The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands - Pew Environment ...

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Species Authority Common name (if known) Euapta godeffroyi Chiridota hawaiiensis 88 IUCN code Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore (Semper, 1868) NE • • Fisher, 1907 NE • Chiridota sp. - NE • PISCES (cartilaginous & bony fishes) Refs. Irving et al., 1995; Randall, 1999; Palomares et al., 2011. Family Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks) Carcharhinus (Bleeker, 1856) grey reef shark NT • Götesson (2012) reports records of grey amblyrhynchos reef sharks at Pitcairn and Oeno. Carcharhinus (Snodgrass & Galapagos reef NT • • • Common at Ducie, infrequent at Pitcairn galapagensis Heller, 1905) shark and rare at Henderson (one individual seen by G. Wragg in 2008 off SE coast – G. Wragg, pers. comm.). Carcharhinus (Poey, 1861) oceanic whitetip VU • Listed by Palomares et al. (2011) but longimanus shark not by Randall (1999). One individual observed by G. Wragg in 1991 2 km to E of Pitcairn (G. Wragg, pers. comm.). Carcharhinus (Quoy & blacktip reef NT • melanopterus Gaimard, 1824) shark Prionace (Linnaeus, blue shark NT • Listed by Palomares et al. (2011) but not glauca 1758) by Randall (1999). Galeocerdo (Péron & tiger shark NT • Listed by Randall (1999) but not by cuvier Lesueur, 1822) Palomares et al. (2011). Triaenodon (Rüppell, whitetip reef NT • • • • obesus 1837) shark Family Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks) Sphyrna (Rüppell, great EN • Listed by Palomares et al. (2011) but not mokarran 1837) hammerhead shark by Randall (1999). Family Rhincodontidae (whale sharks) Rhincodon Smith, 1828 whale shark VU • Listed by Palomares et al. (2011) but not typus by Randall (1999). Family Myliobatidae (eagle rays) Aetobatus (Euphrasen, spotted eagle NT • Randall (1999) mistakenly lists this species narinari 1790) ray as Aetobatis narinari. Family Anguillidae (eels) Anguilla Kaup, 1856 Polynesian NE Listed by Palomares et al. (2011) but not megastoma longfinned eel by Randall (1999). Family Moringuidae (worm eels) Moringua - worm eel NE • • • • This species listed by Palomares et al. ferruginea (2011). Randall (1999) lists Moringua sp. Family Chlopsidae (false morays) Kaupichthys Schultz, 1943 common false NE • • diodontus moray Family Congridae (conger eels) Ariosoma sp. - • May turn out to be A. marginatum (Vaillant & Sauvage) (Randall, 1999). Conger Rüppell, 1830 moustache NE • Identified by Randall (1999) as Conger cinereus conger / longfin African conger cinereus cinereus. Family Ophichthidae (snake eels) Apterichtus - snake eel • Randall (1999) believes this to be an sp. undescribed species. Ichthyapus (Weber & vulture sand eel • vulturis de Beaufort, 1916) Leiuranus (Lay & saddled snake • semicinctus Bennett, 1839) eel Notes Species Authority Common name (if known) Scolecenchelys gymnota Scolecenchelys laticaudata Myrichthys maculosus Family Muraenidae (moray eels) Anarchias exulatus Anarchias seychellensis Enchelynussa canina Gymnothorax australicola Gymnothorax buroensis Gymnothorax eurostus Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus Gymnothorax gracilicauda Gymnothorax javanicus Gymnothorax kidako Gymnothorax melatremus Gymnothorax meleagris Gymnothorax nasuta Gymnothorax pindae Uropterygius fuscoguttatus Uropterygius inornatus Uropterygius kamar Uropterygius macrocephalus Uropterygius supraforatus Uropterygius xanthopterus (Bleeker, 1857) Indo-Pacific slender worm eel The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands 89 IUCN code Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore Notes • Originally recorded by Randall (1999) as Muraenichthys gymnotus. (Ogilby, 1897) redfin worm eel • • • • Originally recorded by Randall (1999) as Muraenichthys laticaudata. (Cuvier, 1816) spotted snake eel Reece, Smith & Holm, 2010 Smith, 1962 Seychelles moray (Quoy & Gaimard, 1874) Lavenberg, 1992 • NE •? •? •? •? New species. This species listed by Palomares et al. (2011). Randall (1999) lists Anarchias sp. NE •? •? •? •? It is unclear from Randall (1999) from which island(s) this species was recorded. - NE • - NE • Misidentified as G. panamensis by Rehder & Randall (1975). New species. (Bleeker, 1857) latticetail moray • Not listed by Palomares et al. (2011). (Abbott, 1861) salt and pepper moray NE • • • • (Schultz, 1953) freckled moray NE • • Jenkins, 1903 slendertail moray NE • (Bleeker, 1859) giant moray NE • • (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Kidako moray • Not listed by Palomares et al. (2011). Schultz, 1953 dirty yellow moray NE • • (Shaw, 1795) whitemouth moray de Buen, 1961 Easter Island moray NE • • • Smith, 1962 Pinda moray NE • Schultz, 1953 brown-spotted snake moray Gosline, 1958 drab snake moray McCosker & Randall, 1977 Bleeker, 1864 needle-toothed moray (Regan, 1909) many-toothed snake moray Family Synodontidae (lizardfishes) Saurida flamma Bleeker, 1859 freckleface reef eel Waples, 1982 orangemouth lizardfish LC • • • • Not listed by Palomares et al. (2011). barlip reef eel • • New species. • • • • • • •
Species Authority Common name (if known) Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Synodus capricornis Synodus variegatus 90 Cressey & Randall, 1978 (Lacepède, 1803) Family Antennariidae (frogfishes) Antennarius coccineus Antennatus tuberosus graceful lizardfish capricorn lizardfish variegated lizardfish (Lesson, 1831) freckled or scarlet frogfish (Cuvier, 1817) tuberculated frogfish IUCN code Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore • • • • • • Notes • New species. Family Isonidae (surf fishes) Iso nesiotes Saeed, Samoan surf • Ivantsoff & Crowley, 1993 sardine Family Ophidiidae (cusk eels) Brotula Temminck & bearded brotula • • multibarbata Schlegel, 1846 Family Bythitidae (viviparous brotulas) Brosmophyciops Schult, 1960 - • • Originally listed as Brosmophysiops pautzkei pautzkei by Randall (1999). Dinematicthys - - Specimens on loan to Yoshihiko sp. Machida (Randall, 1999). Family Carapidae (pearlfishes) Onuxodon (Smith, 1955) Fowler’s • fowleri pearlfish Family Belonidae (needlefishes) Platybelone (Bennett, keeltail • • • argalus platyura 1832) needlefish Tylosurus (Peron & hound • crocodilus crocodilus Lesueur, 1821) needlefish Family Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks) Euleptorhamphus (van Hesselt, ribbon halfbeak • • viridis 1823) Hyporhamphus (Günther, Pacific halfbeak • • acutus acutus 1861) Family Exocoetidae (flyingfishes) Cheilopogon sp. - - • Cypselurus pitcairnensis Exocoetus obtusirostris Nichols & Breder, 1935 Günther, 1866 blunt-snouted flyingfish Exocoetus sp. - - • • • First described from specimen caught at Pitcairn. • • Family Holocentridae (soldierfishes and squirrelfishes) Myripristis (Castlenau, brick soldierfish • • • amaena 1873) Myripristis Jordan & bigscale • • • berndti Evermann, soldierfish 1903 (Pitkern: ‘ihihi) Myripristis Greenfield, Randall’s • New species. randalli 1974 soldierfish Myripristis tiki Greenfield, 1974 - • • New species. Neoniphon (Forsskål, spotfin • sammara 1775) squirrelfish Species Authority Common name (if known) Plectrypops lima (Valenciennes, 1831) Sargocentron diadema Sargocentron ensifer Sargocentron hormion Sargocentron lepros Sargocentron megalops Sargocentron punctatissimum Sargocentron spiniferum Sargocentron tiere (Lacepède, 1801) Jordan & Evermann, 1903 cardinal soldierfish crown squirrelfish yellow-striped squirrelfish The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands 91 IUCN code Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore • • • • • Notes Randall, 1998 - • New species. (Allen & Cross, 1983) - • • Randall, 1998 - • Endemic to Henderson (Randall, 1998). (Cuvier, 1829) speckled squirrelfish (Forsskål, 1775) sabre squirrelfish (Cuvier, 1829) blue-lined squirrelfish Family Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes) Aulostomus chinesis (Linnaeus, 1766) Family Fistulariidae (cornetfishes) • • • • • • • • • • trumpetfish • • Fistularia commersonii Rüppel, 1838 cornetfish • • • • Family Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses) Cosmocampus howensis (Whitley, 1948) Family Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes) Iracundus signifer Parascorpaena macadamsi Jordan & Evermann, 1903 Lord Howe’s pipefish decoy scorpionfish (Fowler, 1938) McAdam’s scorpionfish • • • Pontinus sp. - - • Pterois antennata Pterois volitans Scorpaenodes hirsutus Scorpaenopsis sp. Sebastapistes fowleri Sebastapistes galatacma Sebastapistes mauritiana Sebastapistes tinkhami • • (Bloch, 1787) spotfin lionfish • • • (Linnaeus, 1758) lionfish • • (Smith, 1957) hairy scorpionfish • • - scorpionfish (indet.) • New species. (Pietschmann, 1934) Family Platycephalidae (flatheads) - • Originally Scorpaenopsis fowleri, but genus changed in 2002 (see Randall & Poss, 2002). Jenkins, 1903 - • • (Cuvier, 1829) Mauritius scorpionfish (Fowler, 1946) darkspotted scorpionfish • • • • •
Page 1 and 2: The Marine Environment of the Pitca
Page 3 and 4: First published in Great Britain in
Page 5 and 6: Executive summary The extent of the
Page 7 and 8: No. of marine species in major taxo
Page 9 and 10: 1767 and named it Pitcairn’s Isla
Page 11 and 12: 6 Taxon Pitcairn is the only island
Page 13 and 14: 2.3 Measures of protection The UK O
Page 15 and 16: level heights). A Memorandum of Und
Page 17 and 18: TURTLES Two species of turtles are
Page 19 and 20: 3.2.1 Introduction Henderson Island
Page 21 and 22: Head 1 body text Plate 36. An aggre
Page 23 and 24: 3.3.1 Introduction Oeno consists of
Page 25 and 26: 3.4.1 Introduction Ducie is a small
Page 27 and 28: Offshore waters 25 4 4.1 Introducti
Page 29 and 30: 4.4.2 Commercial Since 1993 there h
Page 31 and 32: Cross, S. & Pienkowski, M. (eds) 19
Page 33 and 34: Appendix 3: IUCN Red List Species T
Page 35 and 36: Appendix 4: Scientific research exp
Page 37 and 38: Species Authority* Common name (if
Page 39 and 40: Species Authority* Common name (if
Page 41 and 42: Species Authority Common name (if k
Page 51: Species Authority Common name (if k
Page 61: Robert Irving Terry Dawson Robert i

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