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GLOSSARY 122 Keet. Young or immature guinea fowl. Litter. Soft, absorbent material used to cover floors of poultry houses. Meat. Edible muscle and other edible parts of a food animal, include edible skeletal muscle, edible organs, and edible muscle found in the tongue, diaphragm, heart or esophagus. Medicated feed. Feed that includes low levels of antibiotics to prevent common poultry diseases. Minimally processed. A process which does not fundamentally alter the raw product (USDA definition). Molt. To shed old feathers and grow new ones. Muscovy. Species originating in South America. Commonly and incorrectly referred to as a duck. Breeding a Muscovy with any other duck will result in infertile offspring (called “Mule Ducks”). Natural. A product containing no artificial ingredient or added color and is only minimally processed (USDA definition). Nest run. Eggs that are not graded or sized. Omega-3. A beneficial fatty acid that originates in green plants. Organic management. Adherence to USDA National Organic Program standards. Pasturage. Grass, legumes, insects, worms, and seeds consumed by birds when foraging. Pasture. Field seeded and maintained for livestock foraging. Poult. Immature turkey. Poultry. Domesticated fowl commonly used for human food, fiber (e.g., feathers or down) or entertainment (e.g., homing pigeons). Includes domesticated chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, guinea fowl, pigeons, etc. Poultry Your Way GLOSSARY Poussin. A very young chicken that has a delicate flavor and little fat. Process. Cut, grind, manufacture, compound, intermix or prepare meat or meat food products. Product identity. The name of the product, a complete list of ingredients and the name, address, and zip code of the manufacturer or distributor (MN). Pullet. Young female hen that has not begun laying market quality eggs. Ratite. Member of the group of flightless birds that includes ostrich, emu, cassowary, kiwi, and rhea. Restricted feed. Access to feed is limited or tightly controlled; no “free access” or continuous feeding. Ridges. Wrinkles or weak spots on egg shells caused by excess calcium depositing. Eggs with wrinkles are more likely to crack and become contaminated. Roaster. Young chickens of either sex, usually 3-5 months of age, that are tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and with a breastbone and cartilage somewhat less flexible than the broiler. Roost. A perch on which birds rest or sleep. Scratch. Cheap or broken grain scattered on ground. Considered a “filler” food that is not formulated to meet birds’ complete nutritional requirements. Sex-link. A trait that is linked to the sex of the bird. Sex-linked feather color traits are sometimes used to allow sexing of offspring. Squab. A 25-30 day old pigeon (nestling) before it learns to fly. Live weight averages 20-24 ounces. Dressed weight is 14-16 ounces. Meat is dark with a rich and somewhat wild flavor. Considered a “gourmet” meat bird. Straight-run. Hatchlings that are not sexed. Traditional management. Confinement or semiconfinement production for small- to medium-sized flocks.
Transitional feed. Feed that is produced using organic management practices but that has not yet received certification. Vertical integration. One company owns more than one stage of production such as breeding, hatching, grow-out, and processing. Waterfowl. Birds that naturally spend most of their lives on and near water such as ducks and geese. GLOSSARY Poultry Your Way 123 GLOSSARY
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A Guide to Management Alternatives
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In memory of Ron Desens and Tom Gut
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WHAT THIS GUIDE WILL HELP YOU DO
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2 Day-range chickens on pasture. Po
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TAKE STOCK 4 People (describe skill
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TAKE STOCK 6 Poultry Your Way TAKE
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OVERVIEW 8 Figure 1: Comparison of
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OVERVIEW 10 Waterfowl, particularly
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OVERVIEW 12 Commercial performance
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OVERVIEW 14 FARM PROFILE • Altern
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MARKETING ALTERNATIVES 18 Poultry Y
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MARKETING ALTERNATIVES 22 Figure 10
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PROCESSING ALTERNATIVES 28 Poultry
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MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 38 BROODING
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MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 40 Poultry
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MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 52 FARM PRO
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MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FARM PROFIL
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MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FARM PROFIL
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