Economics of Kautiliya Shukra and Brihaspati.pmd

and kam helps in selecting the best goals of a social person. The
equilibrium of artha and kam helps in the maximization of satisfaction.
Because, it determines the optimum combination of wants and
resources. Thus, Tri-varga Balance determines the unique balance of
goals, actions and satisfaction. The propunders of this balance have
warned the people not to be biased towards any one of them.
Figure 7.1 explains this unique situation of Tri-varga Balance.
Fig.7.1. Tri-varga Balance or The General Equilibrium
(Dharma)
Right conduct
Action
Balance
Goals Satisfation
(Kam)
Pleasure
Nepalese Products and Places
(Artha)
Wealth
In Kirata period Nepalese woolen clothes were famous in
Magadha This fact is expressed in Kautiliya Arthashastra. One of the
mineral products described in Kautiliya Arthashastra is bitumen- Shilajit
without mentioning the place of origin. Bitumen is found mainly in
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Nepal. It is a rich source of various medicinal minerals and therefore
used in Ayurveda.
The Brihaspati-sutra mentions half a dozen names which are
related with Nepalese geographical location, such as- Nepal, Kirat,
Himvanta, Shalgram, Sivakshetra etc. Matsya Purana, Garuda Purana,
and Agni Purana support the facts of Kautiliya Arthashastra and
Brihaspati-sutra. (Agni Purana, Chapter 46) Garuda Purana also has
a clear description of Shalgram domain. This description is based on
the famous Kali Gandaki, Muktikshetra and Damodar Kunda.
The misunderstandings that Sanskrit literature leads to people
in an imaginary world of mokhsa- the ultimate freedom becomes untrue
after studying the ideas of Kautilya, Shukra and Brihaspati. Its therefore
Roger Boesche calls Kautilya, the Great Political Realist. Their policies
are equally useful in war and peace, for economic progress, for national
integration, sovereignty and social harmony.
Bokare opines that the first available book on economic thoughts
is Rig-Veda and the first definitions of Economics were presented by
Kautilya and Shukra. According to him, if Adam Smith is the founder
of Modern Economics then Kautilya is the founder of Oriental
Economics. (Bokare, 2009: 79, 93)
We become astonished while studying the deep insight into
the economic problem and their practical solutions given Kautilya and
Shukra.Theories propunded by these teachers were tested, revised
and applied by the society for long. In the context of agriculture
development, price stability and goverment finanace, ideas of Kautilya
and Shukra are more practical than those of mercantilist, physiocrats
and classical.
Every student of Economics, today knows it very well that
this subject was evolved in Europe, the first economic thinker was
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