The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands - Pew Environment ...
The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands - Pew Environment ...
The Marine Environment of the Pitcairn Islands - Pew Environment ...
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Species Authority Common<br />
name (if<br />
known)<br />
Makaira<br />
mazara<br />
Tetrapturus<br />
audax<br />
102<br />
IUCN<br />
code<br />
Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore<br />
Notes<br />
(Jordan &<br />
Snyder, 1901)<br />
blue marlin NE • Sea Around Us Project, 2010.<br />
(Philippi, 1887) striped marlin NE • Sea Around Us Project, 2010.<br />
Family Bothidae (left-eye flounders)<br />
Bothus<br />
mancus<br />
(Broussonet,<br />
1782)<br />
Family Samaridae (slender flounders)<br />
Samariscus<br />
triocellatus<br />
Family Ballistidae (triggerfishes)<br />
Balistoides<br />
viridescens<br />
Pseudobalistes<br />
fuscus<br />
Rhinecanthus<br />
aculeatus<br />
Rhinecanthus<br />
lunula<br />
Rhinecanthus<br />
rectangulus<br />
Sufflamen<br />
bursa<br />
Sufflamen<br />
fraenatus<br />
Xanthichthys<br />
mento<br />
peacock<br />
flounder<br />
Woods, 1960 three-spot<br />
righteye<br />
flounder<br />
(Bloch &<br />
Schneider,<br />
1801)<br />
(Bloch &<br />
Schneider,<br />
1801)<br />
(Linnaeus,<br />
1758)<br />
Randall &<br />
Steene, 1983<br />
(Bloch &<br />
Schneider,<br />
1801)<br />
(Bloch &<br />
Schneider,<br />
1801)<br />
(Latreille,<br />
1804)<br />
(Jordan &<br />
Gilbert, 1882)<br />
Family Monacanthidae (filefishes)<br />
Aluterus<br />
scriptus<br />
Can<strong>the</strong>rines<br />
dumerilii<br />
Can<strong>the</strong>rines<br />
pardalis<br />
moustache<br />
triggerfish<br />
blue or rippled<br />
triggerfish<br />
Picasso<br />
triggerfish<br />
halfmoon<br />
picass<strong>of</strong>ish<br />
wedge<br />
picass<strong>of</strong>ish<br />
scy<strong>the</strong><br />
triggerfish<br />
masked<br />
triggerfish<br />
crosshatch<br />
triggerfish<br />
(Pitkern: pickpick)<br />
LC • • • •<br />
•<br />
• •<br />
• • •<br />
• •<br />
• • • New species.<br />
• • • •<br />
• • • •<br />
• •<br />
(Osbeck,<br />
1765)<br />
scribbled filefish • •<br />
(Hollard, 1854) barred filefish • • •<br />
(Rüppell,<br />
1837)<br />
Family Ostraciidae (trunkfishes)<br />
Ostracion<br />
meleagris<br />
Shaw, 1796 whitespotted<br />
boxfish<br />
Family Tetraodontidae (pufferfishes)<br />
Arothron<br />
meleagris<br />
Canthigaster<br />
janthinoptera<br />
(Lacepède,<br />
1798)<br />
wire-net filefish • • •<br />
guineafowl<br />
puffer<br />
(Bleeker, 1855) honeycomb<br />
toby<br />
•<br />
• • • •<br />
• •<br />
Family Diodontidae (porcupinefishes)<br />
Diodon Linnaeus, balloonfish • • •<br />
holocanthus 1758<br />
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus,<br />
1758<br />
porcupinefish • • •<br />
Family Molidae (molas)<br />
Ranzania (Pennant, slender sunfish • Dropped on land by fairy terns at<br />
laevis 1776)<br />
Henderson (Irving, 1995).<br />
•<br />
Species Authority Common<br />
name (if<br />
known)<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Environment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Pitcairn</strong> <strong>Islands</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Environment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Pitcairn</strong> <strong>Islands</strong><br />
103<br />
IUCN<br />
code<br />
Oen Pit Hen Duc Offshore<br />
REPTILIA (Turtles)<br />
Family Cheloniidae<br />
Refs. Brooke, 1995c; Palomares et al., 2011.<br />
Chelonia (Linnaeus, green turtle EN • • Estimated breeding population <strong>of</strong> 10<br />
mydas 1758)<br />
individuals at Henderson in 1991/92<br />
(Brooke, 1995c).<br />
Eretmochelys (Linnaeus, hawksbill turtle CR • Listed by Palomares et al. (2011).<br />
imbricata 1766)<br />
AVES (Seabirds)<br />
Family Ardeidae<br />
Refs. Brooke, 1995a & b; Palomares et al., 2011; additional <strong>of</strong>fshore observations by Gaskin in 2006 & Taylor in<br />
2010 (see also Table 17).<br />
Egretta sacra (Gmelin, 1789) reef heron LC • • • Brooke (1995a) reports seeing a number<br />
<strong>of</strong> individuals at Oeno and Henderson,<br />
but with no evidence <strong>of</strong> breeding.<br />
Family Charadriidae<br />
Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789) Pacific golden NE • • • Brooke (1995a) reports a few non-<br />
plover<br />
breeding birds being seen at Oeno and<br />
Henderson.<br />
Pluvialis (Linnaeus, grey plover NE • • Brooke (1995a) reports a single bird being<br />
squatarola 1758)<br />
seen on Henderson in March 1991.<br />
Family Fregatidae<br />
Fregata minor (Gmelin, 1789) great frigatebird LC • • • • Brooke (1995a) estimated <strong>the</strong> breeding<br />
Family Laridae<br />
(Pitkern: hawk)<br />
population on Oeno to be about 100<br />
pairs; on Ducie 10–20 pairs; and on<br />
Henderson 100 pairs. <strong>The</strong> species does<br />
not breed on <strong>Pitcairn</strong>. Also observed<br />
<strong>of</strong>fshore.<br />
Anous Boie, 1844 black noddy LC • • • • • Brooke (1995a) reports that, although<br />
minutus<br />
small numbers are present on Ducie, <strong>the</strong><br />
species probably does not breed <strong>the</strong>re. For<br />
<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r three islands, he estimated <strong>the</strong><br />
numbers <strong>of</strong> breeding pairs to be: Oeno<br />
(100); Henderson (100); <strong>Pitcairn</strong> (20).<br />
Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, brown noddy LC • • • • • Williams (1960) reported that breeding<br />
1758)<br />
takes place on all four islands. Brooke<br />
(1995a) confirmed numbers <strong>of</strong> breeding<br />
pairs in 1991 to be: Ducie (200); Oeno<br />
(800); Henderson (100); <strong>Pitcairn</strong> (100).<br />
Gygis alba (Sparrman, fairy tern LC • • • • • Brooke (1995a) estimates <strong>the</strong> breeding<br />
1786)<br />
populations (pairs) among <strong>the</strong> four islands<br />
to be: <strong>Pitcairn</strong> (a few hundred); Oeno<br />
(several hundred and possibly above<br />
1,000); Ducie (about 5,000); Henderson<br />
(several thousands and possibly above<br />
10,000).<br />
Larus atricilla (Linnaeus, laughing gull LC • One found dead at Down Rope, <strong>Pitcairn</strong><br />
1758)<br />
in late March 1992 (Wragg, 1994).<br />
Onychoprion Linnaeus, sooty tern LC • • • Listed as Sterna fuscata by Brooke<br />
fuscatus 1766<br />
(1995a). Brooke (1995a) notes that<br />
breeding took place on Ducie (100 chicks<br />
observed in late October 1991) and Oeno<br />
(two nest sites found in September 1991).<br />
Procelsterna (Bennett, blue-grey noddy LC • • • • Brooke (1995a) supposes that around<br />
cerulea 1840)<br />
10 pairs nest on inaccessible ledges at<br />
Henderson and <strong>Pitcairn</strong>, but breeding not<br />
confirmed. At Ducie, 15 breeding pairs<br />
were noted in late-October 1991. Also<br />
observed <strong>of</strong>fshore.<br />
Family Phaethontidae<br />
Phaethon Daudin, 1802 white-tailed LC • • • Not seen during <strong>the</strong> 1991/2 expedition,<br />
lepturus<br />
tropicbird<br />
but reported by Williams (1960) as a rare<br />
visitor to Henderson and Oeno. Observed<br />
<strong>of</strong>fshore in June 2006.<br />
Notes
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