Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates
Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates
Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates
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Table 3.3<br />
Technical key parameters <strong>of</strong> some plasticisers' performance in PVC (from Sears <strong>and</strong><br />
Darby, 1982; Monsan<strong>to</strong> research work; unless noted)<br />
Plasticiser in PVC,<br />
conc. 40% =67 phr in<br />
same PVC resin *1<br />
Shore A hardness<br />
*2<br />
Volatility,%<br />
lost, 1 day at<br />
87 °C over<br />
activated carbon<br />
Extracted in<br />
water, %<br />
Extracted in<br />
kerosene (jet<br />
fuel, etc.), %<br />
Phthalates:<br />
DEHP 69 4.5 0.01 44<br />
DEHP (PVC2)*3 73 3.6 0.02 54.7<br />
DBP 62 45.4 0.25 9.1<br />
BBP 68 7.7 0.07 3.4<br />
DIDP 71 1.8 0.03 74<br />
DINP<br />
Non-<strong>phthalates</strong>:<br />
73 2.1 0.07 76.7<br />
ASE 72 5.3 0.03 4.8<br />
ATBC 73 17.8 0.09<br />
DEGD (as single substance)<br />
69 5.5 0.75 3.4<br />
DGD 71 7.9 0.45 2.9<br />
DEHT (PVC2)*3 76 1.9 0.09 70.8<br />
DINA 72 4.1 0.14 80.4<br />
TXIB 76 23.7 2.83 5.2<br />
COMGHA*4 88.0 NA NA NA<br />
DEHP *4 90.0 NA NA NA<br />
*1: phr = parts per hard resin, meaning parts per weight <strong>of</strong> hard PVC.<br />
*2: A measure for the plasticiser's efficiency in making PVC flexible; the lower the number,<br />
the s<strong>of</strong>ter the PVC <strong>and</strong> the more efficient plasticiser.<br />
*3 Measured performance in another PVC resin (the same for DEHP <strong>and</strong> EHT).<br />
*4 Data from Danisco; at concentration 40 phr; PVC resin type not specified.<br />
3.3 Alternative plasticisers <strong>and</strong> polymers used in <strong>to</strong>ys <strong>and</strong> childcare<br />
articles<br />
3.3.1 Toys <strong>and</strong> childcare articles on the Danish Market<br />
Data on alternative plasticisers <strong>and</strong> polymers have been obtained by direct<br />
contact <strong>to</strong> Danish manufacturers <strong>and</strong> larger suppliers <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>ys <strong>and</strong> childcare<br />
articles. A list <strong>of</strong> contacted companies can be found in Annex 1. Five out <strong>of</strong><br />
eleven contacted manufacturers/suppliers have responded with information on<br />
alternative plasticisers, whereas four report that they do not have any experience<br />
with PVC, DEHP, DBP, BBP or <strong>alternatives</strong>. All manufacturers have<br />
been asked <strong>to</strong> provide examples <strong>of</strong> own polymer products containing plasticisers<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> specify the applied polymers <strong>and</strong> plasticisers. Furthermore they<br />
were requested information on the technical <strong>and</strong> economical applicability <strong>of</strong><br />
the alternative plasticisers.<br />
The results are based on statements by three large companies on the Danish<br />
marked for <strong>to</strong>ys <strong>and</strong> childcare articles. Table 3.4 shows the plasticisers used in<br />
PVC products by these three companies.
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