances 

close to the ground (see emission) 

INES Scale 

Seven-stage International Nuclear 

Event Scale used by the International 

Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 

Vienna. 

ISKA Technology 

Technology for efficient mechanicalbiological 

treatment of waste. 

Demonstration plant in Buchen in 

operation since 2000. 

KWh 

One kilowatt hour 

83

Glossary 

MW 

One megawatt is equivalent to a 

thousand kilowatts. 

MW el / MW th 

Performance in a power plant is 

measured in megawatts (MW). Thermal 

output (MWth) is always more sub- 

stantial than the electricity output 

(MWel).which is what the end user 

receives. 

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) 

Gas generated by natural decay and 

during combustion processes. An 

agent in the formation of the ozone 

layer, a higher concentration also 

leads to respiratory diseases. 

Nitrogen Oxide Removal Plant 

(Denox Plant) 

A plant to convert nitrogen oxide into 

nitrogen and water vapour using cata- 

lysts such as ammonia as a reducing 

agent. 

NO 2 

See nitrogen dioxide 

84 

Photovoltaic Systems 

Direct electricity generation from 

solar energy via semiconductor ma- 

terials. At present very high prices for 

one kWh from € 0.66 to € 0.82 

Poluttant Emissions 

See Emissions 

PVC Recycling 

Treatment of PVC residual material for 

its reuse in plastics manufacture. The 

pilot plant at Eppingen is currently 

being built and operated by R-plus. 

REA 

See Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plant 

Recycling 

Entering by-products and waste ma- 

terials from production and consump- 

tion into a cycle for their reuse or 

reclamation. 

Refrigerator Recycling 

Dismantling refrigerators into their 

component parts and recycling the 

material so gained. Innovative techno- 

logy developed by R-plus Recycling 

GmbH. 

Secondary Raw Materials 

Substances such as gypsum produc- 

ed in flue gas cleansing units which 

can be used as construction material 

or fertiliser. 

SKE 

See Coal Equivalent 

SO 2 

See Sulphur Dioxide 

Soil Decontamination 

Cleansing land of contaminants such 

as used oil or solvents. Can also be 

effected with electrodes (see 

Innovation Report). 

Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) 

Foul-smelling gas produced by burn- 

ing sulphurous coal or oil. Health 

hazard in high concentration, acid rain. 

Validation 

Another expression for the “certifica- 

tion” or “statement of compliance” 

issued under an Eco-Audit conducted 

by a licensed environmental assessor. 

Contacts 

Position Name Phone, e-mail 

Head of Environmental Protection, Dr. Beising +49 711 2181-220 

Co-ordination, Environmental Protection Officer r.beising@enbw.com 

Secretarial office Ms. Müller +49 711 2181-221 

dominique.mueller@enbw.com 

Emission Protection Officer, Radiation Safety 

Officer, Environmental Report Ms. Böhringer +49 711 2181-227 

a.boehringer@enbw.com 

Water Safety Officer, Environmental Management KWG, 

Environmental Folder Mr. Käser +49 711 2181-223 

m.kaeser@enbw.com 

Waste Officer, Hazardous Goods Officer, 

Soil Protection, Safety Data Sheets Mr. Lepp +49 711 2181-224 

k.lepp@enbw.com 

Environmental Information System, IV-Coordination Ms. Schlecht +49 711 2181-225 

a.schlecht@enbw.com 

Postal Address: 


Lautenschlagerstraße 20 

70174 Stuttgart 

Telefax: + 49 711 2181-103 

Operating Company Contacts for Environmental Concerns: 

The Environmental Protection Depart- 

ment at EnBW Kraftwerke AG, Stuttgart. 

From left to right: Ms. Müller, Mr. Käser, 

Ms. Schlecht, Ms. Böhringer, Mr. Lepp, 

Dr. Beising 

Company, Address Name Phone, fax, e-mail 

EnBW Gas GmbH Mr. Biehl Tel.: +49 7243 216-400 

Durlacher Allee 93 Fax: +49 7243 216-205 

76137 Karlsruhe k.biehl@enbw.com 

EnBW Regional AG Dr. Riehm Tel.: +49 711 128- 3155 

Postfach 10 13 62 Fax: +49 711 128- 2580 

70012 Stuttgart s.riehm@enbw.com 

EnBW Transportnetze AG Mr. Berthold Tel.: +49 711 128- 2294 

Postfach 10 13 62 Fax: +49 711 128- 2319 

70012 Stuttgart k.h.berthold@enbw.com 

Thermoselect Südwest Ms. Eggstein Tel.: +49 721 63-13981 

Durlacher Allee 93 Fax: +49 40721 63-12515 

76137 Karlsruhe f.eggstein@enbw.com 

U-plus Umweltservice AG Mr. Mauritz Tel.: +49 7243 506-314 

Am Erlengraben 3 und 5 Fax: +49 7243 506-399 

76275 Ettlingen A.Mauritz@U-plus.de 

tesion )) Mr. Kurock Tel.: +49 711 2021-228 

Communikationsnetze Südwest GmbH & Co. KG Fax: +49 711 2021-93228 

Unternehmenskommunikation stefan.kurock@tesion.de 

Kriegsbergstraße 11 


85

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the report, what information you couldn’t find, and what additional topics you 

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Publisher: 


Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, 

Karlsruhe 

Managing Editor: 

Dr. Rüdiger Beising, 


Editor-in-Chief: 

Angelika Böhringer, 


Concept and Design: 

UBE GmbH, Hamburg 

Printed on Enviro Top, made of 100% 

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