ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black for polymer ... - Timcal Graphite

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4 www.timcal.com Introduction to ENSACO ® Conductive Carbon Black Conductive carbon blacks are carbon blacks with high to very high void volume allowing the retention of a carbon network at low to very low filler content. The void volume can originate from the interstices between the carbon black particles, due to their complex arrangement, and from the porosity. 100 nm TEM picture of ENSACO® Carbon Black showing the high level of aggregation. By courtesy of University of Louvain (Louvain-La-Neuve) 1 µm SEM picture of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black illustrating the high void volume. By courtesy of University of Louvain (Louvain-La-Neuve) STM picture of the surface of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black 5x5 nm. By courtesy Prof. Donnet - Mulhouse 100 nm SEM picture of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black illustrating the high void volume. By courtesy of University of Louvain (Louvain-La-Neuve) How ENSACO ® Conductive Carbon Blacks are produced NThe Timcal carbon black process has been developed around 1980 and is commercially exploited since 1982. The plant uses most modern technology. The process is based on partial oil oxidation of carbochemical and petrochemical origin. The major difference with other partial combustion carbon black technologies lies in the aerodynamic and thermodynamic conditions: low velocity; no quench; no additives. NThis leads to a material with no or nearly no sieve residue on the 325 mesh sieve and allows the highest possible purity. NThe granulation process has been developed to achieve an homogeneously consistent product maintaining an outstanding dispersibility. It is in fact a free-flowing flake characterised by a homogeneous and very low crushing strength that guarantees the absence of bigger and harder agglomerates. The process enables the production of low surface area conductive carbon blacks as well as very high surface area conductive carbon blacks. The low surface area materials show a chain-like structure comparable to acetylene black. The very high surface area materials belong to the Extra Conductive (EC) family. Although ENSACO ® Carbon Blacks are slightly more graphitic than furnace blacks, they are quite close to the latter ones as far as reinforcement is concerned. ENSACO ® Carbon Blacks combine to a certain extent both the properties of furnace and acetylene black, reaching the optimal compromise.
Introduction to TIMREX ® Graphite and Coke NGraphite finds wide application because of its favourable combination of properties. These include: low friction, chemical inertness and absence of inherent abrasiveness; high thermal conductivity, thermal stability and electrical conductivity; film forming ability on metal surfaces; relatively inoffensive nature of both Npowders and products of combustion. NThese properties are a consequence of the lamellar graphite structure and the anisotropic nature of chemical bonding between carbon atoms. In graphite, three sp 2 hybrid orbitals (each containing one electron) are formed from the 2s and two of the 2p orbitals of each carbon atom and participate in covalent bonding with three surrounding carbon atoms in the graphite planes. The fourth electron is located in the remaining 2p orbital, which projects above and below the graphite plane, to form part of a polyaromatic π-system. SEM picture of TIMREX® Graphite showing the perfect crystalline structure. NDelocalisation of electrons in π-electron system is the cause of graphite's high stability and electrical conductivity. Interlamellar bonding was once thought to be weak and mainly the result of Van der Waals forces, however, it now appears that interlamellar bonding is reinforced by πelectron interactions. Graphite is therefore not intrinsically a solid lubricant and requires the presence of adsorbed vapours to maintain low friction and wear. How TIMREX ® Graphite and Coke powders are produced TIMREX ® Primary Synthetic Graphite TIMREX ® Primary Synthetic Graphite is produced in a unique highly controlled graphitization process which assures narrow specifications and unequalled consistent quality due to: monitoring of all production and processing stages, strict final inspection, and clearly defined development processes. TIMREX ® Primary Synthetic Graphite shows unique properties thanks to the combination of a consistent purity, perfect crystalline structure and well defined texture. TIMREX ® Natural Flake Graphite TIMREX ® Natural Flake Graphite is produced in a wide range of products distinguished by particle size distribution, chemistry and carbon content. Timcal mines the graphite from its own source in Lac-des-Îles, Quebec, Canada. Further processing can be done either in Lac-des- Îles or for high added value products (e.g. TIMREX ® PG25) in our new processing plant in Terrebonne, Quebec, Canada. All TIMREX ® “Naturals” are thoroughly controlled in our laboratories to ensure quality, consistency and total customer satisfaction. TIMREX ® Coke TIMREX ® Petroleum Coke is calcined at appropriate temperature with low ash and sulphur content, well defined texture and consistent particle size distribution. 5
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Page 15 and 16: NBR conductive hose compound NBR NT
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Page 21 and 22: Influence of TIMREX ® Graphite and
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ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black for polymer ... - Timcal Graphite

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