Field Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates ...

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Appendix 2. Vectorborne diseases and the vectors that transmit them. Glossary anaphylaxis- an increased sensitivity to a foreign compound so that a second exposure brings about a severe reaction sufficient to induce shock and death arthralgia- pain in joints (ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, shoulders) conjunctivitis- inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the eyelids and covering the anterior surface of the eyeball cutaneous- referring to the skin cyanosis- bluish, slatelike, or dark purple skin color due to excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood cytotoxic- poisoning of cells debridement- the surgical removal of lacerated, devitalized, or contaminated tissue delirium- a temporary disorientation, usually accompanied by illusions and hallucinations dermatitis- inflammation of the skin dialysis- a medical procedures to remove wastes or toxins from the blood and adjust fluid and electrolyte imbalances by utilizing rates at which substances diffuse through a semipermeable membrane disseminated intravascular coagulation- a complex and controversial systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder involving the generation of intravascular fibrin and the consumption of procoagulants and platelets dysuria- pain during urination ecchymosis- a hemorrhagic, non-elevated, irregularly formed discolored area of skin caused by the seepage of blood beneath the epidermis envenomation- injection of venom into the body through either bites and/or stings erythema- unusual redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion, resulting from inflammation, as in heat or sunburn
eschar- a sloughing or crusting which forms on the skin after the tissue dies entomophobia- an irrational fear of insects and their relatives, or the damage or diseases they are capable of inflicting facultative parasite- exhibiting an indicated lifestyle under some environmental conditions but not under others hematoma- a swelling of blood which occurs in an organ or tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessels hematotoxic- toxic or poisonous to blood, blood-producing bone marrow, or tissues (i.e., necrosis) hypertension- persistently high arterial blood pressure hypotension- abnormally low blood pressure induration- a specific area of hardened tissue larviparous- depositing living larvae, instead of eggs maculopapular- a patch of skin that is altered in color and usually elevated that is a characteristic feature of various diseases myiasis- invasion of the tissue of man or animals with the larvae (maggots) of certain flies (Diptera) that consume flesh or body fluids for sustenance neurotoxic- toxins that primarily affect the nervous system of an animal necrosis- death of cells, tissue, or bone by enzymatic degradation surrounding tissues which are healthy necrotising arachnidism syndrome- a response to necrotic venom where living tissue is rapidly destroyed around the bite site. obligative parasite- a parasite completely dependent on its host occular- referring to the eyes papules- a small elevated lesion of the skin paresthesia- an abnormal tactile sensation, often described as creeping, burning, tingling, or numbness
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Field Guide to Venomous and Medical
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Introduction Types of negative inte
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Other Arthropods Centipedes Millipe
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Threats from invertebrates encompas
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―traumatic‖ may be applied, and
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Surveillance of Medically Important
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Black widow spiders and their relat
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There are several commercially avai
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Approximately 12-24 hours following
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Reactions to envenomation by funnel
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Figure 21. Six-eyed sand spider (Si
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Yellow Sac spiders More than 200 sp
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one South American species, Lycosa
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Mesobuthus tamulus, the common red
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The effects of scorpion venom on pe
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motor skills become impaired. Other
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Larval chiggers actively crawl to t
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Scabies mites produce two general t
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Reactions from the bites of these v
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from pale yellow to reddish-brown.
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longer a tick remains attached, the
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Lice in the families Pediclulidae a
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Cockroaches Cockroaches are not med
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Although bites of kissing bugs norm
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the source of bed bugs. Under norma
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norepinephrine that affect the abil
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practical, scented sprays, perfumes
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Bumble bees and carpenter bees- Alt
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are their bodies are commonly disti
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Bullet ants are large (~1 inch or 2
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which resolves within a few days. S
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Certain species (brown-tail moth, t
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Blister beetles (Family Meloidae)-
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should consider the potential healt
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feces or urine. The life cycle of b
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Chrysomya bezziana (Calliphoridae),
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Wohlfahrtia magnifica (family Sarco
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mosquito eggs hatch into larvae wit
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Aedes and Ochlerotatus mosquitoes a
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of these genera play a secondary ro
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and Phlebotomous in the Old World.
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effective on the local scale. These
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Filth flies (Families Muscidae, Cal
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cosmopolitan distributions, can be
Page 89 and 90: Northern rat flea, Nosopsyllus fasc
Page 91 and 92: tetanus or gangrene. Minor surgery
Page 93 and 94: Millipedes Millipedes (Class Diplop
Page 95 and 96: distributed largely in marine syste
Page 97 and 98: Figure 230. West coast sea nettle (
Page 99 and 100: Carukia barnesi is a small box jell
Page 101 and 102: Figure 235. The ―false box jellyf
Page 103 and 104: The stings of some sea anemones can
Page 105 and 106: fishermen, especially those in Denm
Page 107 and 108: exploration of the wounds may be ne
Page 109 and 110: and continues until the leech is en
Page 111 and 112: Symptoms generally include pain, sw
Page 113 and 114: Recovery may take from hours to wee
Page 115 and 116: Swimmer’s itch (schistosome cerca
Page 117 and 118: United States Centers for Disease C
Page 119 and 120: L. hystrix: Southern Europe, Northe
Page 121 and 122: Sicarius spp.: Zimbabwe, southern A
Page 123 and 124: Family Scorpionidae Opistophthalmus
Page 125 and 126: Ixodes holocyclus (Australian paral
Page 127 and 128: Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, hor
Page 129 and 130: Megalopyge opercularis (Puss caterp
Page 131 and 132: Lucilia (=Phaenicia) cuprina (sheep
Page 133 and 134: Glossina spp. (tse tse fly): Africa
Page 135 and 136: Family Tedaniidae Tedania ignis (fi
Page 137 and 138: Haementeria depressa: South America
Page 139: Family Bulimidae Oncomelania spp.:
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Field Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates ...

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