Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates

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4 4.3 COMGHA 72 4.3.1 Physico-chemical properties 72 4.3.2 Human health assessment 72 4.3.3 Environmental assessment 73 4.4 DEGD (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE) 73 4.4.1 Physico-chemical properties 73 4.4.2 Human health assessment 74 4.4.3 Environmental assessment 76 4.5 DGD (DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE) 76 4.5.1 Physico-chemical properties 76 4.5.2 Human health assessment 77 4.5.3 Environmental assessment 79 4.6 DEHT (DI-ETHYLHEXYL-TEREPHTHALATE) 79 4.6.1 Physico-chemical properties 79 4.6.2 Human health assessment 80 4.6.3 Environmental assessment 82 4.7 DINA (DIISONONYL ADIPATE) 82 4.7.1 Physico-chemical properties 82 4.7.2 Human health assessment 83 4.7.3 Environmental assessment 83 4.8 DINCH (DI-ISONONYL- CYCLOHEXANE-1,2- DICARBOXYLATE) 84 4.8.1 Physico-chemical properties 84 4.8.2 Human health assessment 84 4.8.3 Environmental assessment 86 4.9 GTA (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) 87 4.9.1 Physico-chemical properties 87 4.9.2 Human health assessment 87 4.9.3 Environmental assessment 88 4.10 TXIB (TRIMETHYL PENTANYL DIISOBUTYRATE) 89 4.10.1 Physico-chemical properties 89 4.10.2 Human health assessment 89 4.10.3 Environmental assessment 91 4.11 SUMMARY OF HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTICISERS 91 4.11.1 Human health assessment summary 91 4.11.2 Environmental assessment summary 98 4.11.3 Health and environmental assessment overview 100 5 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTICISERS 103 5.1 ASE (ALKYLSULFONIC PHENYLESTER) 103 5.2 ATBC (ACETYL TRI-N-BUTYL CITRATE) 106 5.3 "COMGHA1" (12-(ACETOXY)-STEARIC ACID, 2,3- BIS(ACETOXY)PROPYL ESTER) 110 5.4 DEGD (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE) 114 5.5 DGD (DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE) 117 5.6 DEHT (DI-ETHYL-HEXYL-TEREPHTHALATE) 121 5.7 DINA (DIISONONYL ADIPATE) 124 5.8 DINCH (DI-ISONONYL-CYCLOHEXANE-1,2DICARBOXYLATE) 127 5.9 GTA (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) 128 5.10 TXIB (TRIMETHYL PENTANYL DIISOBUTYRATE) 131 5.11 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTICISERS 134
6 ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE FLEXIBLE POLYMERS 139 6.1 ASSESSMENT OF POLYOLEFIN ELASTOMERS 139 6.2 SUMMARY ON OTHER FLEXIBLE POLYMERS 140 REFERENCES 145 ANNEX 1 COMPANIES AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED 149 ANNEX 2 INTRODUCTION TO PLASTICISER FAMILIES ANNEX 3 SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE 151 PARAMETERS 155 ANNEX 4 BACKGROUND DATA FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT 157 5
Page 1 and 2: Identification and assessment of al
Page 3: Table of Contents PREFACE 7 SUMMARY
Page 8 and 9: 8 The study has been guided by a St
Page 10 and 11: 10 � Danish manufacturers and imp
Page 12 and 13: Application Table 0.2 Alternatives
Page 14 and 15: 14 and DIDP), whereas ASE, DINA , D
Page 16 and 17: 16 Carcinogenicity has only been ev
Page 18 and 19: 18 � Danske producenter og import
Page 20 and 21: Tabel 0.2 Alternativer til DEHP, BB
Page 22 and 23: 22 pris (10-50% højere)end DEHP og
Page 24 and 25: 24 3 Data-sammenfatninger, som ikke
Page 27 and 28: Abbreviations and acronyms ASE Sulf
Page 29: 1 Introduction 1.1 Data collection
Page 32 and 33: 32 to mix with the resin by process
Page 34 and 35: 34 Figure 2.3 Use of plasticisers f
Page 36 and 37: 36 � Coated fabric; - Upholstery
Page 38 and 39: 38 Table 2.4 Estimated DEHP tonnage
Page 40 and 41: 40 in printing inks by CEPE/EuPIA (
Page 42 and 43: 42 The end-product uses of BBP are
Page 45 and 46: 3 Identified alternatives to DEHP,
Page 47 and 48: Aliphatic dibasic esters, adipates
Page 49 and 50: Hundreds of substances have plastic
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4 Non-phthalate plasticiser
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.6 Indentified non-phthalate
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Table 3.8 Plasticisers identified i
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Substances Diisononyl phthalate DIN
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Substances Table 3.13 Alternatives
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3.6 Alternatives plasticisers selec
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Group of plasticiser Chemical name
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3.7 Alternative flexible polymers B
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68 ASE was negative in Ames test, I
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70 not associated with any evidence
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72 Table 4.2 Summary of environment
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74 It has a rather low water solubi
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76 Repeat dose, genotoxicity, carci
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78 on standard conversion factors.
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80 4.6.2 Human health assessment DE
Page 82 and 83:
82 Repeat dose, genotoxicity, carci
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84 manometric respirometric method.
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86 rats dosed at 750 and 1,000 mg/k
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88 An inhalation study was conducte
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90 TXIB has low acute toxicity by t
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92 All substances have been tested
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Name of substance 94 CAS No. Acute
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Name of substance DINCH 166412-78-
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98 4.11.2 Environmental assessment
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100 4.11.3 Health and environmental
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102
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104 Table 5.1 Applications of ASE a
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106 ASE was reported as used for to
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108 Note that Vertellus has indicat
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110 blended in a variety of combina
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112 Table 5.8 Applications of COMGH
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114 rameters indicating a potential
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116 Key characteristics DGD is a co
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118 Table 5.14 Applications of DGD
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120 Table 5.16 Technical key parame
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122 Table 5.17 Applications of DEHT
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124 Table 5.20 key characteristics
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126 Table 5.21 Technical key parame
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128 Table 5.23 key characteristics
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130 Table 5.24 Applications of GTA
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132 Application and market experien
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134 5.11 Summary and discussion of
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Table 5.30 Alternatives to DEHP, BB
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138 Substance Phthalates and other
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140 The overall conclusion can be d
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142 publication Nordic Ecolabelling
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144
Page 146 and 147:
146 Christensen, C.L., L. Høibye a
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148 Nilsson, N.H., J. Lorenzen and
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150
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152 Trimellitates These materials a
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154
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156
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158 Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, D
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172 Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate,
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1 ESIS 182 Dipropylene glycol diben
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184 Di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2dica
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200 Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) terephthalat
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214 Sulfonic acids, C10 - C18-alkan
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CAS No. 102-76-1 222 Glycerol Triac
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Atmospheric OH rate constant cm 3 /
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226 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Commer
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228 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Metabo
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230 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Mongre
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232 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Reprod
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234 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Dog Th
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Other aquatic organisms - 236 Glyce
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238 Glycerol Triacetate, GTA Abioti
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Physical-chemical - Emission - Expo
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242 Trimethyl pentanyl diisobutyrat
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254 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC c
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256 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC 1
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258 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC C
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Inhalation - Dermal - 260 Acetyl tr
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262 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC M
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264 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC M
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266 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC G
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268 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC T
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270 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC T
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272 Acetyl tributyl citrate, ATBC A
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Physical-chemical - Emission - Expo
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276 Diisononyl adipate, DINA Physic
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Atmosphere - Dermal - Observations
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280 Diisononyl adipate, DINA Reprod
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1 ESIS 2 IUCLID dataset 3 EPA HPV p
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12-(Acetoxy)-stearic acid, 2,3-bis(
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Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates

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